油菜菌核病药剂防治试验

试验结果表明,在油菜始花期应用５０％腐霉利５０ｇ／６６７ｍ２,４０％菌核净７５～１００ｇ／６６７ｍ２,５０％多菌灵１００ｇ／６６７ｍ２,７０％甲基硫菌灵７５ｇ／６６７ｍ２,防治菌核病均有较好效果。对茎、枝病株防效分别为７８６、７３３～７８６、７４９、７３３％,对病情指数防效分别为８８１、７９２～８４１、８０２、７８３％。且应用５０％腐霉利５０ｇ／６６７ｍ２,４０％菌核净７５ｇ／６６７ｍ２,提早到油菜苔期（初花前５天）或推迟到盛花期喷施,也有较好防效。对株防效分别为９０９、８４０、８５６、７７０％;对病情指数防效分别为９４０、９１１、９２１、８１２％。     

菌核净防治人参菌核病试验

小区试验证明，菌核净对人参菌核病有较高的防治效果，每平方米参床在人参展叶期浇４０％菌核净５００－１５００倍液３公斤，始花期再用１０００倍液喷雾１次，对人参菌核病的防效可达９１．７－１００％，产量比清水对照增加１７．２－２４．１％。     

油菜菌核病药剂防治试验

近几年来,随着生产条件的改变,油菜菌核病(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum(Lib)deBaly)的发生和危害越来越重,成为我区油莱的一种毁灭性病害,是影响油菜生产的一大障碍。为此,我们从1985年开始了药剂防治的筛选试验,以求控制病害,减少损失,促进和提高油莱的持续发展。     

菜菌克防治油菜菌核病试验

试验示范结果表明,菜菌克对油菜菌核病有较好的防治效果,明显优于常规药剂多菌灵。防治适期为油菜主茎开花株率100％至一次分枝开花株率100％,用药量80g/667m^2为宜。用药二次的防次明显高于用药一次的防效,轻发生年份适期内用药一次,中等以上发生年份主茎开花株率100％及隔后5－10天各用药一次即可把菌株病的危害损失降到最低限度。     

油菜菌核病药剂防治试验

选用4种杀菌剂对油菜菌核病进行了药效防治试验,试验结果表明:65%万霉灵WP和50%腐霉利WP防治效果最好,最终茎病株率和病情指数防效均高达90%以上,50%菌核净WP防效较好,防治效果58%~59%,多菌灵防治效果不理想。     

25%咪鲜胺乳油防治油菜菌核病的效果

2000年－2001年用咪鲜胺进行了防治油菜菌核病的田间药效试验。结果表明，25％咪鲜胺乳油1000、2000、3000倍三种浓度的防效分别为78．2％－80．0％、73．7％－75．2％和60．1％－60．7％，田间应用的最佳浓度是2000倍液。     

拮抗油菜菌核病的海洋细菌筛选及其活性物质的分子检测

以油菜核盘菌为病原指示菌,对1021株海洋细菌进行抗菌筛选,从中得到了144株具抗菌活性的菌株.在建立筛选新型特异性拮抗化合物资源库的同时,重点分析了筛选的302株海洋假单胞菌,对其中具有较强抗菌活性的19株假单胞菌进行了产活性物质合成基因的分子检测.结果表明,菌株1A06832和SH-46扩增获得了2,4-二乙酰基间...     

安徽省油菜菌核病菌对菌核净的抗药性测定

对分离自安徽省合肥、太湖、灵璧、肥西等10个地区的油菜菌核病菌（Sclerotinia sclerotiorum）对菌核净的敏感性进行了测定。结果显示,菌核净对安徽省各供试菌株的质量浓度EC50值分布范围为0．1957-2,7665mg／L,平均值为0．9835mg／L,均小于5mg／L,表明各供试菌株均对菌核净敏感,但各供试菌株对菌核净的敏感程度不同地区间存在较大差异。上述结果提示,安徽省油菜菌核病菌目前尚未对菌核净产生抗药性。     

Functional Characterization of the Cystine-Rich-Receptor-like Kinases (CRKs) and Their Expression Response to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Abiotic Stresses in Brassica napus

Cysteine-rich receptor-like kinases (CRKs) are transmembrane proteins that bind to the calcium ion to regulate stress-signaling and plant development-related pathways, as indicated by several pieces of evidence. However, the CRK gene family hasn’t been inadequately examined in Brassica napus. In our study, 27 members of the CRK gene family were identified in Brassica napus, which are categorized into three phylogenetic groups and display synteny relationship to the Arabidopsis thaliana orthologs. All the CRK genes contain highly conserved N-terminal PKINASE domain; however, the distribution of motifs and gene structure were variable conserved. The functional divergence analysis between BnaCRK groups indicates a shift in evolutionary rate after duplication events, demonstrating that BnaCRKs might direct a specific function. RNA-Seq datasets and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) exhibit the complex expression profile of the BnaCRKs in plant tissues under multiple stresses. Nevertheless, BnaA06CRK6-1 and BnaA08CRK8 from group B were perceived to play a predominant role in the Brassica napus stress signaling pathway in response to drought, salinity, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum infection. Insights gained from this study improve our knowledge about the Brassica napus CRK gene family and provide a basis for enhancing the quality of rapeseed.     

