Hot-press sintering of MA Fe-based nanocrystalline／amorphous soft magnetic powder

Microstructures and magnetic properties of Fe84 Nb7 B9, Fe80 Ti8 B12 and Fe32 Ni36 (Nb/Ⅴ) 7 Si8 B17 powders and their bulk alloys prepared by mechanical alloying(MA) method and hot-press sintering were studied. The results show that: 1) After MA for 20 h, nanocrystalline bcc single phase supersaturated solid solution forms in Fe84-Nb7 B9 and Fe8o Ti8 B12 alloys, amorphous structure forms in Fe32 Ni36 Nb7 Si8 B17 alloy, duplex microstructure composed of nanocrystalline γ-(FeNi) supersaturated solid solution and trace content of Fe2B phase forms in Fe32 Ni36-V7 Si8 B17 alloy. 2) The decomposition process of supersaturated solid solution phases in Fe84 Nb7 B9 and Fe80 Ti8 B12alloys happens at 710 -780 ℃, crystallization reaction in Fe32 Ni36 Nb7 Si8 B17 alloy happens at 530 ℃ (the temperature of peak value) and residual amorphous crystallized further happens at 760 ℃ (the temperature of peak value), phase decomposition process of supersaturated solid solution at 780 ℃ (the temperature of peak value) and crystallization reaction at 431 ℃ (the temperature of peak value) happens in Fe32 Ni36 V7Si8B17 alloy. 3) under 900 ℃, 30 MPa,0.5 h hot-press sintering conditions, bulk alloys with high relative density(94.7%- 95.8%) can be obtained. Except that the grain size of Fe84 Nb7B9 bulk alloy is large, superfine grains (grain size 50 - 200 nm) are obtained in other alloys. Except that single phase microstructure is obtained in Fe80 Ti8B12 bulk alloy, multi-phase microstructures are obtained in other alloys. 4) The magnetic properties of Fe80 Ti8 B12 bulk alloy(Bs = 1.74 T, Hc = 4.35 kA/m) are significantly superior to those of other bulk alloys, which is related to the different phases of nanocrystalline or amorphous powder formed during hot-press sintering process and grain size.     

Stability of amorphous Al90TMxCe10—x（TM=Fe or Ni） alloys

X-ray diffraction(XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) were used to investigate the crystallization process of amorphous Al90TMxCe10-x (atom fraction in%;TM=Fe or Ni;x=3,5)alloys,Aging effects were examined by X-ray diffraction,The structure corresponding to the prepeak for the amorphous Al90Fe5Ce5 alloy is more stble than the amorphous matrix,but it is not stable for amorphous Al90Ni5Ce5 alloy during the first crystallization stage and even decomposes at room temperature,Although both Al-Ni and Al-Fe have strong chemical bonding,the cyrstallization onset temperature of amorphous Al-Fe-Ce alloys is much higher than that of amorphous Al-Ni-Ce alloys,which is likely caused by the different stability of the structure corresponding to the prepeak.The crystallization onset temperature increases as Ce/Ni ratio increases in amporphous Al90NixCe10-x alloys,whereas it decreases as Ce/Fe ratio increases in amorphous Al90FexCe10-x alloys.A better atomic packing produces as Ce content increases because of the size mismatch in Al-Ni-Ce systems and as Fe content increases because of the increasing Fe central structural units.     

Fabrication of in-situ synthesized ceramic reinforced Ni-based alloy composite coatings by reactive braze coating processing

In-situ synthesized ceramic such as TiC, Cr7C3 and Cr5B3 reinforced Ni-based alloy composite coating was fabricated on the surface of mild steel substrate by reactive braze coating processing with colloidal graphite, Cr, Ni, ferro-boron, Si and titanium powders as the raw materials at low temperature of 1 000 ℃, and a new kind of coating materials was developed. By means of SEM, EDS, XRD and surface hardness tester, the microstructures, phases, hardness and wear-resistance of the coating were analyzed, respectively. The results revealed that the coating was mainly composed of the ceramic in-situ synthesized reinforcement phases of TiC, Cr7C3 and Cr5B3 and the binder phases in-situ synthesized of Ni31Si12 and (Ni, Fe) solid solution; The ceramic reinforcement phases of TiC, Cr7C3 and Cr5B3 were randomly distributed in the binder phases of Ni31Si12 and (Ni, Fe) solid solution; The coating had about 15vol% pores and can possibly be applied as a self-lubrication coating; The coating and the substrate were integrated together by metallurgical bonding; The coating had a hardness up to 91-94HR15N.     

