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1.
A low‐carbon electricity supply for Australia was simulated, and the installed capacity of the electrical grid was optimized by shifting the electricity demand of residential electric water heaters (EWHs). The load‐shifting potential of Australia was estimated for each hour of the simulation period using a nationwide aggregate EWH load model on a 90 × 110 raster grid. The electricity demand of water heaters was shifted from periods of low renewable resource and high demand to periods of high renewable resource and low demand, enabling us to effectively reduce the installed capacity requirements of a 100%‐renewable electricity grid. It was found that by shifting the EWH load by just 1 hour, the electricity demand of Australia could be met using purely renewable electricity at an installed capacity of 145 GW with a capacity factor of 30%, an electricity spillage of 20%, and a generation cost of 15.2 ¢/kWh. A breakdown of the primary energy sources used in our scenario is as follows: 43% wind, 29% concentrated solar thermal power, and 20% utility photovoltaic. Sensitivity analysis suggested that further reduction in installed capacity is possible by increasing the load‐shifting duration as well as the volume and insulation level of the EWH tank. 相似文献
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我国能源资源与需求呈逆向分布,各地区可再生能源和传统发电能源分布也不均匀,而跨区域电力交易可调动不同区域间的资源优势,实现发电能源的优化配置,为此研究跨区域交易背景下的电源规划具有重要的现实意义。以总成本最小化为目标,综合考虑地区发电资源储量与承载能力、发电资源环境效益、技术成本以及跨区域输电成本等条件,以资源储量、电量平衡等条件为约束,构建了可再生—传统电源协调规划模型,并针对不同的跨区域电力交易政策情景,运用混沌和声搜索算法对一个包含10个地区的电力系统进行模拟,验证了模型的合理性和先进性。 相似文献
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Ronita Bardhan Ramit Debnath Arnab Jana 《Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Energy and Environment》2019,8(5)
India's Intended Nationally Determined Contributions in 2015 toward the Two‐Degree Celsius climate change goal has endorsed 15% of renewable integration in the primary energy mix by 2020. The energy space is strategy to meet the target without affecting its immediate sustainable development goals. This study documents this strategic effort by tracking the historical trajectory of energy policy planning since its independence in 1947. An objective ontological approach was adopted in reviewing the evolution of energy policy into five distinct phases. Phase I (1947–1970), focused on supply adequacy with the overall thrust on infrastructure development as the pillar of Indian economy. In Phase II (the 1970s) the focus shifted in addressing the energy access crisis. Phase III (the 1980s) was based on increment, diversification, and streamlining on supplies for energy security purposes. Phase IV (the 1990s) is the period of modernization of the overall Indian electricity system. Phase V (the 2000s) is the present phase of market transformation and climate change mitigation energy policies. A co‐assessment of India's policy to the international climate negotiations showed that India remained responsive to international climate goals. It became reactive in the planning for sustainable energy policy after its ratification of Kyoto Protocol in 2001. Since then, India has been instrumental in administering strict emission reduction norms and efficiency measures. This review concludes that the country needs to upgrade its inefficient transmission and distribution networks, which was broadly neglected. The subsidy allocations in domestic energy resources should be well‐adjusted without compromising on its social costs. This article is categorized under:
- Energy and Climate > Economics and Policy
- Energy Infrastructure > Climate and Environment
- Energy Policy and Planning > Climate and Environment
4.
