富氧条件Co/H-ZSM-5催化剂上CH4选择催化还原NO的研究

采用离子交换法制备了一系列具有不同硅铝比和不同Co负载量的Co/H-ZSM-5催化剂样品。富氧条件下考察了硅铝比、Co负载量、空速、O₂浓度及酸位对催化剂选择催化还原活性的影响。并对其进行了XRD、BET、H₂-TPR和DRS-UV-vis等表征。催化结果表明，催化剂的催化活性随Co负载量的增加而增加，随硅铝比的增加而减少；NO转化率随着空速的增加而降低。O₂体积分数为2%时，NO达最大转化率。表征结果表明，Co²⁺为活性中心，酸中心的存在对催化活性有一定的促进作用。     

Selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen monoxide with methane over impregnated In/HZSM-5 in the presence of excess oxygen

In/HZSM-5 catalyst prepared by the impregnation method was active for NO reduction with methane. Complete reduction of NO was obtained at 450°C over an In/HZSM-5 catalyst. The presence of oxygen in the feed greatly enhanced the NO reduction activity of In/HZSM-5. Co/HZSM-5 and Ga/HZSM-5 were less effective than In/HZSM-5. Cu/HZSM-5, In/Na-ZSM-5 and In₂O₃/Al₂O₃ were ineffective for NO reduction with CH₄. The NO reduction activity was proportional to the level of indium impregnated onto HZSM-5 but excess amounts of indium were detrimental to the catalytic activity. Phase analysis by XRD measurements demonstrated that there was a threshold value in the indium content, i.e., the maximum dispersion capacity of indium oxides. It is concluded that highly dispersed indium species are the active centers for the selective catalytic reduction of NO with CH₄.     

Nitrogen dioxide effect in the reduction of nitric oxide by propane in oxidizing atmosphere

The role of nitrogen dioxide in the selective reduction of NO by propane over a Cu-MFI zeolite is investigated. NO₂ and NO reductions were carried out under similar conditions of reaction. In the presence of oxygen, the reduction of NO by C₃H₈ does not differ significantly from that of NO₂. In the absence of oxygen, the reduction of NO₂ by propane occurs with a partial decomposition of the nitric dioxide molecule. Such a decomposition leads to the formation of oxygen, which is responsible for the increase in catalytic activity by comparison with the same reaction performed with NO. NO₂ formed and released in the gas phase during the reduction of NO by propane in the presence of oxygen does not play a predominant role in the catalytic process.     

Selective catalytic reduction of NO with propane over CoZSM-5 containing alkaline earth cations

Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of nitric oxide (NO) with propane is studied over CoZSM-5 catalysts with a series of exchanged cobalt concentrations (0.9-7.5 wt.-%). The overall activity for SCR of NO is found to increase linearly with the cobalt content in the range below the maximum exchange capacity (CoAl= 0.5). However, when the cobalt loading exceeds the exchange capacity of the zeolite, viz.CoAl 0.5, the combustion of propane is favored significantly, resulting in a decrease of the NO conversion. The presence of excess Co²⁺ in zeolite appears to bring about the marked falls in adsorption of NO. In this case cobalt oxide particles are presumed to form, which promote the oxidation of propane. Nevertheless, the addition of alkaline-earth metal cations (Ba, Ca) resulted in the suppression of propane oxidation over CoZSM-5, and improved the NO conversion dramatically.     

Microwave-assisted NO reduction by methane over Co-ZSM-5 zeolites

The microwave-assisted reduction of NO by methane in the presence of oxygen over Co-NaZSM-5, and H-ZSM-5 catalysts was studied. We demonstrated that microwave radiation at 2.45 GHz significantly enhances the catalytic conversion of NO to N₂. High conversions (>70%) of NO were achieved over both Co-NaZSM-5 and Co-HZSM-5 zeolite catalysts at temperatures 250–400 oC. Under similar conditions, thermal runs failed to show significant conversion of either NO or methane. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Mechanistic aspects of lean NO2 reduction by propane over HZSM-5

This study focuses on the mechanism of lean NO₂ reduction by propane. In particular the role of isocyanate- and amine species has been studied in transient experiments by in situ Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The results imply that these species are possible reaction intermediates over acidic HZSM-5.     

