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管筒形零件的机械扩径成形过程是一个与管坯规格、管坯形状、材料性能、摩擦条件、变形程度、模具直径及其边缘圆角半径等诸多因素相关的塑性变形过程,其最终制品的尺寸和形状精度取决于这些参数的综合影响。在生产实际中,如何根据用户对制品尺寸与形状的精度要求来确定管坯规格、变形程度、模具尺寸等主要工艺参数,是机械扩径工艺设计的一个重要内容。它可以被抽象为一个在满足制品尺寸和形状精度要求条件下,寻求管坯规格等上述主要工艺参数最优组合的多目标优化问题。文章基于MSC.Marc非线性有限元分析软件和遗传优化算法,采用Python语言设计了基于加权组合法的遗传算法程序,实现了在多目标条件下对管筒形零件机械扩径成形工艺参数的优化。 相似文献
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扩径力与扩径行程的主要影响因素和计算方法 总被引:7,自引:3,他引:4
机械扩径是现代管线钢管制造方法的一项关键技术 ,包括扩径工艺和扩径装备两个方面。扩径力和扩径行程是机械扩径工艺的两个主要参数 ,也是开发机械扩径装备的重要依据。由于缺乏对机械扩径工艺的系统研究 ,准确计算扩径力和合理确定扩径行程 ,已经成为制约我国管线钢管制造技术发展和进步的主要技术障碍之一。本文针对现有扩径力计算方法的不足 ,在考虑变形程度及刚端影响的基础上 ,提出了一个新的扩径力计算公式 ;并且基于管坯的扩径过程可分为整圆和扩圆两个变形阶段的特征 ,分别给出了整圆、扩圆阶段的行程计算公式。此外 ,本文还通过实验与数值模拟相结合的方法 ,验证了上述公式的正确性 相似文献
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管筒形零件机械扩径工艺过程的成形参数优化 总被引:1,自引:5,他引:1
管筒形零件机械扩径最终制品的横断面尺寸精度和形状精度,不同程度地受到各种工艺参数、模具参数、材料性能参数以及摩擦条件的影响。机械扩径工艺设计的重要内容之一,就是针对特定的毛坯规格,合理选择各种成形参数并使其成为一种最优组合,以获得最佳的制品尺寸和形状精度。文章基于MSC.Marc非线性有限元分析软件和遗传优化算法,应用Python语言设计了机械扩径成形参数优化的遗传算法程序,通过对MSC.Marc软件的二次开发,实现了遗传优化算法与MSC.Marc软件的连接,为管筒形零件机械扩径工艺过程的成形参数优化提供了一种新方法。针对大直径管线钢管机械扩径工艺,得到了以最终制品形状精度(横断面圆度误差)为优化目标的扩径率、模具直径和模具边缘圆角半径等成形参数的最优组合。采用最优的成形参数组合,可以显著提高最终制品的横断面形状精度。 相似文献
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采用数值模拟方法分析了筒形件自由锻马杠扩孔成形过程和热辗扩成形过程,对比分析了两种变形模式对筒形件变形规律的影响。研究结果表明:相同壁厚锻比的条件下,局部加载间歇变形模式的马杠扩孔成形的筒形件横剖面上等效应变沿周向周期性分布,其大小沿径向从内到外逐渐降低;而局部加载连续变形模式的热辗扩成形的筒形件横剖面上等效应变沿周向均匀分布,其大小在外径处最高,内径处次之,壁厚中心最低。对比发现:两种变形模式中壁厚中心的等效应变值相当,且热辗扩成形的筒形件壁厚中心的等效应变略大。结合热辗扩成形试验结果发现:在相同壁厚锻比的条件下,热辗扩成形工艺可以替代马杠扩孔成形工艺来成形筒形件,在保证环坯充分锻透的前提下,获得变形均匀的筒形件。 相似文献
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扩径模具直径对成形件品质的影响 总被引:3,自引:6,他引:3
机械扩径是制造管筒形零件的一种精密成形方法。扩径时 ,筒形件的变形、应力应变分布以及成形件的轮廓形状、壁厚变化都具有明显的局部特征。这些特征不仅与毛坯断面的形状误差有关 ,而且还与模具的分瓣结构及其结构参数密切相关。由于以前缺乏对机械扩径过程的深入研究 ,所以对这些变形特征和规律的认识也欠深刻。作者通过有限元数值模拟和实验方法 ,系统地分析了扩径模具的结构参数与成形件品质之间的关系。本文专门论述了机械扩径模具直径对成形件品质的影响 ,提出了相对凸模半径的概念 ,系统分析了它对变形分布、成形件轮廓形状、椭圆度和壁厚的影响。研究结果表明 ,成形件的横断面轮廓形状与相对凸模半径有关 ;最大塑性等效应变是相对凸模半径的递增函数 ;椭圆度随相对凸模半径的增加而减小。基于研究结果 ,本文给出了相对凸模半径的设计原则。 相似文献
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直缝埋弧焊管端口扩径变形分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用有限元模拟方法,就直缝埋弧焊管端口机械扩径变形过程进行了研究,对直缝埋弧焊管端口机械扩径过程的横断面、纵断面变形特征做了数值模拟。结果表明,沿管材轴向寸以将变形状态分为端口变形区、过渡变形区和未变形区,在扩径过程中需要确定合理的扩径长度。端口变形区壁厚减薄,而在管材与模具尾部圆角相切处应变最大,处于相邻两块模具之间的悬空段管材壁厚变化不均匀,切向拉应力最大,壁厚减薄严重,这几处需要防止变形破坏,由此可见变形过程具有十分明显的局部变形特征。对直缝埋弧焊管端口机械扩径的模拟得到了扩径长度、管端壁厚变化等对实际生产有益的结论。 相似文献
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《Acta Materialia》1999,47(6):1869-1878