Effect of crystallization on corrosion resistance of Cu52.5Ti30Zr11.5Ni6 bulk amorphous alloy

The effects of crystallization on the corrosion resistance of a Cu52.5Ti30Zr11.5Ni6 bulk amorphous alloy in 1 mol/L HCI, and 6 mol/L NaOH solutions were studied. The amorphous alloy was identified by differential thermal analysis（DSC） and by X-ray diffraction（XRD）. The partially and fully crystallized alloys were prepared by controlling the annealing temperatures at 738 and 873 K for 1 and 12 min, respectively, and the corrosion resistances of those annealed alloys were compared with that of the amorphous alloy by immersion test and potentiodynamic measurements in 1 mol/L HCl and 6 mol/L NaOH solutions. The results show that the partially crystallized alloy exhibits high corrosion resistance, whereas full crystallization results in deteriorated corrosion resistance compared with that of the as-cast amorphous alloy.     

Microstructure characteristics of coating with amorphous phases prepared from Fe-based alloy powders by plasma spray

In this paper, alloy powders mixed with a molar ratio of Fe ： P ： C of 80 ： 13 ： 7 were sprayed on Q235 steel by plasma spray method to prepare coating with amorphous phases. The phase composition of the mixed alloy powders and prepared coating were characterized by X-ray diffraction （ XRD ）. The morphology and the composition cf the coating were analyzed by scanning eleetron microscopy （SEM） nnd energy dispersive apectroscopy （ EDS ）. In addition, the thermal stability ef the coating with amorphous phases was characterized by differential thermal analyzer （ DTA ）. Tile results showed that, usirtg mixed alloy powders with a molar ratio of Fe： P： C of 80：13：7, the coating containing certain amount of amorphous alloys was suceessathlly prepared through atmospheric plasma spray technique. In the coating, the main phases were determined to be Fe, FeP aad Fe2P. The crystallization of the coating started from about 461°. Tile coating was mechanically adhered to the substrate.     

Synthesis of TiAl-Al2O3 composites by high energy milling and hot-press sintering

A sub-microstructure titanium aluminide alloy/Al2O3 （3A） composite was obtained by crystallization of the amorphous powders, which were prepared by mechanical alloying （MA） in a planetary ball milling system using Ti-AI-TiO2 as raw materials. The experimental results show that, when the milling time increases up to 30 h, the hep Ti（Al） supersaturated solid solution disappears, only amorphous phase is left. The compact samples were synthesized by hot-press to 1 200 ℃ with the amorphous as a precursor; the final phases of the matrix and strengthened phase are y-TiAl and Al2O3. The phases come from in situ crystallization and transformation. The samples, fabricated from the amorphous phase by hot press sintering, have high bending strength and fracture toughness.     

Effects of Zr on crystallization kinetics of Pr—Fe—B amorphous alloys

The effects of Zr on crystallization kinetics of Pr-Fe-B amorphous alloys have been investigated by DTA and XRD methods.It was found that for Pr8Fe86-xZrxB6(x=0,1,2)amorphous alloys,the final crystallized mixture is α-Fe and Pr2Fe14B,and the metastable Pr2Fe23B3 phase occurs during crystallization of Pr8Fe86B6 amorphous alloy,not during crystallization of Pr8Fe86-xZrxB6(x=1,2)amorphous alloys,By analyzing the activation energy of crystallization,the formation of an α-Fe/Pr2Fe14B composite microstructure with a coarse grain size in annealed Pr8Fe86B6 alloy,is attributed to a difficult nucleation and an easy growth for both the α-Fe and Pr2Fe14B in the alloy.The addition of Zr can be used to change the crystallization behavior of the α-Fe phase in Pr-Fe-B amorphous alloy,which is helpful to reduce the grain size for the α-Fe phase.     

Dynamics of phase transformation of Cu-Ni-Si alloy with super-high strength and high conductivity during aging

The precipitation behaviors of the Cu-Ni-Si alloys during aging were studied by analyzing the variations of electric conductivity.The Avrami-equation of phase transformation kinetics and the Avrami-equation of electric conductivity during aging were established for Cu-Ni-Si alloys,on the basis of linear relationship between the electric conductivity and the volume fraction of precipitates,and the calculation results coincide well with the experiment ones.The transformation kinetics curves were established to characterize the aging process.The characteristics of precipitates in the supersaturated solid solution alloy aged at 723 K were established,and the results show that the precipitates areβ-Ni3Si andδ-Ni2Si phases.     