堇青石蜂窝陶瓷载CuO选择催化还原NO的研究

以堇青石蜂窝陶瓷(CC)为载体、CuO和不同助剂为活性组分，用浸渍法制备CuO/CC、CuO-NiO/CC和CuO-NiO-CeO₂/CC催化剂, 采用TPR、XRD和XPS等测试方法对催化剂进行表征。TPR结果表明，催化剂主要以Cu²⁺形式存在。采用程序升温和恒温法在固定床反应器常压条件下研究了以尿素作还原剂还原模拟汽车尾气中的NO。结果显示，CuO-NiO-CeO₂/CC催化剂在(150～350) ℃具有较高的活性，250 ℃时具有较高的转化率。     

Pd/Al2O3催化剂上CH4选择性还原NO的研究

考察了Pd/Al₂O₃、In/Al₂O₃和Co/Al₂O₃对甲烷选择性还原NO的催化活性。结果表明，采用浸渍法制备的Pd/Al₂O₃、In/Al₂O₃和Co/Al₂O₃三种催化剂，在有氧气氛下，用CH₄作还原剂催化还原NO时，Pd/Al₂O₃催化剂的活性最佳，热稳定性好，在550 ℃，用CH₄选择还原NO，Pd/Al₂O₃催化剂表现出较强的催化能力，NO的转化率达到100%。在高空速实验中，该催化剂亦表现出较高的活性，其活性顺序为Pd/Al₂O₃>In/Al₂O₃>Co/Al₂O₃。实验研究了助催化剂、氧含量以及空速对Pd/Al₂O₃催化剂活性的影响。     

交联粘土合成及其在C3H6选择性催化还原NOx中的应用研究

用不同的交联剂溶液与钠基土进行交联反应,合成了不同交联粘土(Al-PILC、Zr-PILC、Ti-PILC).以合成的交联粘土作为载体负载Cu及其它金属活性组分,考察了富氧条件下C3H6选择性还原NO反应的催化活性.与Cu/Al-PILC、Cu/Zr-PILC相比,Cu/Ti-PILC显示了很好的低温活性和较宽的活性温度范围.Cu的负载方法影响催化剂活性, 浸渍法制备的催化剂比离子交换法制备的催化剂活性好.用N2吸附等温线、孔径分布以及漫反射红外光谱研究了交联过程及活性组分的负载对交联粘土结构的影响.钠基土经TiO2交联柱撑后,孔结构和孔径分布有了很大的改变,比表面积和孔容大幅增加.负载活性组分Cu没有改变Ti-PILC的孔结构,只是减少了比表面和孔容.漫反射红外光谱研究发现,经TiO2柱撑后,粘土结构羟基减少,交联剂与粘土结构羟基发生了交联作用.     

The H2 role in the synergistic phenomenon in selective NO x reduction by propane over a mechanical mixture of oxide catalysts

The synergistic phenomenon observed in NO _x selective reduction by propane over the mechanical mixture of commercial NTK and Ni-Cr-oxide catalysts is explained by the distinctions in the reaction mechanism over the individual mixture components. Hydrogen formed over Ni-Cr-oxide catalyst in propane oxidation significantly increases the rate of interaction between surface nitrate and acetate complexes. Besides, there is an additional input made by the route of NO _x reduction over NTK in the presence of H₂.     

