170 GHz回旋管准光模式变换器的设计

针对170 GHz回旋管研究,设计了一种高效Denisov准光模式变换器,该回旋管工作在模式。模式变换器由微扰结构的辐射器和镜面系统组成。基于耦合模理论和矢量绕射理论,研究了两级微扰辐射器,优化设计了镜面系统。仿真结果显示,模式转换为高斯光束,其输出功率转换效率为93.7%。     

一种准光模式变换器的设计和实验

准光模式变换器是实现高功率回旋管高效输出的重要部件。该文针对140 GHz, TE_28,8模回旋振荡管研制,开展以Denisov型辐射器和3个准光镜面构成的准光模式变换器设计与实验研究。利用标量衍射法优化辐射器辐射口径处的场分布,其与理想高斯场之间的矢量相关性为96.2%;基于几何光学和高斯波束匹配方法设计了聚焦镜面与波束整形镜面,采用3维全波分析软件Surf3D获得各个镜面上及输出窗处的场分布,对所设计的镜面系统进行了仿真验证,在输出窗处获得了高斯模式含量为96.67%的输出波束,整个模式变换器的功率转换效率为93.98%。以自行研制的TE_28,8模激励器作为准光模式变换器的输入,通过对模式变换器转换性能仿真结果验证,在严格控制加工精度及装配和实验过程的基础上,完成了准光模式变换器转换性能的冷测实验。实验结果表明,设计和实验具有合理的一致性,可以作为准光模式变换器工程应用设计和验证手段。     

140 GHz回旋振荡管Denisov辐射器设计

根据几何光学和耦合波理论研究高功率回旋振荡管高阶模式在微扰圆波导中的准光传输特性,并编制出带有微扰结构辐射器准光模式变换系统的仿真程序,给出140 GHz回旋振荡管Denisov辐射器的设计方法及结果,分析其内部激励起的各模式的功率分布曲线和波导壁上的电流密度分布,得到扰动长度为60 mm,总长度为136.5 mm的Denisov辐射器结构,输出功率转换效率为99.1%,可满足140 GHz整管参数设计要求。并利用Feko软件对数值计算结果的可行性进行了有效验证,从而为热核聚变用回旋振荡管的研制打下技术基础。     

TE22,6模式—高斯波的准光模式转换器设计

准光模式转换器是高功率毫米波回旋管的重要组成部份,能够实现电磁波与电子注的分离、隔离波的反射,并实现回旋管的高斯波束输出。基于耦合波理论,分析设计出用于频率140 GHz、TE22.6模式回旋管的Denisov辐射器;基于几何光学理论,设计出准光反射镜面系统,并采用Feko软件进行优化。计算结果表明,所设计的准光模式转换器系统的转换效率约为97.3%,波束的高斯含量约为93.3%,达到了回旋管的应用需求。     

94 GHz回旋管准光模式变换器的数值模拟

对回旋管内置准光模式变换器进行了理论研究和数值模拟。基于几何光学理论和矢量绕射理论,编制了模拟电磁场行为的分析和优化程序,采用Vlasov辐射器和准光反射器实现了线极化准高斯模HE11。结果表明:在一级反射镜下的转换效率为88.3%,增加反射镜级数会降低转换效率。     

96GHz边廊模Denisov辐射器

介绍了采用Denisov辐射器将96 GHz边廊模式信号转换为高斯波束的设计、仿真及测试结果.基于耦合波理论给出Denisov辐射器的设计方法.根据96 GHz TE_(6,2)模式Denisov准光模式转换器结构布局的要求,优化得到Denisov辐射器,输入半径6.4 mm,长52 mm,辐射器切割边缘电流幅值为汇聚中心点的10%,输出准高斯能量转换效率达96.51%.由其组成的准光模式转换器冷测输出高斯波束束腰直径22.4 mm,矢量转换效率大于95%.     