Microstructural evolution of direct chill cast Al-15.5Si-4Cu-1Mg-1Ni-0.5Cr alloy during solution treatment

Heat treatment has important influence on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Si alloys. The most common used heat treatment method for these alloys is solution treatment followed by age-hardening. This paper investigates the microstructural evolution of a direct chill (DC) cast Al-15.5Si-4Cu-1Mg-1Ni-0.5Cr alloy after solution treated at 500, 510, 520 and 530℃, respectively for different times. The major phases observed in the as-cast alloy are α-aluminum dendrite, primary Si particle, eutectic Si, Al7Cu4Ni, Al5Cu2Mg8Si6, Al15(Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu)4Si2 and Al2Cu. The Al2Cu phase dissolves completely after being solution treated for 2 h at 500℃, while the eutectic Si, Al5Cu2Mg8Si6 and Al15(Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu)4Si2 phases are insoluble. In addition, the Al7Cu4Ni phase is substituted by the Al3CuNi phase. The α-aluminum dendrite network disappears when the solution temperature is increased to 530℃. Incipient melting of the Al2Cu-rich eutectic mixture occurrs at 520℃, and melting of the Al5Cu2Mg8Si6 and Al3CuNi phases is observed at a solution temperature of 530℃. The void formation of the structure and deterioration of the mechanical properties are found in samples solution treated at 530℃.     

Synthesis and grain growth kinetics of in-situ FeAl matrix nanocomposites（ Ⅰ ）： Mechanical alloying of Fe-A1-Ti-B composite powder

Three nanocrystalline alloys, FesoAlso, Fe42.5Al42.5Ti5B10 and Fe35Al35Ti10B20 （molar fraction, %）, were synthesized from elemental powders by high-energy ball milling. The structural evolutions and morphological changes of the milled powders were characterized by X-ray diffractometry（XRD）, transmission electron microscopy（TEM） and scanning electron microscopy（SEM）. The effects of different Ti, B additions on the structure and phase transformation in these alloys were also discussed. It is observed that the diffusion of AI, Ti, B atoms into Fe lattice occurs during milling, leading to the formation of a BCC phase identified as Fe（Al） or Fe（Al, Ti, B） supersaturated solid solution. Fe-based solid solution with nanocrystalline structure is observed to be present as the only phase in all the alloy compositions after milling. Furthermore, the contents of Ti, B affect the formation of mechanical alloying products, changes in the lattice parameter as well as the grain size.     

铁基非晶及纳米晶合金在NaOH溶液中的耐蚀性比较

冶炼制备了纳米晶Fe73.5Si13.5B9Nb3Cu1和非晶带材Fe78Si13B9。在电化学工作站上测试了两种合金在不同浓度的NaOH碱溶液里的极化曲线。随着NaOH溶液浓度的不同,非晶Fe78Si13B9和纳米晶Fe73.5Si13.5B9Nb3Cu1合金极化曲线具有相似的变化规律,且纳米晶合金比非晶合金的腐蚀电位要高,耐腐蚀性要好。     

Fe基非晶合金的晶化及其在NaCl溶液中的电化学腐蚀行为

采用单辊甩带法制备出完全非晶态的Fe_(78)Si_(13)B_9和Fe_(73.5)Si_(13.5)B_9Nb_3Cu_1薄带,并利用非晶晶化退火法制备非晶和纳米晶双相合金Fe_(73.5)Si_(13.5)B_9Nb_3Cu_1薄带.利用X射线衍射仪和示差扫描量热计对该非晶薄带的非晶特性及其晶化过程进行研究,并用电化学极化曲线的方法和电化学阻抗技术对比研究非晶Fe_(78)Si_(13)B_9和双相合金Fe_(73.5)Si_(13.5)B_9Nb_3Cu_1在1 mol/L NaCl溶液里的电化学腐蚀行为,用SEM对极化测试后的试样形貌进行观察;同时还研究不同的热处理温度对材料的结构及在1 mol/L NaCl溶液里耐腐蚀性能的影响.结果表明:该非晶薄带的晶化过程分为两步;双相合金比非晶合金的耐腐蚀性要好;随着热处理温度升高,非晶合金和双相合金的耐腐蚀性能都得到提高.     

The synthesis of nanocrystalline Ni75Nb12B13 alloys by high energy ball milling of elemental components

Ni₇₅Nb₁₂B₁₃ alloys were synthesized by mechanical alloying (MA) of individual Ni, Nb and B components. X-ray investigation showed the formation of Ni (Nb, B) solid solution and amorphous phase at the intermediate stage of milling. Metastable phases formed by MA turned into Ni (Nb), Ni₂₁Nb₂B₆ and Ni₃Nb stable phases during heating up to 720 °C. The exothermal effects on DSC curves were caused with these processes. The disintegration of Ni (Nb, B) solid solution and crystallization of an amorphous phase resulted in the stable phases formation during the milling prolongation as well as after thermal treatment.     

