Eutectic nucleation in Al-25wt.%Si alloy through DSC

Eutectic nucleation in hypereutectic Al-25wt.%Si alloy with the addition of P was studied by calculating the activation energy and nucleation work. The results indicate that P refinement, which can decrease the activation energy as well as nucleation work of eutectic solidification, can increase the eutectic nucleation frequency of Al-25wt.%Si alloy, so the addition of P can refine the eutectic structures of hypereutectic Al-Si alloys. According to the calculations, there is a certain relationship between the precipitation of primary silicon and eutectic solidifica-tion, and the eutectic nucleation mode is independent of morphology transition.     

冷却速率对Mg-Gd-Y-Zr合金凝固组织的影响

通过改变凝固过程中的冷却速率,研究了冷却速率对Mg-Gd-Y-Zr合金凝固组织与成分微观偏析的影响.随冷却速率提高,合金组织明显细化,初生相形貌由粗大等轴枝晶逐渐向细小树枝晶转变,合金凝固过程中形核率增加,合金晶粒尺寸逐渐减小;冷却速率的提高可以降低溶质元素的扩散速率,从而增加合金元素在枝晶干中的固溶度,减轻凝固过程中合金元素Gd与Y的微观偏析,同时使凝固过程中形成的共晶减少,共晶组织分布更加弥散、均匀.     

Effect of cooling rate on solidification parameters and microstructure of Al-7Si-0.3Mg-0.15Fe alloy

The effects of cooling rate on the solidification parameters and microstructure of Al-7Si-0.3Mg-0.15Fe alloy during solidification process were studied. To obtain different cooling rates, the step casting with five different thicknesses was used and the cooling rates and solidification parameters were determined by computer-aided thermal analysis method. The results show that at higher cooling rates, the primary α(Al) dendrite nucleation temperature, eutectic reaction temperature and solidus temperature shift to lower temperatures. Besides, with increasing cooling rate from 0.19 °C/s up to 6.25 °C/s, the secondary dendritic arm spacing decreases from 68 μm to 20 μm, and the primary dendritic volume fraction declines by approximately 5%. In addition, it reduces the length of Fe-bearing phase from 28 μm to 18 μm with a better uniform distribution. It is also found that high cooling rates make for modifying eutectic silicon into fibrous branched morphology, and decreasing block or lamella shape eutectic silicon.     

冷却速度对Al-3Fe合金凝固特性和微观组织的影响

采用冷却曲线测定、光学显微镜(OM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)研究了冷却速度对Al-3Fe合金凝固特性和凝固组织的影响。结果表明,在冷却速度为0.69~11.8℃/s的范围内,Al-3Fe合金的显微组织均由α-Al枝晶、初生富Fe相及枝晶间的共晶组织组成,其中富Fe相主要为Al₃Fe、Al₅Fe₂和Al₆Fe相。冷却速度对Al-3Fe合金的凝固特性和凝固组织有明显的影响。随着冷却速度的提高,合金初生相形核温度和共晶反应温度降低,合金的凝固组织明显细化。     

Sr,B添加对Al-15.5%Si合金中共晶团尺寸的影响

考察了Sr,B及Sr＋B联合作用对Al-15．5％Si（质量分数）合金中共晶团尺寸大小的影响．实验结果表明,随合金中Sr量增加,共晶团尺寸呈减少的趋势,冷却速度对共晶团的影响也很显著;在Sr变质的合金中加入B,共晶团尺寸先显著下降,随B量增加降低幅度趋于平缓;在未变质的Al-15.5％Si合金中单独加B,共晶硅由粗大的片状变为细长的层片状,层片间距明显降低．分析认为,合金中加入Sr,导致共晶过冷度增大,因而共晶团形核驱动力增大促使共晶团细化;合金中加入B,增加了共晶团有效形核基底的数量促使共晶团显著细化．     

