Glycidyl Esters of Phthalic Acid as Plasticizers and Stabilizers for PVC

Mono- and di-glycidyl esters of phthalic acid were tested as plasticizers and stabilizers for PVC. These were compared with commercial products, such as dibutylphthalate, di-2-ethylhexyl-phthalate, epoxydized soyabean oil and glycerine monooleate. The glycidyl esters of mono-alkylphthalates exhibited, at lower temperature levels, a better solubility for PVC than di-2-ethylhexyl-phthalate. n-Octyl- and 2-ethyihexyl-glycidyl-phthalate are better than di-2-ethylhexyl-phthalate w.r.t. plastcizing and gelatinizing characteristics. Mixture of PVC with either of the two glycidyl esters exhibited also higher thermal stability than diethylhexyl-phthalate-PVC-mixture. n-Octyl- and 2-ethylhexyl-glycidyl-phthalate are comparable with glycerinmonooleate as PVC-co-stabilizer. However, they are as stabilizers inferior to epoxydized soyabean oil. The glycidyl esters exhibit a higher volatility compared to diisooctyl-phthalate, whereas, this is in the case of dibutylphthalate lower. Diglycidylphthalate is in contrast to alkylglycidylphthalates unstable above 130°C so that it is not suitable as PVC-plastizicer.     

Discovery of Simple Diacylhydrazine-Functionalized Cinnamic Acid Derivatives as Potential Microtubule Stabilizers

To develop novel microtubule-binding agents for cancer therapy, an array of N-cinnamoyl-N’-(substituted)acryloyl hydrazide derivatives were facilely synthesized through a two-step process. Initially, the antiproliferative activity of these title compounds was explored against A549, 98 PC-3 and HepG2 cancer cell lines. Notably, compound I₂₃ exhibited the best antiproliferative activity against three cancer lines with IC₅₀ values ranging from 3.36 to 5.99 μM and concurrently afforded a lower cytotoxicity towards the NRK-52E cells. Anticancer mechanism investigations suggested that the highly bioactive compound I₂₃ could potentially promote the protofilament assembly of tubulin, thus eventually leading to the stagnation of the G2/M phase cell cycle of HepG2 cells. Moreover, compound I₂₃ also disrupted cancer cell migration and significantly induced HepG2 cells apoptosis in a dosage-dependent manner. Additionally, the in silico analysis indicated that compound I₂₃ exhibited an acceptable pharmacokinetic profile. Overall, these easily prepared N-cinnamoyl-N’-(substituted)acryloyl hydrazide derivatives could serve as potential microtubule-interacting agents, probably as novel microtubule-stabilizers.     

热稳定剂邻苯二甲酸单异辛酯稀土的合成及性能

以邻苯二甲酸酐、异辛醇、氢氧化钠、氯化稀土、混合溶剂、助剂为原料 ,通过酯化反应、皂化反应、复分解反应以及复配制备了以邻苯二甲酸单异辛酯稀土为主要成分的液态稀土复合热稳定剂 ,其工艺条件为 :酯化反应的温度控制在 130～ 14 0℃ ,反应时间为 1h ;皂化反应的温度为 6 0℃ ,反应时间为 5min ;复分解反应的温度在 6 0～ 70℃ ,反应时间为 1h ;水洗温度控制在 6 0～ 6 5℃ ;混合溶剂的用量为 5 0 % ,稀土含量为 6 0 3% ;在复配过程中 ,采用亚磷酸酯作为辅助热稳定剂 ,其用量为 5 %～ 7% ,PVC中加入 2 %的这种稀土复合热稳定剂 ,在185℃下 ,其热稳定时间为 4 5min。     

Chemical Evaluation of Uruguayan Cucurbitaceae Seeds as Potential Sources of Vegetable Oils

Oils from seeds of the Cucurbitaceae family were extracted and composition, refractive index, iodine value and hydroxyl value determined. It can be noticed fro the results obtained that the component acids. The low values determined of the hydroxyl number indicate the absence of natural hydroxylated fatty acids or of important damage produced by either the storage of seeds or the process of extraction. The fatty acids composition and properties indicate that the oils should be quite suitable for edible and soap-making purposes.     

