污泥堆肥厂臭气的产生和处理技术研究进展

污泥堆肥厂产生的臭气成分复杂,主要为氮化物、硫化物、挥发性有机物,不同的物料和堆肥条件对恶臭物质的产生量影响较大。污泥堆肥过程中氨的释放浓度较高,为臭气的主要成分,但其臭气阈值相对较高;而有机硫化物的释放浓度虽然较低,但其臭气阈值很低,对臭气的总贡献较大,也应是恶臭控制和处理的目标污染物。在城市污泥堆肥过程中,可以通过优化堆肥条件等措施控制臭气的产生和释放,同时对厂区产生的臭气进行收集和集中处理。在各臭气处理方法中,生物除臭法适合处理低浓度、大流量的臭气,在堆肥气体除臭方面具有较好的应用前景。     

厦门市集美新城核心区污水处理站臭气深度处理方案探讨

解决污水处理过程散逸恶臭气体对周围影响是建立在密集居民区污水处理站的要解决的首要问题。结合厦门市集美新城核心区的城市污水处理站的建设,在传统的生物除臭工艺,未能提供可靠的除臭效果的前题下,通过技术攻关,成功移植国外对高能离子除臭技术的应用研究成果,采用低温等离子体恶臭气体深度处理方案,取得较为理想效果。为探索在居民集中及高档酒店区域建设污水处理站提供有益借鉴.     

城市污水处理厂臭气治理技术评析

分析了污水处理厂臭气的主要成分与来源,阐述了臭气的测定方法及其常用治理技术,对除臭技术的研究方向进行了展望。     

生活垃圾填埋场臭气产生与控制探讨

阐述了生活垃圾填埋场恶臭气体的组成与来源,对填埋场臭气控制工作中存在的问题进行了研究,并提出了填埋场恶臭控制的具体对策,以期为城市生活垃圾无害化处理提供参考。     

广东省《城镇地下污水处理设施通风与臭气处理技术标准》的编制思路

对正在编制的广东省标准《城镇地下污水处理设施通风与臭气处理技术标准》主要内容进行了介绍,包括压差控制、设置缓冲间、臭气风量、气流组织、主要恶臭污染物室内外排放指标、防烟排烟设计等方面的规定,以及最基本的节能措施等。该标准考虑了地下污水处理厂现状与发展趋势,从工艺、建筑、风、水、电等方面做好对恶臭污染源的监测、控制与臭气处理,避免不同区域之间臭气的扩散。该标准在地下污水处理设施内外部空气环境控制效果方面做出了目前我国现有标准规范中最严格的规定,体现了对地下污水处理厂的臭气处理只有在设计、建设、运营等各个环节全过程中严密控制才能满足要求的编制思路与特点。     

臭气污染的有效控制

针对城市垃圾和城市污水处理厂的臭气控制，介绍了一种比较有效的臭气污染控制技术即生物脱臭法，指出这种办法能从根本上解决臭气污染问题，并不易产生二次污染。     

地下式污水处理厂的卫生防护距离及臭气污染控制

根据《城市排水工程规划规范》（GB 50318—2017）,污水处理厂应设置不小于150 m的卫生防护距离。但地下式污水处理厂的主要处理单元均位于密封的箱体内,生产活动产生的臭气污染物不易扩散,对周边环境影响小,并且经收集、处理后影响更小。因此,其卫生防护距离的设置要求有别于传统地上式污水处理厂。结合有关规范、标准的发展变化,总结了污水处理厂卫生防护距离的设置要求和存在问题;结合大气环境要求和环境影响评价,阐述了污水处理厂卫生防护距离的推导方法。通过对部分同类工程案例的调研,总结了地下式污水处理厂卫生防护距离的设置要求——一般不小于100 m,宜从无组织排放污染源的扩散边界开始计算。同时,结合案例介绍了地下式污水处理厂臭气污染控制的具体做法。     

生物滤池去除臭气及VOCs的研究进展

生物滤池是去除有机固体废弃物处理与处置过程中所产生臭气的重要手段。相关研究表明,生物滤池对NH3、H2S、VOCs的最大去除率分别在(56%～100%)、(67%～100%)、(70%～99%)范围内;对NH3、VOCs的去除分别以滤料的吸附/吸收作用、生物降解作用为主导;在一定范围内,对臭气的去除率随着滤料含水率的增加而增大;延长空床停留时间(EBRT)可增大对NH3、H2S特别是疏水性VOCs的去除率。在实际应用中,建议采用进气预喷淋加湿和填料喷淋加湿相结合的措施并使用复合滤料,同时应针对不同生物滤池选取最佳生物量及压降控制方法,防止破坏滤池的运行环境。     

国外关于室内空气中臭气的研究

指出空气除臭是保证室内空气品质的重要内容之一，说明了臭气的来源和构成，从嗅觉原理上解释了臭气作用与人体感觉的关系，介绍了臭气的仪器检测和嗅黉检测以及臭气的度量和评价方法。     

Sludge Bulking Control with Ozone

O zonation was studied as a non-specific means of sludge bulking control. Direct ozonation at 6 g/m³ influent, i.e. 4 gO₃/kg sludge per day into the aeration basin of a 150 l/d Phoredox system controlled the growth of filamentous organisms and improved the settleability of the sludge. Bulking control with ozone is not significantly more expensive than with chlorine or with larger settler capacity.     