热浸镀Zn-11Al-3Mg镀层黑点缺陷形成机理研究

目的 研究Zn-11Al-3Mg镀层黑点缺陷位置与正常位置组织特征差异,阐明黑点缺陷的形成机理,寻找导致黑点缺陷的原因,从而控制和消除黑点缺陷。方法 以工业生产的Zn-11Al-3Mg镀层钢板表面的黑点缺陷为研究对象,综合运用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、双束聚焦离子束显微镜(FIB-SEM)等,详细对比了缺陷位置和正常位置镀层显微组织的差异,分析了引起镀层组织差异的根本原因,揭示了Zn-11Al-3Mg镀层表面黑点缺陷的形成机理。结果 Zn-11Al-3Mg镀层组织由初生Al枝晶和枝晶间第二相组成,缺陷位置和正常位置枝晶间第二相显微组织存在明显差异,宏观上表现为局部黑点缺陷。缺陷位置枝晶间第二相的平均成分与原始镀液成分接近,组织为细小的颗粒状Zn/Al/MgZn₂三元组织,未出现明显的Zn/MgZn₂二元共晶;而正常位置枝晶间第二相由大量的层片状Zn/MgZn₂二元共晶及少量Zn/Al/MgZn₂三元共晶组成。造成上述镀层组织差异的根本原因是镀后凝固过程中冷却速率不均匀...     

Nb对高Ti耐候钢连续冷却后显微组织及硬度的影响

采用Gleeble热模拟试验机研究了微合金元素Nb对高Ti耐候钢奥氏体连续冷却转变行为的影响,通过光学显微镜(OM)、透射电镜(TEM)以及硬度测试等手段比较了0.050%Nb和无Nb试验钢连续冷却转变后显微组织和硬度的变化。结果表明,Nb能抑制铁素体相变,促进贝氏体相变。冷却速度由5 ℃/s提高到10 ℃/s,两种试验钢的晶粒细化效果均最显著,无Nb钢和0.050%Nb钢硬度分别增加了22 HV0.2和25 HV0.2。冷却速度为40 ℃/s时,无Nb试验钢中析出物主要为6～13 nm球形Ti(C, N)复合析出物;含Nb试验钢中主要为5～12 nm球形(Ti, Nb)(C, N)和10～15 nm方形(Ti, Nb)(C, N)复合析出物,含Nb试验钢析出物较多,因此析出强化作用更强。在高Ti耐候钢中,Nb产生的晶粒细化作用并不显著。在相同冷速下,0.050%Nb试验钢的硬度略高于无Nb试验钢,最大差值仅为11 HV0.2。     

铜基大块非晶合金的临界冷速与组织形貌变化

制备了具有良好玻璃形成能力的Cu52.5Ti30Zr11.5Ni6大块非晶合金，其临界直径达到5mm，临界冷却速率约为126．8K／s。采用Jackson-Hunt公式计算了晶化组织形成的冷却速率。当冷却速率在10K／s-120K／s时，晶化组织则出现亚稳初生相与共晶共存的形态。当冷却速率低于10K／s时，亚稳初生相的析出将被逐渐抑制，使得共晶生长方式发生改变。     

冷却速率对A357合金凝固组织的影响

以不同冷却速率铸造A357合金试样,用光学显微镜和扫描电镜(SEM)分析其凝固组织.通过不同冷却速率下的DTA试验研究了A357合金的凝固行为;采用DSC试验研究了不同冷却速率所得试样中相的变化;测定了这些试样的微观硬度.结果表明,随着冷却速率的提高,A357合金的宏观晶粒尺寸和二次枝晶臂间距减小,共晶Si相的形态更加细小,且分布愈加弥散;合金液相线温度和二元共晶的反应温度降低,三元或四元共晶反应被抑制,合金凝固组织中Mg2Si相的析出受到抑制,微观硬度明显提高.     

