50%呋虫胺可湿性粉剂防治褐飞虱试验总结

正为了明确50%呋虫胺可湿性粉剂防治褐飞虱的效果及其应用技术,为大面积推广应用建立科学理论依据,受江苏克胜集团生产厂家的委托,2015年9月笔者在通州区兴东镇移栽水稻田进行了50%呋虫胺可湿性粉剂防治褐飞虱田间药效试验,取得了较为满意的效果。现将试验结果整理如下:1试验材料与方法1.1供试验药剂50%呋虫胺可湿性粉剂(江苏克胜集团生产),25%呋虫胺可溶粒剂(江苏东台东南生产),25%吡蚜     

25%噻虫·吡蚜酮WP防治稻飞虱田间试验研究

为明确25%噻虫·吡蚜酮WP对水稻褐飞虱及灰飞虱的防治效果,进行了小区药剂试验。结果表明:25%噻虫·吡蚜酮WP对灰飞虱和褐飞虱控制作用较好,建议在低龄若虫高峰期用药,制剂用量以180~360 g/hm2为宜。     

育苗箱用呋虫胺防治水稻褐飞虱防效测定

为了明确呋虫胺对水稻褐飞虱的防效,测定了4%呋虫胺颗粒剂和2%呋虫胺颗粒剂在育苗箱应用时对稻褐飞虱的防效。结果表明,在1.4 g/cm2剂量下,4%呋虫胺颗粒剂对稻褐飞虱具有较高防效,药后9周,防效高达98.22%。4%呋虫胺颗粒剂的防效均高于2%呋虫胺颗粒剂。     

邗江区水稻害虫抗药性监测及治理技术研究

2012-2014年,开展灰飞虱、褐飞虱、稻纵卷叶螟和二化螟对几种常用药剂的室内抗药性监测和田间药效验证试验,并提出抗性治理措施。结果表明:示范区内可轮换使用噻虫嗪、烯啶虫胺和吡蚜酮防治灰飞虱,停用毒死蜱;烯啶虫胺、呋虫胺、氟啶虫胺腈可轮换用于防治褐飞虱,限用吡蚜酮,停用吡虫啉、噻嗪酮、噻虫嗪;阿维菌素、三唑磷、氯虫苯甲酰胺可轮换用于防治二化螟,限用毒死蜱、杀虫单;氯虫苯甲酰胺对二化螟的田间防效较理想,但对稻纵卷叶螟的防效有待进一步试验验证。     

50%呋虫胺WG等药剂防治稻飞虱试验

为明确50%呋虫胺WG等药剂对稻飞虱的防治效果,在溧阳、张家港、武进等地进行了田间药效试验。溧阳、张家港点试验结果表明:50%呋虫胺WG、60%吡蚜·噻嗪酮WP、25%吡蚜酮WP对稻飞虱均有较好防效,3种药剂的持效性相当。武进点试验结果表明,50%呋虫胺WG对褐飞虱的防治效果好于对白背飞虱和灰飞虱的防效。50%呋虫胺WG和60%吡蚜·噻嗪酮WP具有较好的推广价值,可在生产上与吡蚜酮交替使用。     

不同施药器械防治褐飞虱效果评价

为确认防治褐飞虱适宜器械及用水量,分别选用手动喷雾器、电动喷雾器、弥雾机3种不同的施药器械,在4代褐飞虱低龄若虫盛期喷雾施药,考察40%吡蚜·呋虫胺水分散粒剂对稻飞虱的防效。结果表明:用水量450 kg/hm~2的电动喷雾器处理与用水量750 kg/hm~2的手动喷雾器处理对褐飞虱的防治效果相当,药后7 d的防效为90.59%~93.30%,药后21 d防效在98%以上;两处理防效极显著优于用水量225 kg/hm~2的弥雾机处理对褐飞虱的防治效果。     

