水性上光油的研制

以甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)、丙烯酸丁酯(BA)、丙烯酸(AA)、丙烯腈(AN)、丙烯酰胺(AAM)、丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEA)等为单体,经预乳化和种子乳液聚合法制得水性上光油.探讨了乳液聚合反应和乳液性能的影响因素,结果表明:w(复合乳化剂)为2.0%(对乳液质量),乳化剂中m(阴离子乳化剂)∶m(非离子乳化剂)质量比为1∶2,单体质量比m(MMA)∶m(BA)∶m(AN)∶m(AA)∶m(AAM)∶m(HEA)为45∶37∶6∶4∶4∶4,86~88℃反应4h制得,该乳液用于纸张的印刷上光工艺,具有光泽度佳、光滑、耐磨等特点.     

聚氨酯改性有机硅阴离子乳液的合成及应用

以十二烷基苯磺酸为阴离子乳化剂和催化剂,脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚AEO9为非离子乳化剂,将含氨烃基偶联剂与有机硅单体进行乳液共聚,再加入聚氨酯预聚体进行改性,得到阴离子型聚氨酯改性有机硅乳液。通过红外光谱表征了产物结构,探讨了n(NCO)∶n(OH)、PPG分子质量、偶联剂KH550用量以及预聚体用量对产物性能的影响,优化工艺为:n(NCO)∶n(OH)=2.0∶1,PPG分子质量1 000,KH550用量3.5%(对D4质量),预聚体用量5%(对有机硅乳液总质量)。将该嵌段硅油应用在T/R混纺织物上,结果表明:聚氨酯改性后的有机硅阴离子乳液具有一定的防水性和优异的回弹性。     

季铵盐改性聚硅氧烷微乳液的半连续共聚法

以八甲基环四硅氧烷（D4）和甲基二乙氧基硅丙基二甲基十八烷基氯化铵（GS-18）为原料,AEO 7和AEO 9为乳化剂,十二烷基苯磺酸（DBSA）为催化剂,采用半连续乳液聚合法制备了阴离子 非离子复合型季铵盐改性聚硅氧烷(QAMP)微乳液。试验考察了催化剂DBSA含量、反应温度、预乳液滴加时间、非离子复合乳化剂（NCS）用量、D4含量和硅氧烷季铵盐含量对微乳液透光率的影响。结果表明,在一定范围内,微乳液的透光率随DBSA含量和非离子乳化剂用量的增加、反应温度的升高及预乳液滴加时间的延长而变大,随D4含量和硅氧烷季铵盐含量的增加而降低。当m(NCS)/m(D-4)和m(DBSA)/m(D4)都为0.3,聚合温度为75 ℃,预乳液的滴加时间为2 h时,可制备有机硅含量为20%,有机硅季铵盐含量1.5%（相对于D4的质量）,透光率为92%的微乳液,其对涤纶布有较好的整理效果。     

MEE对高粘度氨基硅油微乳化性能的研究

以高粘度氨基硅油为原料,选用脂肪酸甲酯乙氧基化物MEE-8和MEE-5两种非离子表面活性剂为复合乳化剂,正戊醇为助乳化剂,成功地制备了粒径小于50 nm的氨基硅油微乳液(固含量20%).讨论了各种因素对氨基硅油微乳液形成的影响,优化的条件为:乳化剂[m(MEE-8):m(MEE-5)=4∶1]用量42%(对氨基硅油质量),正戊醇用量7%(对氨基硅油质量),pH值为5.5～6.0.此氯基硅油微乳液能较好地改善织物的柔软性,且在应用过程中性能保持稳定.     

稳定的羟基硅微乳液合成及表征

以D4为原料,采用非离子型表面活性剂作乳化剂,通过连续滴加D4单体法,在十二烷基苯磺酸的催化下制得稳定的有机硅微乳液.讨论了非离子型乳化剂用量、催化剂用量及D4单体用量对乳液性能的影响,同时对合成产物进行了红外分析.实验结果表明:当乳化剂A用量为微乳液质量的1.2%,催化剂为微乳液质量的2.4%,D4单体用量为20%时,可制得稳定的有机硅微乳液,其转化率可达84.67%,粒径36.59nm,其Ca2+稳定性、机械稳定性都很好.     