通过凝固冷却速率调整Zn-1Mg-(0.5Mn,0.5Ca)合金的显微组织和显微硬度

生物可降解锌基合金,特别是添加合金元素的锌-镁(Zn-Mg)合金,已获得广泛研究以改善其力学性能和腐蚀性能.由于这些性能主要依赖于合金的显微组织,因此任何评价都应该从了解影响其形成的条件开始.本研究旨在探讨凝固冷却速率对Zn-1Mg-(0.5Ca,0.5Mn)(质量分数,％)合金瞬态凝固过程中显微组织演化的影响.结果表...     

焊接熔池快速凝固过程的微观组织演化数值模拟

基于晶粒形成原理和枝晶生长动力学特点,建立了焊接熔池凝固过程中的形核、枝晶生长、溶质再分配及扩散的二维数学物理模型,对焊接熔池快速凝固过程中柱状晶向等轴晶的转变以及不同的冷却速度对这一转变过程的影响进行了模拟.结果表明,焊接熔池在快速冷却凝固过程中,溶质再分配与扩散明显;柱状晶向等轴晶转变时,熔池中心等轴晶凝固排出的溶质使柱状晶尖端浓度急剧升高,抑制了柱状晶的生长;冷却速度越大,柱状晶越容易向等轴晶转变,且转变所需时间越短.     

Effect of strontium and solidification rate on eutectic grain structure in an AI-13 wt% Si alloy

The influence of strontium addition and solidification rate on eutectic grain structure in a near-eutectic AI-Si alloy was investigated. The characteristic temperature of eutectic nucleation (TN),minimum temperature prior to recalescence (TM),and the growth temperature (TG) during cooling were determined by quantitative thermal analysis. All characteristic temperatures were found to decrease continuously with increasing Sr content and solidification rate. Microstructural analysis also revealed that the eutectic grain size decreases with increasing Sr content and solidification rate. Such eutectic grain refinement is attributed to the increased actual under-cooling ahead of the liquid/solid interface during solidification.     

F40高强船板钢组织中针状铁素体形成及细化机制研究

在Gleeble1500上对高强船板钢F40的热轧工艺进行了模拟研究,对晶粒细化机理进行了详细的分析.结果表明,对奥氏体进行两阶段的大压下量轧制,为随后的相变提供更多的形核点和大的形核驱动力,大形变能诱导碳氮化物析出,阻止再结晶后的晶粒长大,但会使相变时间提前,相变温度提高;适当增加冷速能使针状铁素体明显细化,从而获得以针状铁素体为主要组织的多相结构.     

Solute segregation in an Al2O3f／Al-4.5Cu alloy composite during solidification at different cooling rates

An Al2O3f/Al-4.5Cu composite was made by squeeze casting. The solute segregation in the composite at different cooling rates was studied. The results indicate that the primary crystal of AI-4.5Cu alloy nucleates and grows in the interstice between fibers. The fiber surface cannot serve as site for the heterogeneous nucleation of a primary dendrite. There exists an increasing Cu concentration gradient from the center of the interstice between fibers to the interface or the grain boundaries. There are the eutectic phases around the fibers. The solute segregation in the matrix increases with the cooling rate rising. The amount of eutectic phases followed by imbalance crystalline can be numerically calculated with Clyne-Kurz formula.     

深过冷Ni-21.4%Si共晶合金的凝固特性研究

对熔融玻璃净化后深过冷Ni-21.4%Si（原子分数,下同）共晶合金的凝固特性进行了实验研究,并对其均质形核过冷度进行了理论预测.结果发现,采用熔融玻璃净化可使Ni-21.4%Si共晶合金获得318 K的过冷度.理论计算表明,此过冷度达到了Ni-21.4%Si共晶合金的均质形核过冷度.Ni-21.4%Si共晶合金凝固特性与过冷度△T有关:当过冷度小于250 K时,冷却曲线有2个再辉峰,其中当过冷度小于206 K时,凝固组织由Ni3Si相和规则共晶组成,当过冷度在206 K到250 K之间时,凝固组织由α-Ni相和规则共晶组成;过冷度大于250 K后,冷却曲线只有1个再辉峰,凝固组织为反常共晶.过冷度会影响初生相Ni3Si的生长方式.随着过冷度的增大,初生相Ni₃Si的生长会由小平面生长方式转为非小平面生长方式.     

