Al-Si-Cu-Mg-Ni活塞合金热压缩变形行为研究

针对高功率柴油发动机活塞在高温下变形和烧蚀严重,导致活塞早期失效,使用寿命不能满足设计要求的问题,文中采用光学显微镜(OM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和热模拟实验机等实验仪器,研究了在不同热压缩变形参数下,Al-Si-Cu-Mg-Ni活塞合金显微组织以及流变应力的变化规律,利用Zener-Hollomon参数的双曲正弦函数来描述Al-Si-Cu-Mg-Ni活塞合金热压缩变形流变应力行为。研究结果表明:该合金在高温压缩变形过程中存在动态回复和动态再结晶现象,流变应力值随应变速率的增大而增大,随温度的升高而减少;在高温低应变速率下,组织形貌由于动态再结晶而形成完整的亚晶结构;该合金的热变形激活能Q=294.08 kJ·mol~(-1),建立了Al-Si-Cu-Mg-Ni活塞合金热压缩变形条件下的流变应力本构方程。     

Al-Mg-Si合金热压缩变形的流变应力方程

为了给制定和优化热加工工艺参数提供理论依据,采用Gleeble-1500热模拟机研究了含锆Al-Mg-Si合金在变形温度为653~803 K、变形速率为0.01~10s^-1条件下的热压缩变形的流变应力行为,并通过回归法建立材料变形的流变应力数学模型.结果表明：该合金为正应变速率敏感材料,真应力-真应变曲线存在明显的稳态流变特征;流变应力随着变形速率的增加以及变形温度的降低而增加;在较低变形温度条件下,真应力〖CDF*3〗真应变曲线为动态回复曲线;在较高变形温度条件下真应力-真应变曲线为动态再结晶曲线.该合金流变应力σ可用包含Arrhenius项的Zener Hollomon参数的函数来描述,式中A、α和n的值分别为1.89×10¹⁰s^-1、0.024MPa^-1和7.46,热变形激活能Q为166.85kJ/mol.     

GH4169合金热轧过程流变应力模型

以GH4169合金应变温度在950~1 100℃,应变速率在0.1~100.0 s-1范围的应力-应变曲线为研究对象,基于Arrhenius方程和Zener-Hollomom参数构建合金的流变应力模型,采用此模型对GH4169合金在等温等速压缩过程中变形温度、变形速率、变形程度与流变应力的关系进行数值仿真分析。结果表明,除流变失稳区域(950℃和100.0 s-1)的曲线外,在其他应变速率和温度范围,模拟所得应力-应变曲线与实测曲线取得较高的拟合精度,能较好地反映GH4169合金在不同热力学参数下的变形特征。本文构建的流变应力模型适用于合金热轧过程的基于有限元法的数值仿真分析。     

热压缩铝合金LY12流变应力的影响因素分析

采用Ｇｌｅｅｂｌｅ－１５００热力模拟机高温等温压缩实验,研究了铝合金ＬＹ１２高温塑性变形时的流变应力行为,研究结果表明,应变速率和变形温度的变化明显影响合金稳态流变应力的大小,且变形温度、应变速率、变形程序对流变应力也有一定的影响。     

Mg-9Gd-3Y合金热变形行为与本构关系

为了解决Mg-9Gd-3Y合金在热塑性变形过程中的本构关系问题,对Mg-9Gd-3Y合金进行了不同变形温度（653～753K）下采用不同应变速率（0.01～10s-1）的热压缩试验,利用载荷/位移数据建立真应力/真应变曲线和本构方程.结果表明：动态再结晶在晶界处较易发生,流变曲线显示出典型的动态再结晶特征,以及应力水平与变形温度和应变速率的关系.本构方程预测出的流变应力数据与相应的试验结果较一致.     