The influence of prior tensile deformation on the magnetic Barkhausen emission (MBE) and the hysteresis (B–H) curve has been studied in 0.2% carbon steel and 2.25Cr–1Mo steel under different tempered conditions. This study shows that the micromagnetic parameters can be used to identify the four stages of deformation, namely (i) perfectly elastic, (ii) microplastic yielding, (iii) macroyielding and (iv) progressive plastic deformation. However, it is observed that the MBE profile shows more distinct changes at different stages of tensile deformation than the hysteresis curve. It has been established that the beginning of microplastic yielding and macroyielding can be identified from the MBE profile which is not possible from the stress–strain plot. The onset of microplastic yielding can be identified from the decrease in the MBE peak height. The macroyielding can be identified from the merging of the initially present two-peak MBE profile into a single central peak with relatively higher peak height and narrow profile width. The difference between the variation of MBE and hysteresis curve parameters with strain beyond macroyielding indicates the difference in the deformation state of the surface and bulk of the sample. 相似文献
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This study focuses on the opening mode of induction bends; this mode represents the deformation outside a bend. Bending experiments on induction bends are shown and the manner of failure of these bends was investigated. Ruptures occur at the intrados of the bends, which undergo tensile stress, and accompany the local reduction in wall thickness, i.e. necking that indicates strain localization. By implementing finite element analysis (FEA), it was shown that the rupture is dominated not by the fracture criterion of material but by the initiation of strain localization that is a deformation characteristic of the material. These ruptures are due to the rapid increase in local strain after the initiation of strain localization and suddenly reach the fracture criterion. For the evaluation of the deformability of the bends, a method based on FEA that can predict the displacement at the rupture is proposed. We show that the yield surface shape and the true stress–strain relationship after uniform elongation have to be defined on the basis of the actual properties of the bend material. The von Mises yield criterion, which is commonly used in cases of elastic–plastic FEA, could not predict the rupture and overestimated the deformability. In contrast, a yield surface obtained by performing tensile tests on a biaxial specimen could predict the rupture. The prediction of the rupture was accomplished by an inverse calibration method that determined the true stress–strain relationship after uniform elongation. 相似文献
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对紫铜厚大结构件钨极氩弧焊(GTAW)热裂纹形成机理进行了研究.对热裂纹的动态形成过程进行观察和分析,在普罗霍罗夫理论基础上优化了热裂纹形成判据,并建立了基于刚性拘束热裂纹试验的紫铜厚板GTAW有限元模型.结果表明,内部变形率Δε是促使开裂的内因,得到HS201焊缝金属在脆性温度区间内(BTR)的横向拉伸应力及Δε的变化规律,并与其高温延性进行对比,得到不预热工艺下热裂纹产生的原因.为了防止热裂纹的出现,模拟并分析了不同预热温度下HS201焊缝金属的Δε的变化规律,预热温度由500℃降为420℃即可避免热裂纹出现. 相似文献
