工件超声振动电火花复合加工技术的研究

采用正交试验和信噪比两种分析方法,并基于BP神经网络,研究了工件超声振动电火花复合加工技术的两个重要方面:工艺参数优化和工艺预测模型。研究了间隙电压、峰值电流、脉冲宽度和脉冲间隔对表面粗糙度及加工时间的影响,得到了基于试验数据的预测模型。结果表明,对表面粗糙度影响最大的电参数是峰值电流,然后依次为间隙电压、脉冲间隔、脉冲宽度,最优参数组为间隙电压65V,峰值电流2A,脉冲宽度5μs,脉冲间隔70μs;对加工速度影响最大的电参数是峰值电流,然后依次为脉冲宽度、间隙电压、脉冲间隔,最优参数组为间隙电压65 V,峰值电流8 A,脉冲宽度50μs,脉冲间隔10μs。通过信噪比分析得到的结果与正交试验分析得到的结果基本相同,但信噪比分析的结果比正交试验分析的结果稳定性得到提高。     

基于微纳乳液的Inconel718电火花成形加工工艺实验研究

采用自制的微纳乳液作为工作液,利用电火花成形加工镍基高温合金(Inconel718),选取峰值电流、脉冲宽度、脉冲间隔及单次加工时间等参数进行十字正交试验,研究分析这些参数对电火花成形加工Inconel718的表面粗糙度和材料去除率的影响,并对比了在微纳乳液与煤油工作液中加工的工件表面微观形貌。结果表明:峰值电流对材料去除率影响显著,单次加工时间对表面粗糙度影响显著;与煤油工作液相比,采用微纳乳液进行电火花成形加工的工件表面质量更好。     

喷雾电化学放电加工难导电硬脆材料试验研究

针对传统电解电火花加工难导电硬脆材料存在的问题,提出了一种使用开槽金属轮作为一极,另一极为紧贴工件表面的进电金属片的喷雾电化学放电加工方法,对单晶硅和氧化铝陶瓷进行了试验研究,并加工出了窄槽实物。通过分析加工表面微观形貌可知,单晶硅等半导体材料主要依靠电化学腐蚀、电化学放电和化学溶解进行综合蚀除,氧化铝陶瓷等绝缘材料经电化学放电通常只能产生软化层,再由机械方法实现延性方式去除。最后研究了峰值电压、脉冲宽度、脉冲间隔、电解液浓度、开槽金属轮转速等因素对单晶硅和氧化铝陶瓷材料去除率和表面粗糙度值的影响规律。     

放电参数对线切割加工A8工具钢表面粗糙度与材料去除率的影响

A8工具钢是一种高硬度高韧性的难加工材料,常用电火花线切割来加工处理。电火花线切割加工A8工具钢实际生产过程中,表面粗糙度和材料去除率分别是加工表面质量和加工效率的重要指标,放电参数直接影响到表面粗糙度和材料去除率。在几组生产中常用的放电参数(加工电流、脉冲宽度、脉冲间隙)条件下,加工A8工具钢,分别得到每种放电参数对表面粗糙度和材料去除率的具体影响规律,结果表明:随着加工电流的增大,加工后材料表面粗糙度和材料除去率同时增大且趋势相似;随着脉冲宽度的增大,加工后材料表面粗糙度和材料除去率同时增大;随着脉冲间隙的增大,材料除去率呈递减趋势,加工后材料表面粗糙度前期递减,在脉冲间隔8μs后减小趋势放缓,在脉冲间隔10μs时达到最小值,在脉冲间隔大于10μs后略有升高,变化幅度不大。研究结果为实际生产中电火花线切割加工A8工具钢提供技术参考,可以根据不同的生产要求选择合适的放电参数组合。     

非导电工程陶瓷电火花磨削工艺规律研究

开发了一种新的非导电工程陶瓷电火花磨削工艺,采用该工艺能够将电火花放电的能量用于非导电工程陶瓷工件,对其进行电火花磨削加工.采用该方法对不导电的Al2O3工程陶瓷进行了一系列加工实验,对材料去除率、表面粗糙度的影响因素进行了研究,给出了影响规律及取得较好加工效果所需的几种非电参数的数值范围,并进行了理论分析.实验表明,大的电参数有利于材料去除率的提高.     

SiC/Al功能梯度材料的电火花加工多目标参数优化及回归分析

采用正交试验与灰色关联分析相结合的方法,对Si C质量分数为5%的Si C/Al功能梯度材料进行电火花加工工艺试验,研究了工艺参数对材料去除率、电极相对损耗率的影响,同时建立了工艺参数对材料去除率、电极相对损耗率及综合指标的多元非线性回归方程。结果表明:对综合指标的影响由主到次分别为脉冲宽度、脉冲间隔、抬刀高度、加工电压、峰值电流,优化后的加工参数为峰值电流10 A、脉冲宽度200μs、脉冲间隔50μs、加工电压50 V、抬刀高度3 mm,与参数优化前相比,材料去除率降低约5.8%、电极相对损耗率降低约51.8%。建立的回归模型可为Si C/Al功能梯度材料的电火花加工试验研究提供理论指导。     