温度和应变速率对ZK60镁合金压缩变形行为的影响

在应变量为0.6（ε=0.6）、不同温度（523~723 K）和应变速率（0.001~10 s-1）条件下,利用Gleeble-1500D热模拟试验机,对铸态ZK60镁合金进行热压缩变形行为的研究,分析变形温度和应变速率对ZK60镁合金压缩变形行为的影响规律,即在相同应变速率条件下,随着变形温度的升高,合金的峰值应力降低。在相同温度条件下,随着应变速率的增大,合金的流变应力增大。计算其应变速率敏感指数m值为0.14和表观激活能Q值为226~254 kJ/mol。研究表明,在温度为573~673 K、应变速率为0.001~0.1 s-1时,合金发生动态再结晶。     

AZ81E镁合金的高温流变应力模型及热加工图研究

在应变速率为0．003—3．0s^-1、温度为340～430℃的变形条件下,采用Gleeble-1500热模拟机对AZ81E镁合金进行高温热压缩变形特性研究。结果表明：流变应力随变形温度的升高和应变速率的降低而减小,峰值应力随温度的降低和应变速率的升高向应变较大处转移,进入稳态阶段的临界应变明显增大。结合Arrhenius方程并引入Zener-Hollomon参数,构建AZ81E镁合金的高温流变应力模型,其平均变形激活能为166．15kJ／mol。根据材料动态模型,计算并分析AZ81E镁合金的热加工图。利用热加工图确定热变形的流变失稳区,获得试验参数范围内的热变形过程最佳工艺参数：热加工温度范围为380～420℃,应变速率范围为0．01～0．03S^-1.     

HAL62—3—3—0.7合金的高温本构方程

采用压缩试验法研究了HAL62-3-3-0.7合金的热变形规律，在不同的变形参数条件下，根据其真实σ-ε曲线拟合了可以反映HAL62-3-3-0.7合金流变应力与各变形参数之间关系的高温本构方程，研究结果表明：HAL62-3-3-0.7合金热变形的流变应力随温度的升高和应变速率的降低而减小，在变形过程中，应力很快达到高峰，而后出现软化过程，其真实σ-ε曲线趋于平缓，证明该合金在高变形速率的条件下动态再结晶过程十分明显。     

Al-1Mn-1Mg合金热变形过程中的动态软化行为研究

研究了Al-1Mn-1Mg合金不同变形下的流变应力曲线和微观结构特征,探讨了该铝材在热变形过程中的动态软化行为。结果表明,应变速率为0.1 s-1时,若变形温度较低,则发生了动态回复;若变形温度高于723 K,产生明显的动态再结晶;变形温度为673 K时,在低应变速率条件下,产生动态再结晶,应变速率高于0.1 s-1,软化过程具有动态回复和动态再结晶的混合特征。当应变速率高于5.0 s-1时,产生几何动态再结晶。     

挤压态ZK60镁合金棒材的热变形行为

采用MMS-200热力模拟试验机对挤压态ZK60镁合金棒材进行热压缩实验,为ZK60镁合金热压缩变形时合理选择参数范围提供理论指导。分析应变速率、变形温度和流变应力之间的关系;构建ZK60镁合金流变应力本构方程;采用金相显微镜观察微观组织演化规律。结果表明:峰值应力随着应变速率的提高和变形温度的降低而增大,且真应力-真应变曲线中表现出动态再结晶的特征;在给定参数下,通过本构方程计算得到ZK60镁合金的变形激活能Q为128.91kJ/mol,应力指数n为4.8519;降低变形温度、提高应变速率有助于减小再结晶晶粒的平均尺寸。     

Determination of the dynamic recrystallization kinetics model for SCM435 steel

The flow stress behavior of SCM435 steel was studied by using a MMS-200 thermal simulation machine, under the conditions with deformation temperatures of 1023–1323 K and strain rate of 0.01–10 s^?1. The experimental results indicated that the critical strain would get smaller with the increment in temperature and the decrement in strain rate, leaving the dynamic recrystallization easier to occur. The peak stress constitutive equation of SCM435 steel under high temperatures was established by the form of hyperbolic sine, and the activation energy of deformation under high temperature was obtained by regression equation. The critical strain ? _c for dynamic recrystallization was accurately derived from the θ-σ curve containing strain hardening rate θ and flow stress σ. Then the correlation between peak stress, peak strain, critical stress, critical strain and the parameter Z was further obtained. The Avrami kinetic equation of dynamic recrystallization for SCM435 steel was developed from stress-strain curve, and the Avrami exponent m was abstracted. Observations also indicated that the Avrami constants would decrease with increments in temperature, but increase with increments in strain rate. The Avrami constant took small influence from the deforming temperature, but significant influence from strain rate, and the correlation between Avrami constant and the strain rate was obtained by regression equation.     

