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1.
Slot waveguides can provide high optical confinement in a nanoscale low-index layer. While a conventional waveguide has a Gaussian-like Eigenmode profile, the Eigenmode profile of a slot waveguide is quite non-Gaussian type, due to the large discontinuity of refractive indices and thus the transverse electric field component between the high and low index layers of a slot waveguide. Although the field profiles of the two types of waveguides seem different, here we show that direct integration of conventional and slot waveguides yields efficient coupling of light into and out of slot waveguides using the rigorous finite-difference time domain method. The proposed direct coupling method has comparable performance to recently proposed taper based coupling methods, while having advantages in easier integration with conventional waveguide optics and higher integration density. We also show that coupling efficiency is not sensitive to the symmetricity of the slot waveguide, resulting in good manufacturing tolerance. The proposed direct coupler may have a number of applications in lightwave interconnects, sensing and data storage. 相似文献
2.
We have studied both theoretically and experimentally the effect of grating tilting on the coupling between the fundamental core mode and the cladding modes in an optical fiber Bragg grating. The coupling is shown to be very sensitive on the tilting angle. It is also shown that tilting angle has to be minimized in fibers with designs to suppress the coupling between the fundamental core mode and the cladding modes. We have also studied the single, strong loss peak accompanying the Bragg reflection peak in depressed-cladding fibers, thus showing a good agreement between behavior that is measured and that is predicted theoretically. 相似文献
3.
Aviad Hai Ada Dormann Joseph Shappir Shlomo Yitzchaik Carmen Bartic Gustaaf Borghs J. P. M. Langedijk Micha E. Spira 《Journal of the Royal Society Interface》2009,6(41):1153-1165
Interfacing neurons with micro- and nano-electronic devices has been a subject of intense study over the last decade. One of the major problems in assembling efficient neuro-electronic hybrid systems is the weak electrical coupling between the components. This is mainly attributed to the fundamental property of living cells to form and maintain an extracellular cleft between the plasma membrane and any substrate to which they adhere. This cleft shunts the current generated by propagating action potentials and thus reduces the signal-to-noise ratio. Reducing the cleft thickness, and thereby increasing the seal resistance formed between the neurons and the sensing surface, is thus a challenge and could improve the electrical coupling coefficient. Using electron microscopic analysis and field potential recordings, we examined here the use of gold micro-structures that mimic dendritic spines in their shape and dimensions to improve the adhesion and electrical coupling between neurons and micro-electronic devices. We found that neurons cultured on a gold-spine matrix, functionalized by a cysteine-terminated peptide with a number of RGD repeats, readily engulf the spines, forming tight apposition. The recorded field potentials of cultured Aplysia neurons are significantly larger using gold-spine electrodes in comparison with flat electrodes. 相似文献
4.
In this paper, a novel scheme is proposed to obtain the single-mode laser using parity-time symmetry breaking. Four analogue micro-rings are optically coupled in the square configuration in a way that two micro-rings on the square diameter experience gain and the other two experience loss. The coupling coefficient for horizontal and vertical coupling between micro-rings is considered to be different. According to this new scheme, the symmetry of structure is destroyed, and thus the degenerate modes that can disrupt the stability of laser, disappeared. Due to the coupling of the resonators, four super-modes, which are coupled pairwise, are generated. The Eigen-frequency and parity-time symmetry breaking of the two super-modes depend on the difference between horizontal and vertical coupling coefficient; however, these parameters depend on the summation of the coupling coefficients for the other two. Results show that the laser output is single mode in a specific condition of coupling coefficient and gains. It is concluded that the threshold of pump parameter is improved in the new scheme, relative to the two coupled micro-rings. 相似文献
5.
A two-port polarization-independent tunable spectral slicing filter at the 1530?nm wavelength regime is presented. The design utilizes an asymmetric interferometer with a sparse index grating along its arms. The sparse grating makes it possible to select equally spaced frequency channels from an incident WDM signal and to place nulls between them to coincide with the signal comb frequency. The number of selected channels and nulls between them depends on the number of coupling regions used in the sparse grating. The free spectral range depends on the spacing between the coupling regions. The Z-transform method is used to synthesize the filter and determine the spectral response. The operation of a device with six coupling regions is demonstrated, and good agreement with theoretical predictions is obtained. A 3?dB bandwidth of ~1?nm and thermal tuning over a range of ~13?nm are measured. 相似文献
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A Composite Polymeric Carbon Nitride with In Situ Formed Isotype Heterojunctions for Highly Improved Photocatalysis under Visible Light
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Qinghua Liang Zhi Li Yu Bai Zheng‐Hong Huang Feiyu Kang Quan‐Hong Yang 《Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2017,13(9)
Introducing heterojunction is an effective way for improving the intrinsic photocatalytic activity of a graphitic carbon nitride (GCN) semiconductor. These heterostructures are mostly introduced by interfacing GCN with foreign materials that normally have entirely different physicochemical properties and show unfavorable compatibility, thus resulting in a limited improvement of the photocatalytic performance of the resultant materials. Herein, a composite polymeric carbon nitride (CPCN) that contains both melon‐based GCN and triazine‐based crystalline carbon nitride (CCN) is prepared by a simple thermal reaction between lithium chloride and GCN. Thanks to the intimate contact and good compatibility between GCN and CCN, an in situ formed heterojunction acts as a driving force for separating the photogenerated charge carriers in CPCN. As a result, CPCN exhibits a significantly improved photocatalytic performance under visible light irradiation, which is, respectively, 10.6 and 5.3 times as high as those of the GCN and CCN alone. This well designed isotype heterojunction by a coupling of CCN presents an effective avenue for developing efficient GCN photocatalysts. 相似文献
8.