Fe基非晶及纳米晶合金的制备和电化学腐蚀行为

分别采用单辊甩带法和非晶晶化退火法制备出非晶及纳米晶合金Fe73.5Si13.5B9Nb3Cu1;利用DSC、XRD和TEM对该非晶合金的晶化行为进行了分析;并用电化学极化曲线的方法和电化学阻抗技术研究了该非晶合金经不同温度退火后在1mol/LHCl溶液里的电化学腐蚀行为。结果表明,该非晶合金的晶化过程出现2个阶段。当退火温度为500℃时,合金尚未晶化,仍保持非晶态;当温度达到550℃时,出现了晶化衍射峰,晶粒平均直径约13nm;当温度达到600℃时,晶粒平均直径约为15nm。经过退火得到的纳米晶合金的腐蚀电位大于未退火的非晶,且阳极电流密度变得更低,表明纳米晶状态时的耐腐蚀性能比非晶状态的更好。该非晶合金未退火、550℃退火和600℃退火时的EIS均由单一容抗弧构成,具有一时间常数;且随着退火温度升高,电化学反应电荷转移电阻在增大。     

Nb对Fe-Co基合金非晶形成能力及磁性能的影响

利用铜模吸铸法制备(Fe0.5Co0.5)71-xNbxZr3Nd4B22(x=0~10)系块体合金,研究合金元素Nb的添加对该体系合金非晶形成能力(GFA)和磁性能的影响。结果表明,适当Nb的添加能有效提高合金的非晶形成能力。当Nb含量为5at%时,可获得具有完全非晶结构的块体非晶合金,该合金呈现典型的软磁性能,饱和磁化强度(Ms)为79 Am2/kg;合金的晶化温度(Tx)为957 K,晶化激活能E为538.30 kJ/mol。     

含Fe和Mn的Ni_(30)Cu_(70)固溶体团簇模型与耐蚀性研究

提出了一个极限田溶体合金的团簇模型,在此基础上优化设计了添加Fe和Mn的Ni_(30)Cu_(70)(原子分数,%)固溶体合金成分.在该模型中,固溶的Fe和Mn以Ni为第一近邻形成12配位立方八面体原子团簇(Fe_(1-x)Mn_x)Ni_(12)而分散到Cu基体中,因此极限固溶体合金成分为[M_1/_(13)Ni_(12)/_(13)]30Cu_(70)=[(Fe_(1-x)Mn_xNi_(12)]Cua_(30.3),M=(Fe_(1-x)Mn_x).采用X射线衍射和电化学腐蚀测试等方法,研究了[(Fe_(1-x)Mn_x)Ni_(12)]Cu_(30.3)合金的微观组织与耐腐蚀性能的关系.实验结果表明,对应于极限同溶体状念的[(Fe_(0.75)Mn_(0.25))Ni_(12)]Cua_(30.3)合金,在3.5%NaCl溶液中具有相对好的耐腐蚀性能.     

Nd7．5Fe85．9Nb0.25Dy0．75B5．5Cu0．1非晶合金中Nd2Fe14B相的晶化动力学

利用差示扫描热分析法（DSC）研究了非晶Nd7．5Fe85．9Nb0.25Dy0．75B5．5Cu0．1合金中Nd2Fe14B相的晶化动力学。结果表明：当非晶合金以10℃／min升温时,Nd2Fe14B的晶化峰值温度为697.93℃,晶化初期Nd2Fe14B相的晶化激活能为372．17kJ／mol,随其晶化体积分数的增加,晶化激活能逐渐减小。     

�Ǿ�Fe85.9Nb0.25Nd7.5B5.5Dy0.75 Cu0.1�Ͻ��Ц���Fe��ľ�������ѧ

 利用差示扫描热分析法(DSC)研究了非晶Fe85.9Nb0.25Nd7.5B5.5Dy0.75 Cu0.1合金中α Fe相的晶化动力学。结果表明：当非晶合金以10 ℃/min升温时,α Fe相的晶化开始温度和结束温度分别为52143 ℃和61214 ℃,晶化时间为907 min。晶化激活能和Avrami指数n随其晶化体积分数的增加而逐渐减小。     

Fe-Co-B-Si-Nb-Cr块体非晶合金在纳米压痕过程中的变形行为

利用纳米压痕技术研究直径为3 mm的{[(Fe0.6Co0.4)0.75B0.2Si0.05]0.96Nb0.04}96Cr4块体非晶合金的变形行为以及加载速率对其塑性变形行为的影响规律.结果表明:该块体非晶合金在低加载速率下表现出显著的锯齿流变,而在高的加载速率下表现为连续的塑性变形;在纳米压痕过程中,该块体非晶合金出现室温蠕变现象,且其硬度值随着加载速率的增大而减小.     

测量非晶合金激活能的新方法

介绍了一种测量非晶晶化激活能的新方法－MTGA法。分别用DSC和MTGA研究了Fe73.5Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9非晶合金的晶化动力学。结果表明,MTGA法不但比DSC法能更加详细反映出晶化动力学和相变的过程,而且用DSC和MTGA测量的α－Fe(Si)相的晶化激活能基本一致。