Chemical modification of polystyrene. V. Sulfonic acid resins from anhydride substituted polystyrene

Chemically modified polystyrenes based on the condensation of polystyrene with phthalic anhydride, trimellitic anhydride, and cis-1,2,3,6-tetrahydrophthalic anhydride have been processed into sulfonic acid cation exchange resins. The effects of variation of sulfuric acid amount and the temperature of sulfonation on the synthesis and the ion-exchange capacities of the resins have been established. The resins have finally been characterized with respect to their structures by IR and elemental analysis data. The total ion exchange capacity as well as the salt-splitting capacity and the pH-metric titration characteristics of these resins have also been determined. These resins posses better ion-exchange capacities than the conventional styrene based resins.     

Anomalous penetrant transport in glassy polymers V. Cyclohexane transport in polystyrene

Transport of liquid cyclohexane through well characterized, initially glassy, crosslinked polystyrene slabs was investigated. The samples were produced by bulk polymerization of styrene and divinyl benzene using benzoyl peroxide as an initiator at 90°C for 48 h; they had initial crosslinking ratios, X, between 0.005 and 0.025 mol DVB/mol styrene, initial thickness of 0.25 mm to 1.80 mm, and the aspect ratio was maintained above 10 to achieve one-dimensional transport. The results of cyclohexane uptake as a function of time were used to elucidate the effects of degree of crosslinking and sample geometry on the mechanisms of penetrant transport. These results were interpreted in terms of relaxational and diffusional mechanisms.     

On the U. V. Spectrum of O2−

The spectrum of O₂^? ion was measured in several media. The absorption spectra of O₂^? in KCl discs, in acetonitrile and the reflection spectrum of KO₂ showed the maximum absorption in the range of 240 mμ. Solutions of KO₂ in liquid ammonia and ethylene diamine are characterized by an absorption band in the range of 370–380 mμ. It is shown that the latter absorption was misinterpreted and is due to the nitrite ion which is formed as a by-product, rather than to the O₂^? ion.     

The U.K. legislative approach to the use of soy proteins in food

The food and drugs acts applicable within the U.K. provide a framework within which the sale of all foods is controlled. In particular the main clauses place responsibility for safety and avoidance of deception firmly on the manufacturer and seller of the food. The significance of compositional regulations, made under powers contained in the acts, is illustrated by the various meat product regulations and their relevance to the use of soy materials. Food labeling regulations also are discussed. The directions in which the laws may have to be revised to accommodate the introduction of new protein rich foods are outlined and the relevance to soy products is discussed.