稳定的羟基硅微乳液合成及表征

以D4为原料,采用非离子型表面活性剂作乳化剂,通过连续滴加D4单体法,在十二烷基苯磺酸的催化下制得稳定的有机硅微乳液。讨论了非离子型乳化剂用量、催化剂用量及D4单体用量对乳液性能的影响,同时对合成产物进行了红外分析。实验结果表明：当乳化剂A用量为微乳液质量的1.2%,催化剂为微乳液质量的2.4%,D4单体用量为20%时,可制得稳定的有机硅微乳液,其转化率可达84.67%,粒径36.59 nm,其Ca^2＋稳定性、机械稳定性都很好。     

阳离子松香/AKD中性施胶剂的制备及应用

以N甲-基吡咯烷酮（NMP）为助溶剂,丙烯酰胺（AM）、甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵（DMC）、丙烯酸十八酯（ODA）、苯乙烯（St）为单体,通过无皂乳液共聚反应合成了阳离子高分子乳化剂,并制备了阳离子松香/AKD乳液。研究了高分子乳化剂合成中AM、DMC用量对乳液稳定性的影响,乳液中松香、AKD、高分子乳化剂质量比对乳液稳定性及施胶性能的影响,以及纸浆pH值、乳液用量对施胶效果的影响。结果表明：AM用量为35%,DMC用量为15%,松香、AKD和高分子乳化剂的质量比为11∶4∶3时乳液稳定性较好。适宜的施胶条件为：采用逆向施胶工艺,松香、AKD和高分子乳化剂的质量比为11∶4∶3,纸浆pH值为6,乳液用量为1%。     

无皂苯丙共聚物/ASA乳液的制备及其施胶性能

以N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)为溶剂,通过自由基溶液聚合反应合成了阳离子高分子乳化剂,并以此制备系列ASA乳液。研究了高分子乳化剂合成中亲水性单体DMC,溶剂NMP,ASA树脂,高分子乳化剂和ASA乳液用量对其施胶性能的影响。结果表明:w(DMC)=25%、w(NMP)=40%、w(St):w(BA)=1∶1、乳化剂与ASA质量比为1/2时乳液施胶性能较好;当乳液用量为绝干浆的0.2%,硫酸铝用量为1%,助留剂阳离子PAM用量为0.2%,纸张施胶度为110s以上。     

高耐晒增进剂的乳化复配工艺优化研究

研究了1组非/非离子及3组非,阴离子型乳化剂对高耐晒增进剂的乳化效果,通过测量乳液平均粒径、钙离子、离心、储存稳定性,确定了最佳乳化复配工艺.Span80/Tween40复配体系在52℃,m(Span80)∶m(Tween40)=1∶1,分散相体积分数为10%,乳化剂用量为10g/L,加入体积分数为2%的1,2-丙二醇时,制备的高耐晒增进剂乳化效果较佳.AEO-3/AES体系在室温条件下制备乳液,m(AEO-3)∶m(AES)=5∶1,加入体积分数为3%的1,2-丙二醇,分散相体积分数为10%,乳化剂用量为10 g/L,乳液粒径比Span80/Tween40复配体系更小,操作更方便,但泡沫较多.     

无甲醛聚丙烯酸酯乳液硬挺剂的制备及性能

以丙烯酸酯、苯乙烯、双丙酮丙烯酰胺和丙烯酸为单体,采用种子乳液聚合法制备了无甲醛聚丙烯酸酯乳液硬挺剂。讨论了乳化剂用量、阴/非离子乳化剂复配比、硬单体种类、软硬单体比例和双丙酮丙烯酰胺用量对硬挺剂性能的影响。结果表明:当乳化剂用量为5%(对单体质量)、阴/非离子乳化剂复配质量比为1∶2,苯乙烯为硬单体之一,软硬单体质量比为1.0∶1.4,双丙酮丙烯酰胺用量为1.5%(对单体质量),引发剂用量为1%(对单体质量)时,制备的聚丙烯酸酯乳液稳定性良好;用于棉织物硬挺整理,可以使织物抗弯长度明显增加,且具有较好的耐洗性。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the