PVC热稳定剂马来酸单十二酯钙/锌的制备及应用

在无需催化剂的条件下用马来酸酐与十二醇反应制得了马来酸单十二酯中间体,经过皂化反应和复分解反应制备了聚氯乙烯(PVC)用热稳定剂马来酸单十二酯钙/锌,利用紫外吸收光谱和傅立叶变换红外光谱对中间体和最终产物进行了验证;通过热老化烘箱法、刚果红法、电导率法对添加马来酸单十二酯钙/锌复配体系的PVC热稳定性能进行了系统评价,并在热稳定性能和力学性能方面与添加传统硬脂酸钙/锌的PVC进行了对比。结果表明,马来酸单十二酯钙/锌复配后表现出良好的协同热稳定作用,能够有效地抑制PVC试样的初期着色和降解,使PVC的热稳定时间大幅增加,延长了PVC开始释放HCl的时间;马来酸单十二酯钙/锌的最佳复配质量比为3∶1。与添加硬脂酸钙/锌复配体系的PVC相比,相同条件下添加马来酸单十二酯钙/锌复配体系的PVC热稳定性能更优,且拉伸性能相差不大,表明制备的马来酸单十二酯钙/锌可以取代传统硬脂酸钙/锌应用于PVC体系中。     

PVC液体复合热稳定剂的制备与应用研究

以异辛酸、氢氧化钠、氢氧化镁、氢氧化钙和氧化锌为原料,白油为溶剂,二乙二醇丁醚为反应促进剂,采用固液一步法合成了异辛酸钠、异辛酸镁、异辛酸钙和异辛酸锌,然后将这4种异辛酸盐复配并用作聚氯乙烯(PVC)体系的热稳定剂。采用刚果红法、HAAKE转矩流变仪及电导率法,系统研究了复合热稳定剂中异辛酸盐的配比对PVC体系热稳定性能的影响。结果表明:三元复配体系的热稳定效果优于二元复配体系;另外在三元复配体系中,异辛酸钠/钙/锌的最佳配比为1/3/2,异辛酸镁/钙/锌的最佳配比为3/1/2。     

PVC稀土稳定剂的进展

对ＰＶＣ稀土稳定剂的开发,应用,特点以及发展前景做了详细的综述,确定稀土化合物是一种可以替代传统热稳定剂的新型热稳定剂,该稳定剂无毒,价廉,稳定效果好,制品性能优异,具有广阔的发展前景。     

水滑石类热稳定剂在聚氯乙烯中的应用研究进展

聚氯乙烯(PVC)全球三大通用树脂之一,广泛应用于国名经济诸多重要领域。但是,因结构的不稳定性,其热加工成型温度远高于其热老化脱氯化氢温度,严重制约其可加工性和应用性能,因此,在其加工过程中必须加入适量的高效热稳定剂以提高其热稳定性。水滑石类(LDHs)热稳定剂作为一种二维阴离子型层状化合物,作为一类新型高效环保型热稳定剂已引起国内外科研界和产业界的广泛关注,有望逐步替代传统有毒有害如铅盐等热稳定剂。本文简要从水滑石热稳定作用机理、主体和客体层板组成及其在PVC复合材料中分散性等方面综述了国内外研究进展,以期有助于对类水滑石热稳定剂结构的可调变性和性能提升的了解。     

环氧植物油脂的制备及应用研究进展

对植物油脂的环氧化方法进行了综述,介绍了液体酸催化、固体酸催化、相转移催化及酶催化等制备环氧植物油脂的方法,并指出了各种方法的优点以及存在的问题。同时对环氧植物油脂在聚氨酯、环氧树脂、润滑剂等高分子领域的重要应用进行了总结,并对环氧植物油脂的发展进行了展望。     

Effects of Plasticizers and Stabilizers on Thermal Stability of Polyvinyl Fluoride

