硼酸镁晶须增强镁基复合材料高温蠕变性能

通过高温蠕变试验并对微观组织及蠕变断口形貌进行了观察,研究了硼酸镁晶须增强镁基复合材料在高温下的蠕变性能.结果表明,高温对AZ91D合金的抗蠕变性能具有很大的影响.硼酸镁晶须增强镁基复合材料在300℃、30 MPa下的蠕变寿命达到了约24 h,而基体合金只有6 h,说明硼酸镁品须对基体合金的增强作用明显.硼酸镁晶须增强镁基复合材料比基体镁合金的蠕变速率低2～3个数量级.发现了沿晶滑移和由于晶须拔出导致与基体结合的松动而产生的部分镁合金整体脱落是复合材料蠕变破坏的主要原因.     

ZnA127合金基复合材料高温蠕变性能的研究

利用HBE-750型高低温硬度仪和H-800型TEM研究了SiCp/ZA27,Al2O3p/ZA27复合材料和ZA27合金的高温蠕变性能，结果表明：随着温度升高，材料的抗蠕变性能下降，在不同温度下，SiCp/ZA27和Al2O3p/ZA27复合材料的抗蠕变性能均明显高于ZA27合金。     

Mg-Al-Cu系砂型铸造镁合金组织和性能研究

设计了Mg-Al-Cu系的3种新合金AC33，AC53和AC63。发现3种实验合金的相组成相同：δ-Mg基体＋（δ-Mg＋Mg2Al2Cu3）共晶＋（δ-Mg＋Mg17Al2＋Mg2Al2Cu3）三元共晶。实验合金的室温力学性能优良。3种实验合金在200℃，50MPa条件下的蠕变抗力明显优于AZ91C合金，其中AC53合金的抗高温蠕变性能最优。Cu从以下途径影响了Mg-xAl合金的蠕变特性：Cu的添加抑制了Mg17Al12相的析出，使合金耐热性提高。该系列实验合金单从力学性能和抗蠕变性能来看，是非常有发展潜力的。     

稀土Gd对Al_2O_(3f)/Mg-6Al-0.5Nd显微组织及蠕变性能的影响

利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、压缩蠕变装置研究稀土元素Gd对复合材料显微组织及蠕变性能的影响。结果表明,加入适当的Gd,使基体中α-Mg相得到了明显的细化,β-Mg17Al12相和Mg2Si相分布更为弥散。当Gd加入量为1.0%时,复合材料的各相分布均匀,晶粒细化效果最佳,抗蠕变性能得到了改善,蠕变应变量由未添加Gd时的4.30%减小到0.45%。     

Mg-5wt％Sn合金铸态和时效态的高温蠕变性能

通过压缩蠕变试验研究了铸态和时效态(T6)Mg-5wt%Sn合金在应力为25MPa,温度为150、175和200℃下的高温蠕变性能,并测试了室温拉伸性能.结果表明,时效处理后的压蠕变性能有很大的提高,时效态合金室温抗拉强度也有明显改善.时效态合金高温压缩蠕变性能的提高和室温强度的改善与Mg2Sn弥散析出强化有关.     

Sb对AX52合金显微组织和耐热性能的影响

通过添加Sb元素以形成存AX52基体中弥散分布的硬质颗粒,阻碍位错滑移,以进一步提高合金的抗蠕变性能.实验表明,添加Sb可以提高AX52合金的抗蠕变件能,但当w(Sb)>0.3%后,蠕变性能有所下降.     

弥散质点和SiC颗粒复合强化铝基复合材料蠕变形变与断裂

对弥散质点和SiC颗粒复合强化铝基复合材料的拉伸蠕变研究表明,复合强化铝基复合材料比单纯弥散强化的基体合金的蠕变速率低2—4个数量级：复合材料和基体合金的蠕变应力指数和蠕变激活能比纯Al的大.用门槛应力的概念对蠕变数据进行分析表明、这种复合材料蠕变是由基体晶格扩散控制的     

Mg_2Si/AM60复合材料蠕变性能的研究

采用原位合成法制备了Mg_2Si颗粒增强AM60镁基复合材料,对材料进行了高温蠕变试验.结果表明,随Mg_2Si含量的增加,复合材料的抗高温蠕变性能提高.在相同应力下,随着温度的升高,材料的抗高温蠕变性能变差,稳态蠕变速率增加.     

原位TiC颗粒增强Fe—Cr—Ni基复合材料的高温蠕变行为

在973－1123K和40－160MPa条件下研究了含5％,10％,16％（体积分数,下同）原位TiC颗粒增强的Fe-26Cr-14Ni基复合材料的高温蠕变性能,原位TiC颗粒明显改善了Fe-26Cr-14Ni基复合材料的高温蠕变性,含5％和10％TiC复合材料的抗蠕变能力比基础合金增强,随着TiC颗粒体积分数的增高,复合材料的蠕变速率降而蠕变激活能和临界应力提高,TEM显微组织观察表明,复合材料的蠕变主要是以局部位错攀移机制进行的,因此,所有蠕变速率可以由应力指数为5的指数方程经归一化处理得到。     

高压处理对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金纳米压痕蠕变性能的影响

对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金进行3 GPa压力热处理,利用纳米压痕法研究了该处理对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金纳米压痕蠕变性能的影响。结果表明:3 GPa压力处理前后Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金在室温下能发生压痕蠕变,在不同压力和时间条件下,3 GPa压力处理能减小Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金的室温蠕变量,提高合金抗蠕变能力。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。