170 GHz兆瓦级回旋管TE25,10准光模式变换器设计

为满足聚变用170 GHz回旋管高功率输出和高效率传输的要求,需将高阶工作模式TE_25,10转换为高斯波束;针对这一技术需求,完成了170 GHz、TE_25,10模式高效准光模式变换器的设计,准光模式变换器由辐射器和镜面系统组成。基于几何光学和耦合波理论,完成了Denisov型辐射器相关设计;基于矢量衍射定理和相位校正算法,设计了由一个抛物面镜面、一个准椭圆镜面及一个相位校正镜面组成的镜面系统;使用Surf3D软件对辐射器进行了优化和计算,使用三维全波仿真软件FEKO对镜面系统进行了优化和计算,主要对辐射器微扰幅值、位置分布及相位差进行了优化。所设计准光模式变换器系统的能量转换效率约为95.2%,波束在输出窗处的标量高斯含量约为97.6%,矢量高斯含量约为91.8%,达到了回旋管的应用要求。     

回旋振荡管准光模式变换器的研究与设计

设计了一种用于95 GHz边廊模回旋振荡管的内置三反射镜准光模式变换器,该模式变换器可将回旋管的高阶工作模式高效地转换为低阶高斯模式.根据基于惠更斯原理的斯特拉顿-朱（Stratton-Chu）方程和物理光学法开发了快速计算程序,利用该程序对螺旋切口辐射器的辐射场和反射镜的散射场进行了数值模拟、优化和分析.针对边廊模TE62模式,给出了辐射器和反射镜的设计参数.计算结果表明：回旋振荡管输出波束中高斯基模含量达到98%,模式变换效率达到81.5%.     

140 GHz回旋管高转换效率准光模式变换器设计研究（英文）

成功实现高转换效率的140 GHz TE22,6准光模式变换器原型设计。基于周期微扰原理设计Denisov辐射器,实现低边缘绕射的初级出射波束。针对三镜面光路系统,采用全矢物理光学积分作为主要计算手段,围绕主极化场分量进行三级相位修正面迭代优化,实现高出射高斯纯度的模式场转换,其中一级镜的修正有效改善了辐射器出射的不理想性。基于全矢数值仿真确认,相比原二次曲面原型设计,相位修正后的变换器系统的出射高斯纯度从92.7%提高到99.6%,结合98.8%以上的功率传递效率,实现了性能优越的高阶回旋管准光模式变换器原型设计。     

W波段回旋管准光模式变换器的研究

该文对W波段TE₆₂模回旋管准光模式变换器的辐射器和镜面系统进行了设计与实验验证。基于耦合模理论,采用两级微扰对辐射器进行了设计,获得了圆波导内壁上的类高斯束斑的场分布;基于惠更斯原理的矢量衍射积分理论,对准光模式变换器的镜面系统进行了优化设计,模拟与计算结果表明准光模式变换器的模式变换效率为92.3%。最后,通过热测实验,验证了输出模式为W波段类高斯模式。     

Design of a Quasi-Optical Mode Converter for a Frequency Step-Tunable Gyrotron

The quasi-optical mode converter for a frequency step-tunable gyrotron which consists of a dimpled-wall antenna (Denisov-type launcher) and a beam-forming mirror system has been optimized for 9 modes from TE_17,6 at 105 GHz to TE_23,8 at 143 GHz. The first mirror is a large quasi-elliptical focusing one; the second and third are phase-correcting mirrors with a non-quadratic shape of the surface. The results of calculations show that for these modes the Denisov-type launcher has a well-focused beam with low diffraction losses, and the radiation pattern presents an almost identical field shape for all modes considered. A multi-mode optimization of the phase-correcting mirrors with two different methods has been tested. The simulations show that the phase-correcting mirrors can be used for broadband operation in the frequency range from 105 GHz up to 143 GHz in the various design modes. This quasi-optical mode converter can achieve efficiencies of 94%-98% for converting the rotating high-order cylindrical cavity modes into the usable fundamental Gaussian mode.     