Flow stress behavior and processing map of Al-Cu-Mg-Ag alloy during hot compression

The hot deformation behavior of Al-Cu-Mg-Ag was studied by isothermal hot compression tests in the temperature range of 573-773 K and strain rate range of 0.001-1 s^-1 on a Gleeble 1500 D thermal mechanical simulator. The results show the flow stress of Al-Cu-Mg-Ag alloy increases with strain rate and decreases after a peak value, indicating dynamic recovery and recrystallization. A hyperbolic sine relationship is found to correlate well the flow stress with the strain rate and temperature, the flow stress equation is estimated to illustrate the relation of strain rate and stress and temperature during high temperature deformation process. The processing maps exhibit two domains as optimum fields for hot deformation at different strains, including the high strain rate domain in 623-773 K and the low strain rate domain in 573-673 K.     

变形温度对细晶高强IF钢应力-应变曲线及显微组织的影响

以细晶高强IF钢为研究对象,在东北大学轧制技术及连轧自动化国家重点实验室MMS-300热力模拟实验机上,测定了在变形速率为10s^-1,真应变为0．5,变形温度分别为750、800、850、900、950、1000℃时的应力应变曲线。通过实验发现,钢的应力应变曲线为动．态回复型,不随温度而变化;流变应力随着变形温度的增加而下降;通过显微组织观察发现,随变形温度的降低,晶粒变细。     

Deformation Behavior of 6063 Aluminum Alloy During High-Speed Compression

The deformation behavior characteristics of 6063 aluminum alloy were studied experimentally by isothermal compression tests on a Gleeble- 1500 thermal-mechanical simulator. Cylindrical specimens of 14mm in height and 10mm in diameter were compressed dynamically at temperatures ranging from 473 to 723K and at higher strain rntes from 5 to 30s^-1. It is fouud that the flow curves not only depend on the strain rate and temperature but nlso on the dynamic recovery aud recrystallization behavior. The results show that the flow stress decreased with the increase of temperature, while increased with the increase of strain rate. The discontinuous dynamic recrystallization （DDRX） may take place at a high strain rate of 20s^-1 under the tested conditions. At 30s^-1 , the flow curve can exhibit,flow softening due to the effect of temperature rise that raised the temperature by aboat 32K in less than 0.05s.     

提高超塑性挤压变形速度的研究

为提高金属材料超塑应变速率，在摩擦压力机上对ＺｎＡｌ５合金进行超塑性挤压变形，探讨理想的高挤压速度和相应的超塑性温度。     

82B高碳钢热变形行为研究

采用单道次热压缩实验方法,在Thermomaster-Z型热模拟试验机上模拟高碳钢高速线材热轧变形过程动态再结晶行为,测定82B高碳钢在变形温度为800～1 100℃、变形速率为0.1～50 s-1、变形程度为0～0.60条件下的真应力-应变曲线,利用曲线特征值确定高应变速率下的变形激活能,根据实验结果分析动态再结晶变形条件,建立动态再结晶状态图。     

Dynamic Tensile Properties of Concrete under Different Environments

1 IntroductionAlot of research works have been conducted sinceAbrams observed the rate sensitivity of concrete when hecarried out compressivetestsin1917 .Virtually,most da-ta available are concentrated on the dynamic compressivestrength whereas less onthe dynamic tensionfor the rea-son of the complication and difficulty in performing dy-namic tensile tests .Some experiments were conducted toinvestigate the effect of water content onthe rate sensitivi-ty of concrete by splitting[1],others[2 ,3]…     

微合金化钢的动态再结晶及其显微组织的研究

应用Ｇｌｅｅｂｌｅ－１５００热模拟试验机测定了微合金化钢在不同终轧温度下的真应力－－真应变曲线，研究了终轧温度及微合金元素含量对动态再结晶的影响，研究结果表明，Ｖ，Ｎｂ可显著抑制微合金化钢轧制过程中形变奥氏体的动态再结晶，因此，在较高的终轧温度下，仍能得到细小而均匀的显微组织。     

平面塑性变形的剪切变形线

基于平面塑性变形的特点，提出了平面剪切变形线的概念，从而为塑性理论平面问题补充了一个新概念。剪切变形线作为平面塑性变形的一个基本物理特征，使得平面应变问题和平面应力问题的特征理论有了统一的物理解释。