杂多酸改性V-Mo/Ti-W催化剂的宽温SCR脱硝性能

采用等体积浸渍法制备了一系列Keggin型杂多酸改性的V-Mo/Ti-W催化剂,并通过X射线衍射（XRD）、BET比表面分析（BET）、NH₃程序升温脱附（NH₃-TPD）、H₂程序升温还原（H₂-TPR）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）和傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）等表征方法对催化剂物化性质进行了表征分析。各项表征分析结果表明,杂多酸改性后的HPAs-V-Mo/Ti-W催化剂相比于改性前的催化剂,平均孔径尺寸更大,可抑制硫酸氢铵沉积,以提高催化剂抗硫性能;与V-Mo/Ti-W样品相比,改性后的催化剂具有更强的NH₃吸附能力、更好的还原性能和更多的化学吸附氧物种,从而表现出更优异的脱硝性能和N₂选择性。杂多酸改性后的催化剂在200~380℃温度范围内、150000h^-1高空速、高浓度SO₂和H₂O存在的模拟烟气中表现出高 NH₃-SCR活性、优异的抗SO₂性能,并保持几乎100%的N₂选择性,可作为燃煤电厂深度调峰的宽温催化剂,具备良好的工业应用价值。     

Studies of the selective reduction of nitric oxide by hydrocarbons

The selective reduction of nitric oxide with isobutane in the presence and absence of oxygen has been studied over Cu-ZSM-5-14-114 and compared to the simple decomposition reaction. In the presence of sufficient oxygen, complete combustion of the hydrocarbon was observed, whereas in its absence, acid catalysis accompanied by dehydrogenation associated with coking occurred. The effect of adding nitric oxide to the HC/He stream in the absence of oxygen was small; the conversion to nitrogen was little affected by the hydrocarbon. When oxygen was added, however, the decomposition was complete at 573 K even at high space velocities (e.g., SVH 10⁴) even though the combustion was not. Isobutane (an alkane) was more effective than C₃H₆ (an alkene) for the selective reduction; this is not generally the case. The presence of excess oxygen inhibited aging of the catalyst.     

H-USY负载MnOx催化剂上CH4选择催化还原NOx性能的研究

采用高比表面积、抗硫、抗湿的新型USY分子筛为载体制备MnOx催化剂,考察了以CH4为还原剂,在不同Mn含量MnOx催化剂上,选择性催化还原NOx的性能和有关影响因素.研究表明:5%(wt.)的Mn/H-USY具有最高的NO选择性还原活性,在500℃时NOx达最大转化率20.8%;分段填装Mn/H-USY和Ni/H-USY催化剂可显著拓宽活性温度范围,促进NO转化率(最高转化率可达24.4%),降低N2O生成量.本实验中使用傅立叶红外分析仪进行在线检测反应物与产物浓度.     

富氧条件下稀土修饰的Co/MOR催化剂上甲烷选择性催化还原一氧化氮性能

以丝光沸石分子筛(MOR)为载体,采用浸溃法制备以钴为主活性组分和稀土金属为催化剂助剂的M(1)Co(10)/MOR(M=La、Ce、Pr和Nd)系列催化剂,考察其在富氧条件下选择性催化还原NO的性能.采用XRD、热重-质谱连用系统和NH3-TPD等方法对催化剂进行表征.XRD结果表明,Co物种主要以Co3O4形式存在...     

Co-ZSM-5催化剂上烃类选择性催化还原NOx机理研究进展

烃类选择性催化还原氮氧化物可能是富氧条件下脱除汽车尾气中氮氧化物污染的有效途径。以Co-ZSM-5催化剂为例,综述了国内外有关Co-ZSM-5催化剂及其在富氧条件下烃类选择还原氮氧化物的机理研究,并将烃类选择还原氮氧化物的过程概括为以下三个步骤：(1) (NO)ad + (O₂)ad (NOy)ad ( y ≥2 );(2) (NOy)ad + (CxHy)ad …… (NCaObHc )ad;(3) (NCaObHc )ad + NO + O₂ …… N₂ + CO₂ + CO + H₂O。     