太赫兹宽带Denisov型准光模式变换器的设计分析

研究并设计了一种具有宽频带工作能力的太赫兹准光模式变换器。该准光模式变换器采用具有高效率特性的Denisov 辐射器,工作在TE_6,2模式,用于实现回旋管内的模式变换。由于Denisov 辐射器的参数是影响准光模式变换器宽带性能的主要因素,因此通过对辐射器参数的优化设计,达到增大模式变换器带宽的效果。使用自主开发的准光学模拟程序进行仿真,模式变换器中心频率为94 GHz,带宽达2 GHz。     

Investigation of a Broadband Quasi-Optical Mode Converter for a Multi-Frequency 1 MW Gyrotron

A broadband quasi-optical (QO) mode converter for a multi-frequency gyrotron has been designed and tested at Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe (FZK). The launcher is optimized for the TE_22,8 mode at 140 GHz, but the radiated beams present an almost identically focused pattern for all 9 considered modes between 105 GHz (TE_17,6) and 143 GHz (TE_23,8). Combining with a beam-forming mirror system, which consists of a quasi-elliptical mirror and two phase-correcting mirrors with non-quadratic surface contour, further calculations show that efficiencies of more than 94% have been achieved for converting the rotating high-order cylindrical cavity modes into the usable fundamental Gaussian mode. Low power (cold) measurements show a good agreement with theoretical predictions. This QO mode converter can be used for the broadband operation of a multi-frequency 1 MW gyrotron.     

Experimental Results on a 1.5 MW, 110 GHz Gyrotron with a Smooth Mirror Mode Converter

We present an internal mode converter (IMC) design for a 1.5 MW, 110 GHz gyrotron operating in the TE_22,6 mode. The launcher, designed using the codes Surf3d and LOT, converts the cavity waveguide mode into a nearly pure Gaussian beam. The Gaussian beam output from the launcher is shaped by a series of 4 smooth, curved mirrors to provide a circular output beam with a flat phase front at the gyrotron window. By employing smooth mirrors rather than mirrors with phase correcting surfaces, such an IMC is less sensitive to alignment issues and can more reliably operate with high efficiency. The IMC performance was verified by both cold test and hot test experiments. Beam pattern measurements in each case were in good agreement with theoretical predictions. The output beam was of high quality with calculations showing that the Gaussian Beam content was 95.8 ± 0.5% in both hot and cold test.     

A high-efficiency quasi-optical mode converter for a 140-GHz 1-MW CW gyrotron

A highly efficient quasi-optical mode converter system with several novel features has been designed and tested at Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe (FZK). The converter consists of a dimpled-wall waveguide launcher, one quasi-elliptical mirror and two toroidal mirrors. The coupled-mode theory has been used to analyze the operation of the prebunching waveguide launcher; the radiated fields from the cut of the launcher have been calculated by the scalar diffraction integral. Simulation results show that the advanced dimpled-wall launcher generates a well-focused Gaussian radiation pattern with low diffraction losses. In this case, toroidal mirrors are sufficient to obtain a desired output beam pattern. An efficiency of more than 98% has been achieved to convert the rotating TE/sub 28,8/ cavity mode at 140 GHz into a fundamental Gaussian beam. Experimental measurements show close agreement with theoretical predictions.     

Highly Efficient Quasi-Optical Mode Converter for a Multifrequency High-Power Gyrotron

A highly efficient quasi-optical mode converter with a bandwidth of 38 GHz has been designed and tested. The mode converter combines low-diffraction losses and a Gaussian mode content up to 97% for a set of nine modes in the range of 105 to 143 GHz for a 1-MW CW gyrotron. This was achieved using a dimpled-wall waveguide antenna (launcher), one quasi-elliptical mirror, and two toroidal mirrors. The optimization of the launcher was done using coupled-mode theory. The simulation results show a well-focused Gaussian beam for all nine operating modes. The curvature radii of the toroidal mirrors were determined by Gaussian mode transformation (ABCD-law) and subsequently optimized for a multimode operation. The simulations of the quasi-optical mode converter are based on the electric field integral equation and, thus, are 3-D. Experimental low-power measurements show close agreement with predictions.