The study was focused on the choosing of plasticizers and stabilizers for improving thermal stability of polyvinyl fluoride (PVF) during the thermoplastic processing. Five kinds of organic esters as plasticizers for PVF were evaluated. The results showed that dimethyl phthalate (DMP) had better compatibility with PVF and phase separation didn't occur up to a relatively high concentration level, and DMP significantly decreased the melting temperature of PVF and showed the good plasticized effect. The optimum DMP content, considering homogeneous compound, good melt fluidity, and dynamic thermal stabilization, can be determined from the melt flow index and torque measurements. Five kinds of additives as stabilizers for PVF/DMP system were evaluated by the color change during static ageing. It was found that pentaerythritol had remarkably positive effects on both thermal and color stability of PVF.     

二元羧酸稀土热稳定剂的合成和应用研究

通过双滴加法制备了一系列二元羧酸稀土盐，采用稀土离子滴定测定产物的产率，用红外光谱检测其结构，并通过刚果红法和热烘法两种热稳定试验方法研究了二元羧酸稀土盐对聚氯乙烯（PVC）的热稳定作用，并与硬脂酸稀土、二聚酸钙等热稳定剂作了比较。结果表明，二元羧酸稀土盐能有效延长PVC的热稳定时间，减缓PVC的变色速度，尤其是二聚酸镧碱式盐（Ⅱ）可使PVC刚果红变色时间长达74min，180℃热烘90min基本不变色；不同稳定剂对PVC热稳定效果的对比发现相同酸根的镧盐热稳定效果比铈盐好，己二酸的稀土盐热稳定效果差于二聚酸的铈盐，二聚酸碱式盐热稳定效果好于二聚酸正盐。     

A Comparative Study of the Properties of Selected Melon Seed Oils as Potential Candidates for Development into Commercial Edible Vegetable Oils

A comprehensive compositional and characterization study was carried out on five seed oils from varieties of the melons Citrullus lanatus and C. colocynth in order to evaluate their suitability for large-scale exploitation as edible vegetable oils. The oils were extracted by Soxhlet with a 3:1 mixture of n-hexane/2-propanol with yields that ranged from 24.8 to 30.0% (wt/wt). The refractive indices and relative densities of the oils fell within the narrow ranges of 1.465–1.469 and 0.874–0.954 g/cm³, respectively. Saponification values ranged between 182.1 and 193.8 mg KOH/g, whilst iodine values (IV) ranged from 95.8 to 124.0 (Wijs). The ranges of the values for free fatty acid (AV), 1.2–4.0 mg KOH/g, peroxide (PV), 1.1–10.9 meq/kg and p-anisidine (p-AV), 0.2–9.0, indicated that secondary oxidation products were barely present. GC analysis gave total unsaturation contents of 67.93–82.36%, with linoleic acid (18:2) being the dominant fatty acid (55.21–66.85%). The GC results agreed closely with those from proton NMR analysis of the fatty acid classes. The physicochemical and compositional properties determined in this study show that the qualities of the test Cucurbitacea seed oils are highly comparable to those of soybean, sunflower and groundnut seed oils. Therefore, the test melon seed oils could be developed into commercial products to serve as alternate vegetable oils in Southern and West Africa, the regions where these melons grow.     

水滑石类热稳定剂在PVC中应用研究进展

水滑石类热稳定剂是一类新型热稳定剂,具有无毒、廉价和高效的优点。介绍了水滑石的结构特征、对PVC的热稳定作用机理以及在PVC的应用研究进展。总结出提高热稳定剂在PVC中的分散性、与其它类型热稳定剂的复配以及规模生产工艺稳定化是未来水滑石类热稳定剂的研究方向。     

A New Green Method for the Production Polyvinylchloride Plasticizers from Fatty Acid Methyl Esters of Vegetable Oils

The current work has shown the potentials for the aerobic oxidation of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) of vegetable oils in the production of polyvinylchloride (PVC) plasticizers with the exclusion of other reagents. The reaction mixtures contain epoxidized derivatives of FAME, and esters, with the quantity of the ester groups being higher than in the initial raw material. It was established that the increase in the additional ester groups resulting from the “aerobic” Baeyer-Villiger (BV) reaction has a significantly positive influence on the plasticizing ability of the oxidized FAME mixtures for PVC when compared to the formation of epoxide compounds. The development of the technology for the production of PVC plasticizers proposed in this investigation provides an opportunity for resolving some of the environmental issues normally associated with the use of phthalate-based plasticizers.     