Formation mechanism of spheroidal carbide in ultra-low carbon ductile cast iron

The formation mechanism of the spheroidal carbide in the ultra-low carbon ductile cast iron fabricated by the metal mold casting technique was systematically investigated. The results demonstrated that the spheroidal carbide belonged to eutectic carbide and crystallized in the isolated eutectic liquid phase area. The formation process of the spheroidal carbide was related to the contact and the intersection between the primary dendrite and the secondary dendrite of austenite. The oxides of magnesium, rare earths and other elements can act as heterogeneous nucleation sites for the spheroidal carbide. It was also found that the amount of the spheroidal carbide would increase with an increase in carbon content. The cooling rate has an important influence on the spheroidal carbide under the same chemical composition condition.     

Cr-Ni-Cu桥梁耐候钢的连续冷却相变及其组织和硬度

为了掌握Cr-Ni-Cu桥梁耐候钢在连续冷却过程中组织及硬度的变化及其原因,借助JMatPro软件模拟计算了连续冷却转变(CCT)曲线和等温转变(TTT)曲线,采用Gleeble-3800热模拟试验机、金相显微镜、扫描电镜和硬度计等试验手段研究了Cr-Ni-Cu桥梁耐候钢在不同冷却速度下的微观组织和硬度的变化,探讨了冷却速度对组织、硬度及相变行为的影响。结果表明,对Cr-Ni-Cu桥梁耐候钢进行1050℃和860℃两阶段高温变形后,随着冷却速度由0.1℃/s增加至30℃/s,组织依次为多边形铁素体+珠光体→多边形铁素体+贝氏体→粒状贝氏体→粒状贝氏体+马氏体,硬度由155 HV0.2增加至373 HV0.2。当冷却速度由0.1℃/s增加至3℃/s,硬度的增加主要是由于多边形铁素体晶粒的细化。当冷却速度由5℃/s增加至30℃/s,硬度的增大主要来自于贝氏体组织的不断细化和马氏体含量的不断增加。     

缓冷出口温度对连续退火SPCC冷轧薄板屈服强度的影响

研究了缓冷出口温度对连续退火SPCC冷轧薄板组织和屈服强度的影响。结果表明:连续退火SPCC冷轧薄板的组织由等轴的铁素体晶粒和晶界处的块状渗碳体及晶粒内的颗粒状渗碳体组成。随着缓冷出口温度从680 ℃提高至700 ℃,平均晶粒尺寸从10.1 μm增加至12.5 μm;此外,提高缓冷出口温度还能够抑制晶界处块状渗碳体的形成,促进晶粒内细小渗碳体更加细小弥散的析出。当缓冷出口温度从680 ℃提高至700 ℃时,冷轧薄板的屈服强度约降低了28 MPa。     

冷却速率对MX246A合金组织和持久性能的影响

研究了浇注后不同的冷却速率对MX246A合金组织和持久性能的影响。结果表明,组织特征只受该组织形成时的冷速影响。冷速从30℃/min降到8℃/min时,晶粒增大,共晶γ′的体积分数从1.86%减少到0.86%,尺寸从30μm增大至50μm;冷速从30℃/min降到4℃/min时,枝晶干γ′尺寸由0.93μm增大至3.09μm,边界由平直转为圆滑,碳化物颗粒变大,数量减少;枝晶干γ′和碳化物的尺寸和形貌对高温持久性能影响较大。当冷速为30℃/min时,获得较小尺寸、边界平直的枝晶干γ′和细小弥散分布的碳化物,持久性能较好。