电火花线切割加工参数对加工速度和表面粗糙度影响的研究

讨论了电火花线切割加工中影响加工速度和表面粗糙度的几个主要参数:脉冲宽度、峰值电流、脉冲间隔及工件厚度,并通过正交试验分析了加工参数对加工速度、表面粗糙度的影响关系,为科学、合理地设定电火花线切割加工参数提供了参考。     

基于信噪比和灰关联度的TC4超声混粉电火花研究

由于TC4钛合金是一种难加工材料,采用传统机械方法难以加工,采用超声混粉电火花对其进行工艺优化研究。在正交实验基础上,利用信噪比和灰关联度两种分析方法,对超声混粉电火花加工中,脉冲宽度、脉冲间隔、间隙电压、峰值电流和超声振幅对表面粗糙度、加工时间和侧面间隙的影响进行分析,从而得到最优参数组。验证实验结果表明,使用信噪比和灰关联度相结合的优化方法对于解决多目标优化问题具有积极意义,使电火花加工TC4钛合金的加工时间减小9.87%,表面粗糙度减小11.66%,侧面间隙减小7.05%。     

精细电规准对NAK80材料准镜面电火花加工表面三维幅值参数的影响

通过正交试验,研究了峰值电流、脉冲间隔、开路电压、脉冲宽度等精细电规准在不同水平下,对NAK80材料准镜面电火花加工的三维表面参数(Sa、Sq和Sz)的影响。试验结果显示,在上述因素中,峰值电流和脉冲间隔对评价指标影响较大,脉冲宽度影响最小。通过方差分析,试验选定因素对评价指标的影响均非显著,并通过信噪比获得最优的加工参数。     

基于正交试验的电火花加工工艺效果试验分析

通过正交试验分析,探讨了电火花成形加工中影响加工效果的主要因素,分别阐述了脉冲峰值电流、脉冲宽度及脉冲间隔等对加工速度、加工表面粗糙度及工具电极损耗的影响关系,对解决电火花加工实践中工艺参数优化问题具有一定的理论指导意义.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

The Mirror with Patterns of Auspicious Animals and Grapes——Exquisite cast mirror and the technology of surface tin-enrichment by rubbing-in and infiltration of tin-rich powder

<正>Bronze mirrors were used by the Chinese people before the introduction of the glass mirror.Only after it was replaced by the glass mirror did the bronze mirror gradually retreat from people's lives.Different styles of bronze mirrors were made in different historical periods,particularly in the Warring States Period,the Han and Tang Dynasties,which were the three peaks of the development of bronze mirror arts in ancient China.The casting techniques were exquisite.The surface of the bronze mirror was smooth and bright enough to reflect one's image,and there were scarcely any casting defects on the mirror surface.On the back of the bronze mirror,there were rich depictions of Arts and Humanities,and the ornamentations were also     

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress & Exhibition

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress ＆ Exhibition was held on July 22-24, 2014 at Shanghai New International Expc Centre. This exhibition was the most successful over the years, with over 6890 visitors and 155 exhibitors, and the exhibition area increased by 30% from 9,500 square meters in 2012 to 12340 square meters. Die casting enterprises from a total of 24 countries and regions, including China mainland, Chinese Taiwan and Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, Germany, India, Thailand, Malaysia, the United States, Russia, Australia, Iran, Ukraine, Brazil, Colombia, Singapore, Austria, Canada, Croatia, France, Turkey, United Kingdom, Vietnam, attended the congress and exhibition.     

Introduction of the Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology

正The Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology was set up in 1996.The researches of institute concentrate on electro-hydraulic(pneumatic)servo/proportional control and hydromechatronics.The Institute is committed to research and development of electro-hydraulic control of high-end technical equipment in ferrous metallurgy refining produc-     

RARE METALS Volume Contents

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Antimony Induced Crystallization of Amorphous Silicon

Antimony induced crystallization of PVD (physics vapor deposition) amorphous silicon can be observed on sapphire substrates. Very large crystalline regions up to several tens of micrometers can be formed. The Si diffraction patterns of the area of crystallization can be observed with TEM (transmission electron microscopy). Only a few and much smaller crystals of the order of 1μm were formed when the antimony layer was deposited by MBE (molecular beam epitaxy) compared with a layer formed by thermal evaporation. The use of high vacuum is essential in order to observe any Sb induced crystallization at all. In addition it is necessary to take measures to limit the evaporation of the antimony.     

A CUMULATIVE FATIGUE DAMAGE RULE UNDER THE ALTERNATIVE OF CORROSION OR CYCLIC LOADING

Fatigue damage increases with the applied loading cycles in a cumulative manner and the material deteriorates with the corrosion time. A cumulative fatigue damage rule under the alternative of corrosion or cyclic loading was proposed. The specimens of aluminum alloy LY12-CZ soaked in corrosive liquid for different times were tested under the constant amplitude cyclic loading to obtain S-N curves. The test was carried out to verify the proposed cumulative fatigue damage rule under the different combinations among corrosion time, loading level, and the cycle numbers. It was shown that the predicted residual fatigue lives showed a good agreement with the experimental results and the proposed rule was simple and can be easily adopted.