不同杀虫剂防治水稻褐飞虱田间药效评价

2013年对褐飞虱进行6种杀虫剂田间防治效果评价。结果表明:施药后5 d和10 d,22%氟啶虫胺腈SC、20%呋虫胺SG、25%噻虫嗪WG、50%吡蚜酮WG对褐飞虱的防效分别为77.9%~90.9%和77.0%~90.5%,20%异丙威EC、25%噻嗪酮WP的防效分别为40.1%~65.9%和20.6%~49.9%。22%氟啶虫胺腈SC、20%呋虫胺SG、25%噻虫嗪WG、50%吡蚜酮WG防效较好。建议在实践中,轮换使用噻虫嗪、吡蚜酮、呋虫胺、氟啶虫胺腈防治褐飞虱。     

三氟苯嘧啶与呋虫胺对贵州褐飞虱种群的增效作用及田间防效

为明确贵州褐飞虱田间种群对三氟苯嘧啶与呋虫胺的敏感性,采用稻苗浸渍法测定了三氟苯嘧啶、呋虫胺及两者混用组合对贵州黄平、湄潭、惠水3地褐飞虱田间种群的室内毒力.结果表明,湄潭田间褐飞虱种群对三氟苯嘧啶产生了低水平抗性,另外2个地区褐飞虱种群对三氟苯嘧啶仍处于敏感水平.黄平和惠水褐飞虱种群对呋虫胺表现为中等水平抗性,抗性倍...     

几种新烟碱类杀虫剂对褐飞虱的防效及用药技术研究

田间试验表明．10％烯啶虫胺AS、25％噻虫嗪WG和10％氯噻啉WP等三种新烟碱类杀虫剂防治五代褐飞虱,10％烯啶虫胺AS表现出良好的速效性和持效性,药后3～21d对褐飞虱防效分别在83．3％～100％,25％噻虫嗪WG速效性较差但持效性理想．药后3～21d对褐飞虱防效分别在55．9％～90％,10％氯噻啉WP防效不佳。对褐飞虱的防治技术进行了探讨,提出了褐飞虱的防治应贯彻“治前控后”的策略,做好药剂的交替使用,延缓褐飞虱抗药性的产生。     

杀虫剂呋虫胺的杀虫活性和应用技术研发

为了研究呋虫胺的杀虫活性和应用技术,通过室内生测初步明确了呋虫胺对豆蚜、褐飞虱、二化螟和小菜蛾的生物活性,结果表明:呋虫胺对稻飞虱具有高活性,LC_(50)和LC_(90)分别为0.877 8 mg/L和3.900 6 mg/L:对豆蚜亦具有高活性,LC_(50)和LC_(90)分别为0.350 5 mg/L和3.077 1 mg/L:对二化螟具有活性,LC_(50)和LC_(90)分别为55.721 5 mg/L和882.306 1 mg/L,;对小菜蛾活性低,以100 mg/L剂量处理3 d后死亡率为14.29%。通过研究呋虫胺与高效氯氟氰菊酯对豆蚜联合作用,发现它们配比3:1、4:1、5:1时具有增效作用;呋虫胺与吡蚜酮以配比1:1.5、1:2、1:2.5混用时对褐飞虱有显著增效作用;呋虫胺与烯啶虫胺以配比1:1、3:1、4:1、5:1混用时对褐飞虱有显著增效作用。通过田间小区试验,验证了呋虫胺对稻飞虱的防效,结果表明有效成分60~120 g/hm^2药后3~20 d的防效为73.34%~98.39%。经综合分析与评价,对呋虫胺的应用给出3个建议:呋虫胺防治稻飞虱是可行的,在应用剂量方面还可以优化;呋虫胺具有内吸性,希望在种子处理方面加强研发;呋虫胺在二化螟的防治上最好使用混配技术。     

Metabolism of trideuterated iso-lignoceric acid in rats in Vivo and in human fibroblasts in culture

