SPS制备难熔钼及钼钽溅射靶材的组织和性能

采用放电等离子体烧结(SPS)技术,在烧结温度1400～1600℃、保温时间5 min及压力30 MPa下制备纯钼和两种不同成分(Mo-3％Ta、Mo-5％Ta,质量分数)的钼钽靶材.研究了烧结样品的物相、显微形貌、致密度、硬度及热导率,并与商业纯钼靶材的性能进行对比.结果 表明:SPS烧结的钼靶材晶粒尺寸远小于商业纯...     

SPS烧结制备高性能超细晶钼合金

采用平均粒度为1.03 μm的超细钼粉和La2O3颗粒的混合粉末作为原材料,应用SPS粉末冶金法制备出粒度为3.74 μm、致密度为98.71％的力学性能优异的钼合金烧结坯.探究了SPS制备超细晶高强度高硬度钼合金烧结坯的最佳烧结温度、保温时间以及温度制度对烧结坯致密度、晶粒大小、显微硬度的影响,并进一步对比了SPS烧...     

放电等离子烧结可加工Ti2AlC陶瓷的研究

以自蔓延高温合成（SHS）的Ti2AlC粉体为原料，利用放电等离子烧结技术（SPS）研究了Ti2AlC陶瓷的烧结制备。结果表明：烧结温度1250℃，压力20MPa，真空烧结，保温5min，可获得相对密度98．6％，维氏硬度为4．3GPa的致密烧结块体；烧结样品的维氏硬度随烧结温度升高而增大，但高于1250℃后随温度升高反而减小，SPS方法烧结Ti2AlC陶瓷的最佳温度为1250℃，当烧结温度≥1350℃时Ti2AlC分解；SEM分析表明，SPS技术烧结制备的Ti2AlC陶瓷片层尺寸随烧结温度的升高而增大。     

放电等离子（SPS）快速烧结可加工陶瓷Ti3AlC2

利用放电等离子烧结技术研究了SHS的Ti3AlC2粉体的烧结过程。烧结温度1450℃，压力20MPa，真空烧结，保温5min，可获得相对密度达98．4％的致密烧结体，HV可达3．8GPa；烧结温度为l500℃，则可获得完全致密的烧结体，HV可达4．2GPa；烧结体的维氏硬度随烧结温度(1300℃～1500℃)的升高而增大；SEM分析表明，SPS技术烧结制备的Ti3AlC2陶瓷，片层大小随烧结温度的升高而增大。     

烧结温度对M3∶2高速钢SPS烧结组织和性能的影响

采用放电等离子烧结技术(SPS)制备了M3∶2粉末冶金高速钢,研究了SPS烧结M3∶2粉末冶金高速钢最佳烧结温度、显微组织与性能.通过实验得到以10℃/min的速率升到1200℃时高速钢的连续升温烧结曲线,分析在此烧结实验下的烧结过程,进而确定烧结温度范围.在此范围内的不同温度下烧结试样,根据试样密度、硬度、相对密度和显微组织确定M3∶2粉末高速钢最佳烧结温度.结果表明:在烧结温度900℃、保温时间10min、压力30 MPa工艺下,SPS烧结的M3∶2粉末冶金高速钢,其显微组织均匀、晶粒细小、无碳化物偏析,相对密度达98.17％,硬度达63.37 HRC.     

放电等离子技术快速烧结纳米WC-10％Co-0．8％VC硬质合金

研究了放电等离子烧结(SPS)纳米WC-10%Co-0.8%VC硬质合金的致密化机理,并与真空烧结的制品显微组织及性能进行对比。SPS特殊的直流脉冲电压使烧结中蒸发-凝固、塑性流动、表面扩散等过程得到加强,使制品在低温下快速致密,有效抑制了晶粒的长大,如在1200℃烧结5min的制品平均晶粒尺寸<100nm。与真空烧结相比,SPS可以使制品在低温、短时间内获得高密度、高硬度,如1300℃烧结3min,制品相对密度达97.7%,HV30比相同烧结温度下真空烧结30min的相对密度92.8%的制品高近16.4%。SPS烧结温度降低至1200℃,虽然密度有所降低,但HV30和KIC分别提高了15.4%和12.2%。     

α-Si3N4陶瓷的液相烧结及其介电性能

以MgO、Al2O3和SiO2作为烧结助剂，采用放电等离子烧结（SPS）方法制备密度可控的α-si3N4陶瓷材料。讨论了SPS方法制备α-Si3N4陶瓷材料的烧结行为和烧结机理，以及烧结助剂添加量和烧结温度等影响因素与材料密度的关系。结果表明：当烧结温度为1400-1500℃，烧结助剂添加量为9％～28．5％（质量分数，下同）时，可以制备出密度可控，且密度变化范围为2．48～3．09g／cm^3的α-Si3N4陶瓷材料，试样的主相为α-Si3N4，烧结机理为SPS低温液相烧结，材料在频率为1MHz时的介电常数为5～7．5，与密度关系密切。     

放电等离子烧结制备镁及其力学性能研究

采用放电等离子烧结(SPS)制备纯镁材料,研究了温度对该纯镁力学性能的影响。结果表明:随着温度的上升,镁的致密度、硬度和弹性模量呈先增加后减少的规律,镁的平均摩擦系数和磨损量先减少后增加。温度为520℃时,材料的致密度最高达到97.6%,可证明制备的镁块体内部结构致密,组织分布均匀;其显微硬度、弹性模量分别为48.34HV、55.172 GPa,比低温度(400℃)制成的样品分别提高了26.9%、54.1%;平均摩擦系数、磨损量分别为0.4189、0.006695 mm~3,比低温度下分别降低了35.0%、69.9%。此时,材料的综合力学性能最好。     

放电等离子烧结温度对超细晶W-40Cu复合材料的影响

采用高能球磨法制备了W-40Cu超细晶复合粉体,继而进行了放电等离子烧结(SPS),获得了致密的超细晶W-40Cu块体复合材料,着重研究了烧结温度对复合材料组织和性能的影响.结果表明,随着烧结温度升高,材料的致密度、硬度和电导率也随之升高;在950℃烧结5 min的W-40Cu复合材料,W颗粒尺寸约300～500 nm,相对致密度达98％,显微硬度HV为287,电导率为17.9 MS/m.     

放电等离子烧结Ti-6Al-4V的组织与性能研究

本研究中,利用放电等离子烧结(SPS)技术对Ti-6Al-4V(TC4)粉末进行快速烧结,并对烧结体进行显微组织分析、密度与硬度的测试。研究结果表明:TC4粉末经SPS烧结,获得了组织细小、均匀的烧结体;随烧结温度升高,烧结体的显微组织由等轴状组织变为魏氏组织;经SPS烧结获得的TC4块体较铸造制备的块体,硬度提升了40%以上,其中1 000℃烧结时硬度达到最大值HV100g511。SPS技术实现了高致密度TC4合金的快速烧结,烧结产物晶粒细小,组织均匀,且力学性能大幅度提高。本方法为快速制备高性能的钛合金提供了一条可行的工艺路径。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.