软质PVC交联对增塑剂迁移行为的影响

研究了软质PVC交联前后,对苯二甲酸二辛酯(A)、乙酰柠檬酸三正丁酯(B)和邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(C)三类增塑剂在40℃橄榄油浸泡环境中的迁移行为.结果表明,不管PVC是否交联,A、B、C三类增塑剂的迁移率均随浸泡时间的延长,呈总体上升趋势;在浸泡的前24 h,迁移率迅速上升,当浸泡时间超过192 h后,迁移率上升逐渐趋于平缓.PVC交联对各类增塑剂的迁移均起到了明显的抑制作用,且随着凝胶含量的增加,其抑制作用越明显;当凝胶含量为最大值、增塑剂达到最终的迁移平衡时,均能降低约30%的增塑剂迁移率.几类增塑剂中,B 增塑剂迁移率>C增塑剂迁移率>A增塑剂迁移率;PVC交联对A、B、C三类增塑剂之间迁移抑制率的影响无明显规律.     

植物油醇解制备聚氨酯水分散体

干性植物油与丙三醇发生醇解反应生成醇解物中间体，此中间体和多功能单体二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)为复合羟基组分与TDI／HDI二异氰酸酯复合组分通过逐步加成聚合，得到常温交联水性聚氨酯树脂；通过对合成单体和醇解物中间体、水性聚氨酯的红外谱图表征，最终表明合成物为目的产物，以此水性树脂液为基料配制涂料，即可得到性能优异的常温交联水性聚氨酯涂料。     

聚氯乙烯环保型增塑剂的合成及应用

聚氯乙烯中常用的环保型增塑剂主要有柠檬酸酯类增塑剂、对苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂、聚酯类增塑剂、偏苯三酸酯增塑剂、环己烷二羧酸酯类增塑剂、植物油基增塑剂等,通过了解和分析这些增塑剂的特征和合成,推进环保型增塑剂在塑料生产中的应用.     

Soybean Oil Fatty Acid Ester Estolides as Potential Plasticizers

Fatty acid ester estolides were synthesized from soybean oil and evaluated for plasticizer functionality in poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). The plasticization ability of the fatty acid ester estolides depends upon the molecular features such as polarity, molecular weight, and branching. The structure of the fatty acid derivatives was modified at the ester head group with various alcohols and the estolide branch was created at the site of unsaturation. Soy fatty acid esters of methanol, iso-butanol, 2-ethylhexanol, and glycerol were prepared to vary the size and polarity at the ester head group. Estolides of these fatty acid esters were prepared using two synthetic routes. In the first route, the fatty acid ester was condensed with an aliphatic acid at the site of unsaturation in the presence of a strong mineral acid. In the second route, the fatty acid ester double bonds were converted to epoxy groups, which were ring opened and acetylated to form acetate estolides. The first synthetic route resulted in low-average estolide content per fatty acid chain while the second route resulted in a higher estolide content per fatty acid chain. The fatty acid ester estolides compounded with PVC showed good plasticizer properties as evidenced by the rheological properties and reduction in glass transition temperature. The fatty acid ester estolides with a higher estolide content had better plasticizer functionality, comparable to commercial controls.     

聚氯乙烯稀土热稳定剂的研究进展

综述了聚氯乙烯(PVC)用稀土热稳定剂的合成、应用、特点以及机理。大量研究表明稀土化合物是一种可以替代传统热稳定剂的新型热稳定剂,该稳定剂无毒、稳定效果好,制品性能优异,具有广阔的发展前景。