It is shown that the asymmetry coupling between two coupled optomechanical cavities leads to special class of PT-symmetric model for optomechanical structure. Under these conditions, Hamiltonian is considered in blue and red sideband regime. In these cases, the asymmetric coupling between two cavities has been transferred such that the asymmetric beam-splitter or squeezing interaction is generated between optical and mechanical modes. Then, the amount of entanglement between the different optical and mechanical modes is calculated. The results define that PT-symmetry can improve the entanglement in special conditions. The proposed system provides good condition to investigate the nonreciprocal interaction between photon and phonon. 相似文献
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Many researchers have proposed hypotheses concerning the physical mechanisms that govern creep and among them the development of microcracks is well recognized. For high load levels, microcracking may initiates at the moment of load application and begins to grow to form a time-dependent crack path. An experimental investigation is proposed here in order to provide interesting insight into the coupling between creep and damage with specimens loaded in flexure. The acoustic emission (AE) technique is used as a tool to provide information on the pertinence of the physical hypothesis that microcracks appear during creep. An original test is performed to accelerate the creep phenomenon by submitting concrete beams to desiccation after a basic creep period. The results show a good proportionality between the creep deformation and the AE activity and thus the efficiency of acoustic measurements for the estimation of the state of damage. In addition, an unsupervised pattern recognition analysis is used as a tool for the classification of the monitored AE signatures. The cluster analysis shows two clusters during basic creep and three clusters during desiccation creep indicating different damage mechanisms. 相似文献
11.
A Flexible Caterpillar‐Like Gold Nanoparticle Assemblies with Ultrasmall Nanogaps for Enhanced Dual‐Modal Imaging and Photothermal Therapy
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Yuanzhi Xia Xuehua Ma Junhua Gao Guoxin Chen Zihou Li Xiaoxia Wu Zhangsen Yu Jie Xing Li Sun Huimin Ruan Lijia Luo Lingchao Xiang Chen Dong Wenzhi Ren Zheyu Shen Aiguo Wu 《Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2018,14(19)
Gold nanoparticle (AuNP) assemblies (GNAs) have attracted attention since enhanced coupling plasmonic resonance (CPR) emerged in the nanogap between coupling AuNPs. For one dimensional GNAs (1D‐GNAs), most CPR from the nanogaps could be easily activated by electromagnetic waves and generate drastically enhanced CPR because the nanogaps between coupling AuNPs are linearly distributed in the 1D‐GNAs. The reported studies focus on the synthesis of 1D‐GNAs and fundamental exploration of CPR. There are still problems which impede further applications in nanomedicine, such as big size (>500 nm), poor water solubility, and/or poor stability. In this study, a kind of 1D flexible caterpillar‐like GNAs (CL‐GNAs) with ultrasmall nanogaps, good water solubility, and good stability is developed. The CL‐GNAs have a flexible structure that can randomly move to change their morphology, which is rarely reported. Numerous ultrasmall nanogaps (<1 nm) are linearly distributed along the structure of CL‐GNAs and generate enhanced CPR. The toxicity assessments in vitro and vivo respectively demonstrate that CL‐GNAs have a low cytotoxicity and good biocompatibility. The CL‐GNAs can be used as an efficient photothermal agent for photothermal therapy, a probe for Raman imaging and photothermal imaging. 相似文献
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The polarization dependence of directional couplers (DC) formed by silicon-on-insulator (SOI) slot waveguides was studied, and its applications as highly efficient polarization beam splitters (PBSs) and polarization-independent directional couplers (PIDCs) were investigated. The coupling lengths for the quasi-TE and quasi-TM modes may vary with the waveguide geometry due to structural birefringence; thus numerical simulations of the coupling effects in the directional couplers with different aspect ratios and waveguide spacing were conducted to obtain the optimal design parameters for high efficiency as well as compact device size. The lengths of the coupling regions of the designed PBS and PIDC are 47.61 and 23.13 μm, respectively, and they delivered good performance, with an extinction ratio greater than 20 and 1 dB bandwidth larger than 100 nm. The tolerance of fabrication error in the practical device is also discussed. 相似文献
13.