Saturated very long chain fatty acids (fatty acids with greater than 22 carbon atoms; VLCFA) accumulate in peroxisomal disorders, but there is little information on their turnover in patients. To determine the suitability of using stable isotope-labeled VLCFA in patients with these disorders, the metabolism of 22-methyl[23,23,23-²H₃]tricosanoic (iso-lignoceric) acid was studied in rats in vivo and in human skin fibroblasts in culture. The deuterated iso-VLCFA was degraded to the corresponding 16- and 18-carbon iso-fatty acids by rats in vivo and by normal human skin fibroblasts in culture, but there was little or no degradation in peroxisome-deficient (Zellweger’s syndrome) fibroblasts, indicating that its oxidation was peroxisomal. Neither the 14-, 20-, and 22-carbon iso-fatty acids nor the corresponding odd-chain metabolites could be detected. In the rat, the organ containing most of the iso-lignoceric acid, and its breakdown products, was the liver, whereas negligible amounts were detected in the brain, suggesting that little of the fatty acid crossed the blood-brain barrier. Our data indicate that VLCFA labeled with deuterium at the ω-position of the carbon chain are suitable derivatives for the in vivo investigation of patients with defects in peroxisomal β-oxidation because they are metabolized by the same pathways as the corresponding n-VLCFA. Moreover, as iso-VLCFA and their β-oxidation products are readily separated from the corresponding n-fatty acids by normal chromatographic procedures, the turnover of VLCFA can be more precisely measured. A preliminary report of part of this work (Reference 18) was presented at the 5th International Symposium on the Synthesis and Applications of Isotopes and Isotopically Labelled Compounds, Strasbourg, France, June 20–24, 1994.     

佛山市顺德新城区降水中污染物的监测和分析

为掌握佛山市顺德新城区降水中污染物的情况,2015年7月至8月,文章作者分别在雨天进行了降水取样,对降水中的pH、电导率、常见阴离子(F-、Cl~-、NO_3~(2-)、SO_4~(2-))及部分重金属(铅和镉)进行监测分析。选择有相关数据的珠江三角洲和石家庄、厦门等地的降水中污染物的情况进行对比。结果表明,顺德新城区降水中的p H和部分阴离子浓度优于珠江三角洲平均值,酸雨类型属于硫酸和硝酸混合型;其水体洁净程度略差于石家庄;铅和镉的浓度也高于厦门,甚至部分超出了人体能直接接触的安全范围。     

Denitrification in shallow groundwater in a coastal agricultural area in Japan

In a coastal agricultural area in the central part of Japan (Shizuoka), we found decreasing nitrate concentration with depth in a shallow groundwater, where the depth to water table varied between 0.6 and 1.2 m below ground surface. High nitrate concentrations (5–29 mg N L^–1) were often observed in the upper layer (0–2 m) of the groundwater, but the concentration decreased to less than 1 mg N L^–1 in the deeper layer. Ammonium was scarcely detected, and the concentration of dissolved oxygen was usually low (< 1 mgO₂ L^–1) in the groundwater. Nitrate in the groundwater often had very heavy nitrogen stable isotope ratios (>20{}). There was a negative relationship between nitrogen stable isotope ratio of nitrate and its concentration. When nitrate was injected into the groundwater with acetylene and bromide (a conservative tracer), nitrate concentration decreased to 20% of the initial level within 5 days, accompanied by the increase in nitrite and nitrous oxide concentration and a little change in bromide concentration. These results indicate that microbial denitrification plays a potential role in the decrease of nitrate in shallow groundwater at the study site.     

我国硝酸工业生产技术新进展

系统叙述了我国硝酸工业2000-2007年生产现状及主要技术成果,尤其指出了国产"四合一"机组的成功投运,使我国硝酸国产化装置取得较大的进步,表现在吨酸的铂耗、氨耗和能耗等方面接近国外引进装置水平,同时介绍了国外双加压法硝酸生产技术的进展.我国已成为硝酸生产大国,仍需以先进的技术改造和发展我国硝酸工业,确保我国硝酸工业健康有序地发展,加快从硝酸生产大国向强国迈进的步伐.     

高效液相色谱法分析化妆品中微量成分的研究进展

综述了高效液相色谱法在化妆品中防腐剂、防晒剂中紫外线吸收剂以及性激素的检测等几个方面的应用;同时,介绍了分析所用的色谱柱、流动相、使用的检测手段以及样品的提取方法;最后针对目前存在的问题,提出了高效液相色谱用于化妆品中微量成分分析的研究方向和发展前景。