金属氧化物催化CO还原NO的研究进展

一氧化碳（CO）广泛存在于烧结/球团/焦化烟气或汽车尾气中,应用CO-选择性催化还原（SCR）技术同时脱除烟气中CO和NO是烟气治理的理想方案之一。目前,在NO-CO反应研究中较多的是贵金属催化剂,但由于其价格昂贵、高温失活、易中毒等问题难以在工业中实现应用。本文将近几年来金属氧化物催化CO还原NO的研究成果进行了系统的梳理与总结,重点介绍Fe基、Ce基、Co基、Cu基这4种金属氧化物催化剂的研究进展,分析催化剂的制备方法、掺杂助剂种类和比例、NO-CO反应条件等因素与催化活性之间的关系,总结催化剂抗水抗硫性能及可能的CO-SCR反应机理,并探讨O₂存在的条件下对催化剂活性的影响,为提高金属氧化物催化剂抗氧性研究提供理论参考。     

Dinitrogen formation over low-exchanged Cu-ZSM-5 in the selective reduction of NO by propane

The role of gaseous NO and C₃H₈ has been studied over low-exchanged Cu-ZSM-5 zeolite employing TPD, FTIR and pulse technique with the alternate introduction of NO or C₃H₈ onto the catalyst surface. The rate of the N₂ formation is directly proportional to the content of gaseous NO and the surface coverage with 2-nitrosopropane. There was no formation of N₂ during interaction of gaseous C₃H₈ with NO adsorbates. However, 2-nitrosopropane and its isomer acetone oxime were also formed in this reaction. This revised version was published online in November 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

制备条件对Cu/Al2O3 选择性催化还原NO的影响研究

考察了制备方法、活性组分负载量和焙烧温度对Cu/Al₂O₃ 选择性催化还原NO的影响。结果表明，采用溶胶-凝胶+浸渍法制备的Cu/Al₂O₃催化剂活性最好；负载Cu质量分数为15%时，催化剂的活性温域最宽，最大活性温度最低，催化活性最好；最佳焙烧温度为750 ℃。     

NO2 formation over Cu-ZSM-5 and the selective catalytic reduction of NO

The extent of the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of nitric oxide to dinitrogen in the presence of excess oxygen is enhanced by the oxygen on several zeolite-based catalysts and using different reductants. When the catalyst is Cu-ZSM-5 and the reductant is a hydrocarbon, an NO₂ intermediate has been suggested by several investigators. This work shows that at short residence times, with excess reductant and in the absence of oxygen, the NO₂ itself is reduced only back to NO. Thus, for the selective reduction of NO₂ to N₂ (N-pairing) strongly oxidizing conditions are required, same as for the complete reduction of NO. In the presence of excess oxygen the activity of Cu-ZSM-5 in the NO + O₂ reaction to form NO₂ parallels the SCR in every respect. It is higher over Cu-ZSM-5 than on Cu/Al₂O₃ or on H-ZSM-5. The coppercontaining zeolite is also active in the decomposition of NO₂ back to NO and O₂ while the other catalysts are much less active. The inhibiting effect of water on the NO + O₂ catalytic reaction is also parallel to the effect on SCR. This evidence strengthens the notion of an NO₂ intermediate.     

V2O5-MoO3/TiO2 催化剂的NOx选择性催化还原及SO2氧化活性

采用浸渍法以TiO₂为载体制备V₂O₅-MoO₃/TiO₂ 选择性催化还原催化剂,研究V₂O₅和MoO₃负载量对于催化剂选择性催化还原反应及SO₂氧化活性的影响,并考察氧含量、氨氮物质的量比和反应空速对3%V₂O₅-6%MoO₃/TiO₂催化剂选择性催化还原脱硝活性的影响。结果表明,随着催化剂中V₂O₅负载质量分数增加,V₂O₅-MoO₃/TiO₂ 催化剂的选择性催化还原活性和SO₂氧化活性均呈上升趋势。MoO₃的负载对催化剂的SO₂氧化活性有明显抑制作用。MoO₃负载质量分数超过9%,制备的催化剂既保持较高的低温选择性催化还原活性,又使选择性催化还原反应中的SO₂转化率小于1%。