利用臭氧控制VOCs生物过滤塔生物量

生物过滤塔在挥发性有机物和恶臭气体处理方面具有良好的应用前景,但生物量过度累积是影响其运行稳定性的主要问题。为了探讨利用臭氧控制生物量过度累积的可行性,该研究系统考察了连续投加臭氧对于生物过滤塔甲苯去除性能、填料层压降及空隙率、生物量增长以及碳平衡的影响。研究结果表明,臭氧浓度为0~220 mg/m3时,投加臭氧不会降低生物过滤塔的甲苯去除性能;臭氧浓度为100~220 mg/m3时,投加臭氧可以显著控制生物量过度累积、优化填料层结构和控制压降快速升高。进一步研究表明,提高甲苯的矿化率是臭氧控制生物量快速累积的主要途径。     

臭氧消毒中溴酸盐的形成、检测与控制

用臭氧对含溴化物的饮用水进行消毒时会生成溴酸盐副产物，溴酸盐被国际癌症研究机构定为2B级（具有较高的致癌可能性）潜在致癌物。臭氧氧化溴化物生成溴酸盐要经过多步反应，控制溴酸盐生成的方法有加氨、降低pH值、投加活性炭、投加高锰酸盐和增加臭氧投加点的数量等。用臭氧消毒的最终目的是杀灭致病菌，因此如何找到臭氧、致病菌、溴酸盐消毒副产物之间的最佳平衡点还有待进一步研究。     

诺克斯城臭氧综合体建筑

零售建筑是最易接近并且最常见的公共建筑。零售中心不再只是人们去购物或零售商聚集售货的地方,而是一种既定的休闲活动,因此必须赋予娱乐的意义。同样,宾馆也不再只是睡觉和吃饭的场所,它们还是商务和休闲的中心。DesignInc意识到这些重大领域的改变并创造充实、参与和娱乐使用者的环境,同时也符合商业的实际需求。     

Ozone removal by green building materials

There is a rapidly expanding market for green building materials. Such materials are intended to be environmentally friendly, with such characteristics as low toxicity, minimal chemical emissions, ability to be recycled, and durability. In addition, green materials often contain recycled and/or bio-based contents. Consequently, some green materials may undergo significant oxidation with potential for reduction of indoor ozone. In this study, 48-L electro-polished stainless steel chambers were used to study the reactive consumption of ozone by ten common green wall, flooring, ceiling, and cabinetry materials (perlite-based ceiling tile, unglazed ceramic tile, natural cork wall-covering, aluminum tinted cork wall-paper, bamboo, UV-coated bamboo, wheat board, UV-coated wheat board, sunflower board, and UV-coated sunflower board). Ozone removal was quantified in terms of deposition velocity and reaction probability. Ozone removal decreased with time after initial exposure, but for several materials the ability to react with ozone was regenerated after a period of zero ozone exposure. Test materials found to have the highest ozone reaction probabilities were a perlite-based ceiling tile, natural cork wall-covering, and wheat board.     

梯形激励下的臭氧发生器供电电源

利用能反映介质阻挡放电电路时空关系的等效电路,对常用的激励下介质阻挡放电电路的放电效率进行分析,得出了交变梯形激励是一种非常适合介质阻挡负载的一种激励源。根据交变梯形激励合成思路并考虑到电源实际的调功需求,构建了一种能够在介质阻挡负载上产生交变梯形波的双频谐振式逆变供电电源拓扑结构。基于这种拓扑结构设计了逆变电路中各个开关管的驱动时序,得到了逆变电源在不同模态下的约束方程,求解了臭氧发生器的主要电气参数数学表达式。仿真和实验验证了本文提出的逆变电路拓扑结构的可行性及理论推导的正确性。     

Ozone Treatment of Sewage Works' Final Effluent

This paper describes a laboratory-based study which was designed to investigate (a) the changes in selected physico-chemical properties of a sewage-works' final effluent after ozonation, and (b) the effect of ozone on the concentration of organic halides and effluent toxicity and mutagenicity. Different conditions were studied involving the application of ozone concentrations up to 13.5% w/w and the ozonation of the effluent under both constant and variable ozonation rates.     

小型游泳池池水消毒——臭氧消毒

本文通过臭氧消毒系统的工程实例,对其进行介绍、分析和总结,以供参考。     

臭氧在再生水处理中的应用

文中介绍了在常规水处理方法中,臭氧氧化可取得多种水处理效果。并就臭氧在再生水处理中的应用做出了初步探讨。     

Ozone in indoor environments: concentration and chemistry

The concentration of indoor ozone depends on a number of factors, including the outdoor ozone concentration, air exchange rates, indoor emission rates, surface removal rates, and reactions between ozone and other chemicals in the air. Outdoor ozone concentrations often display strong diurnal variations, and this adds a dynamic excitation to the transport and chemical mechanisms at play. Hence, indoor ozone concentrations can vary significantly from hour-to-hour, day-to-day, and season-to-season, as well as from room-to-room and structure-to-structure. Under normal conditions, the half-life of ozone indoors is between 7 and 10 min and is determined primarily by surface removal and air exchange. Although reactions between ozone and most other indoor pollutants are thermodynamically favorable, in the majority of cases they are quite slow. Rate constants for reactions of ozone with the more commonly identified indoor pollutants are summarized in this article. They show that only a small fraction of the reactions occur at a rate fast enough to compete with air exchange, assuming typical indoor ozone concentrations. In the case of organic compounds, the "fast" reactions involve compounds with unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds. Although such compounds typically comprise less than 10% of indoor pollutants, their reactions with ozone have the potential to be quite significant as sources of indoor free radicals and multifunctional (-C=O, -COOH, -OH) stable compounds that are often quite odorous. The stable compounds are present as both gas phase and condensed phase species, with the latter contributing to the overall concentration of indoor submicron particles. Indeed, ozone/alkene reactions provide a link between outdoor ozone, outdoor particles and indoor particles. Indoor ozone and the products derived from reactions initiated by indoor ozone are potentially damaging to both human health and materials; more detailed explication of these impacts is an area of active investigation.