不同于以往的理论、经验设计,采用低频段的声固耦合法、中高频段的统计能量法(SEA)对设计的混响声场进行声学分析,提高混响水平。根据虚拟结果建立混响箱实物,置于半消声室内进行测试,混响箱结构本体的噪声衰减量超过50 dB,混响时间达到混响要求,混响场内不同位置声压值差距均小于2 dB,该混响箱设计满足混响声场的要求;将SEA法隔声计算结果与应用混响箱-消声室法对板件的隔声测试结果进行对比,两者吻合良好;因此该实验方法能实现很好的隔声效果。通过该方法可快速对单层板及夹层板件进行隔声测试,发现吻合频率效应对隔声性能影响较大;以上研究对工程应用有较大的参考意义。 相似文献
14.
凸缘结构是一种常见的工程结构。用统计能量分析(SEA)研究耦合凸缘结构间的振动传递,需要决定其间的耦合损耗因子。本文研究了通过册缘和弹性材料耦合结构间振动传递特性,分析了减振隔振措施,导出耦合损耗因子的计算公式。以通过不同大小截面的凸缘和不同特性的弹性材料耦合的凸级板结构为例,进行了一系列实验测量,耦耗损耗因子的实验测量值与理论估算吻合较好。 相似文献
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Muhammad Awais Shahid Bashir Awais Khan Muhammad Asif Nasim Ullah Hend I. Alkhammash 《计算机、材料和连续体(英文)》2023,75(1):669-681
This paper presents a compact Multiple Input Multiple Output
(MIMO) antenna with WLAN band notch for Ultra-Wideband (UWB)
applications. The antenna is designed on 0.8 mm thick low-cost FR-4 substrate
having a compact size of 22 mm × 30 mm. The proposed antenna comprises
of two monopole patches on the top layer of substrate while having a shared
ground on its bottom layer. The mutual coupling between adjacent patches
has been reduced by using a novel stub with shared ground structure. The stub
consists of complementary rectangular slots that disturb the surface current
direction and thus result in reducing mutual coupling between two ports. A
slot is etched in the radiating patch for WLAN band notch. The slot is used
to suppress frequencies ranging from 5.1 to 5.9 GHz. The results show that the
proposed antenna has a very good impedance bandwidth of |S11| < −10 dB
within the frequency band from 3.1–14 GHz. A low mutual coupling of less
than −23 dB is achieved within the entire UWB band. Furthermore, the
antenna has a peak gain of 5.8 dB, low ECC < 0.002 and high Diversity Gain
(DG > 9.98). 相似文献
17.
We present a model for the electronic contribution to the thermal expansion in the superconducting state based on the weak coupling BCS theory. A simple scaling parameter is introduced to accommodate strong coupling. We find satisfactory agreement between the model's predictions and experimental measurements for a number of materials exhibiting qualitatively different expansion behavior.Supported by the Australian Research Grants Committee. 相似文献
18.
This paper analyzes the consequences of the microstructural changes in a quenchable steel component subjected to grinding. The model takes into account the coupling of the temperature history and stress field in the grinding, where the temperature field is assessed by Jager's model and the stress field is analyzed by means of an embossed grid method. The effects of the dislocation density and grain size distribution are also examined. The transformation kinetics of martensite, bainite and ferrite is then discussed based on the Cahn's law. It was found that that the temperature-stress field varies significantly in different subsurface parts of the component and thus creates a variable structure across its depth. The theoretical results are in good agreement with experimental data. 相似文献
19.
The covalent coupling of nanomaterials to bio-recognition molecules is a critical intermediate step in using nanomaterials for biology and medicine. Here we investigate the carbodiimide-mediated conjugation of fluorescent quantum dots to different proteins (e.g., immunoglobulin G, bovine serum albumin, and horseradish peroxidase). To enable these studies, we developed a simple method to isolate quantum dot bioconjugates from unconjugated quantum dots. The results show that the reactant concentrations and protein type will impact the overall number of proteins conjugated onto the surfaces of the quantum dots, homogeneity of the protein-quantum dot conjugate population, quantum efficiency, binding avidity, and enzymatic kinetics. We propose general principles that should be followed for the successful coupling of proteins to quantum dots. 相似文献
20.
A top-gated single-wall carbon nanotube is used to define three coupled quantum dots in series between two electrodes. The additional electron number on each quantum dot is controlled by top-gate voltages allowing for current measurements of single, double, and triple quantum dot stability diagrams. Simulations using a capacitor model including tunnel coupling between neighboring dots captures the observed behavior with good agreement. Furthermore, anticrossings between indirectly coupled levels and higher order cotunneling are discussed. 相似文献