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采用等压法,通过等温热压缩实验获得了AZ31镁合金变形温度和应变速率分别在473~673 K和0.005~5 s-1条件下对临界断裂应变的影响规律,以及Zener-Hollomon表达式,据此针对AZ31建立了临界断裂应变与变形温度和应变速率间的基本模型;在此基础上,基于镁合金轧制边裂的基本机理,引入CockcroftLatham断裂准则,建立了含有材料变形激活能和基本轧制工艺参数的AZ31镁合金轧制边裂预判模型;并通过相同条件下有限元模拟和热轧试验分别得到沿板宽方向损伤值和边部裂纹深度,以此对所建立的边裂预判模型进行验证,结果显示所建立边裂预判模型的预测值和实测值平均误差为11.3%。 相似文献
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N. A. Tereshchenko T. I. Tabatchikova I. L. Yakovleva A. N. Makovetskii S. V. Shander 《The Physics of Metals and Metallography》2017,118(7):707-715
The static cracking resistance of a number of welded joints made from pipe steels of K60 strength class has been determined. It has been established that the deformation parameter CTOD varies significantly at identical parameters of weldability of steels. The character of fracture has been investigated and the zone of local brittleness of welded joints has been studied. It has been shown that the ability of a metal to resist cracking is determined by the austenite grain size and by the bainite morphology in the region of overheating in the heat-affected zone of a welded joint. 相似文献
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面对现有环件机械扩径工艺的诸多不足,分级扩径工艺得到了发展和应用。本文介绍了该工艺的基本特点,并以双级扩径工艺为研究对象,从理论上推导了扩径力和扩径行程的计算公式。采用ABAQUS软件对扩径过程进行了模拟,获得了扩径过程中材料参数对锥杆下压力的影响规律,从而验证了理论推导的准确性。为了解决环形件扩径过程中的开裂问题,运用损伤力学的临界空穴扩张比理论,并借助塑性力学方程,建立了环形件的扩径成形无开裂条件,以此作为环件预测开裂的依据,并通过实验证明了该条件的正确性。 相似文献
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粉末锻造是一种新型高性能的精密塑性成形技术,但其成形时的特殊性导致目前缺乏完善的、普遍适应的粉末锻造成形理论。通过对还原铁粉烧结多孔体预成形坯锻造镦粗成形致密实验,研究了不同初始相对密度、不同高径比、不同摩擦条件对预成形坯锻造镦粗成形、致密的影响规律。得到了粉末锻造镦粗的断裂极限准则,绘制出了断裂极限应变迹线,并着重分析了初始相对密度、高径比和摩擦因子对镦粗断裂极限的影响,确定了镦粗成形极限工艺参数曲线。实验研究结果为粉末锻造预成形坯与模具的设计、工艺参数的优化奠定了理论基础,并提供了有价值的实验数据。 相似文献
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氢致开裂和应力腐蚀机理的前沿问题 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
褚武扬 《腐蚀科学与防护技术》1993,5(3):151-157
本文对各种氢致开裂和应力腐蚀机理进行了评述。指出,把氢促进局部塑性变形和弱键理论以及氢压理论联合起来就有可能发展新的氢致开裂机理;必须深入研究阳极溶解对位错发射,增殖和运动的影响才能提出合理的阳极溶解型应力腐蚀的机理。 相似文献
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The objective of this work was to identify the conditions and mechanisms for stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of a hard copper tube employed in a cooling system. The fractured tube was made of deoxidized high phosphorous copper (Cu-DHP). The identification was performed on the ground of fractography, metallography, residual stress measurements and corrosive environment analysis. It was found that humidity and environment containing ammonium and trace amounts of nitrite and nitrate ions were responsible for initiation of SCC yielding to breakdown of oxide surface layer by pitting. Cracking was found intergranular and perpendicular to circumferential stresses. Stress corrosion crack propagation appeared the most consistent with the oxide rupture mechanism. The findings were discussed in relation to the literature data in order to get a better understanding of cracking behaviour. 相似文献