核盘菌多糖的发酵提取工艺优化

利用核盘茵深层发酵培养得到核盘茵多糖(SSG),考察了摇瓶装液量、摇床转速、发酵液pH值、培养温度对核盘茵深层发酵的影响;时核盘茵多糖提取条件如水料比、温度、时间等进行响应面实验,建立了多糖提取率的二次回归方程,经响应面分析以及实验验证,得到核盘茵多糖提取工艺的优化务件.结果表明,培养温度是核盘茵培养的关键因素,水料比争提取温度对多糖提取率有显著影响;在固体培养温度21℃、液体培养温度26℃、水料比2.1;1、提取温度68.3℃、提取时间59.7 min的优化奈件下,SSG提取率达到63.3%,产量达到1.075 g·(100 mL)-1.     

５%烯唑醇微乳剂的研制

对国内外文献未见报道的５%烯唑醇微乳剂制进行了研制,测定了其冷贮和热贮稳定性等理化性状及杀菌活性,对花生褐斑菌进行测试,其生物活性为可湿性剂的１.７５倍,该制剂具成本低,药效好,质量稳定,市场前景看好等特点.     

A Quantitative Genetic Study of Sclerotinia Head Rot Resistance Introgressed from the Wild Perennial Helianthus maximiliani into Cultivated Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

Sclerotinia head rot (HR), caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, is an economically important disease of sunflower with known detrimental effects on yield and quality in humid climates worldwide. The objective of this study was to gain insight into the genetic architecture of HR resistance from a sunflower line HR21 harboring HR resistance introgressed from the wild perennial Helianthus maximiliani. An F₂ population derived from the cross of HA 234 (susceptible-line)/HR21 (resistant-line) was evaluated for HR resistance at two locations during 2019–2020. Highly significant genetic variations (p < 0.001) were observed for HR disease incidence (DI) and disease severity (DS) in both individual and combined analyses. Broad sense heritability (H²) estimates across environments for DI and DS were 0.51 and 0.62, respectively. A high-density genetic map of 1420.287 cM was constructed with 6315 SNP/InDel markers developed using genotype-by-sequencing technology. A total of 16 genomic regions on eight sunflower chromosomes, 1, 2, 10, 12, 13, 14, 16 and 17 were associated with HR resistance, each explaining between 3.97 to 16.67% of the phenotypic variance for HR resistance. Eleven of these QTL had resistance alleles from the HR21 parent. Molecular markers flanking the QTL will facilitate marker-assisted selection breeding for HR resistance in sunflower.     

12.5%烯唑醇可湿性粉剂高效液相色谱法测定

采用高效液相色谱法 (HPLC) ,采用YWGC18(4.0mm× 2 5 0mm)色谱柱 ,以甲醇和水为流动相 ,紫外检测波长为 2 38mm ,用外标法分析 12 .5 %可湿性粉剂中烯唑醇的含量 ,平均回收率为 97.79% ,标准偏差为 0 .15 ,变异系数为 0 .13% ,该法方便、灵敏度高。     

雪腐核盘菌的ITS序列分析

首次对来自日本和我国神农架且不同寄主的3株雪腐核盘菌（Sclerotinia nivalis Saito）的核糖体基因转录间隔区（ITS）DNA序列进行了测定,并与GenBank中的同源序列进行比较,没有发现序列完全相同的真菌种类,已将雪腐核盘菌中国分离物Let-19的ITS序列在GenBank进行了注册,登陆号为DQ234388。通过软件DNAStar比对分析,发现菌株Let-19与日本的2个雪腐核盘菌菌株AGT和C-1-2的ITS序列没有差异性。说明不同地域、不同寄主来源的雪腐核盘菌的ITS序列非常保守。     

春油菜菌核病药剂防治试验

通过１９９０￣１９９２年药剂防治汨菜菌核病实验表明：以５０％农利灵ＷＰ效果最好。用量１．５ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２,在盛花期叶面喷雾控制叶部病害效果最佳。     

六种农药防治杨圆蚧效果

本文报道了用６种农药防治杨圆蚧的试验结果，水胺硫磷效果最好，柴油乳剂之，１３天校正死亡率分别为５８．８％，４５．０％。