目前,德国和美国在能源结构转型上都已经取得了一定的成绩,不过两国选择的是两条不尽相同的典型路径。德国更关注低碳清洁转型,其转型路径主要是发展可再生能源以及淘汰核能、逐步减少煤炭使用;从效果来看,德国可再生能源占能源生产和消费结构的比重提高,碳排放量降低。美国则在关注低碳清洁转型的同时,更加关注能源安全,其转型路径既包括非常规油气的大规模开采,也关注可再生能源的前期研发;从效果来看,大大提高了美国的能源安全保障,能源对外依存度逐年下降,并减少了碳排放量。当然,两国在能源结构转型过程中也存在一些问题。德国和美国的经验告诉我们,能源结构转型需要经历一个很长的过程,当前化石能源仍占据主体地位,而技术进步是能源结构转型的根本保障。我国一方面应加强新能源(包括非常规油气)和可再生能源的开发,加大对技术研发的支持和投入力度;另一方面也要进一步加强化石能源,尤其是煤炭的清洁高效利用。另外,应充分进行前瞻性的战略规划和布局,处理好能源结构转型与经济增长、能源行业整体健康发展之间的平衡关系。 相似文献
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Ayhan Demirbas 《Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects》2013,35(6):527-536
In this work, renewable energy facilities of Turkey were investigated. Electricity is mainly produced by thermal power plants, consuming coal, lignite, natural gas, fuel oil and geothermal energy, and hydro power plants in Turkey. Turkey has no large oil and gas reserves. The main indigenous energy resources are lignite, hydro and biomass. Turkey has to adopt new, long-term energy strategies to reduce the share of fossil fuels in primary energy consumption. For these reasons, the development and use of renewable energy sources and technologies are increasingly becoming vital for sustainable economic development of Turkey. The most significant developments in renewable production are observed hydropower and geothermal energy production. Renewable electricity facilities mainly include electricity from biomass, hydropower, geothermal, and wind and solar energy sources. Biomass cogeneration is a promising method for production bioelectricity. 相似文献
6.
Kaare Sandholt 《中国能源》2012,(11):13-17
在过去10年中,欧洲的电网扩建规划发展巨大。这一发展不仅仅是由电力部门放松管制带来的电力部门所有权的变化造成的,也是由于快速引进可再生能源技术作为新的、未来的重要电源所造成的。电网规划过程成功地解决了关于欧洲电网扩建中的一些重要问题,而另外一些问题仍然没有得到解决,并且这些问题在今天看来比若干年前更具有挑战性。很明显,中国与欧洲在很多方面面对相同的挑战,加强在这些方面的合作将使双方受益。 相似文献
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随着风、光等可再生能源发电的大规模接入电网,仅靠有限火电机组的调节能力难以接纳高比例可再生能源发电,储能等人为引入的灵活性资源作用日益显著。相比于既定电源结构下的储能配置,协同规划各类电源和储能系统能够在电源规划阶段计及储能的积极作用,为达到能源政策目标确定更加合理的电源结构。本文建立的大电网储能与各类电源协同规划模型,采用双层优化思想,以全周期成本最小为目标,外层投资决策模块以能源政策为主导约束决策各类电源容量,内层生产模拟模块以弃风弃光、失负荷约束为主导约束决策各电源在各时刻运行基点,迭代得到最终规划结果。最后,以山东电网2050年长期规划为算例,结论表明储能系统在长期规划中能够替代部分仅具有调节作用的火电机组,使系统更加高效达到远期能源政策目标。 相似文献
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我国实施可再生能源发电长期保护性电价制度案例分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
依据德国购电法实施的经验,结合我国生物质发电的技术现状和发展规划,利用学习曲线法计算出价格下降率和修改频率。并据此对我国实行这种制度的具体措施提出建议,希望为这项制度在我国的应用和执行起指导作用。 相似文献
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The increased exploitation of renewable energy sources is central to any move towards sustainable development. However, casting renewable energy thus carries with it an inherent commitment to other basic tenets of sustainability: openness; democraticization etc.The implications of this commitment for the developers of renewable energy projects are significant. Moreover, a failure to apply these broader principles to the development process risks alienating the very public whose views will determine the political future of renewable energy.From recent experience of the development of wind power in the UK, it is clear that it is no longer enough just to know the future technical potential of renewable energy, or even the regulatory and/or fiscal framework that would enable that potential to be realised. Increasingly we must concentrate on the practical politics of developing renewable energy that will ensure it is accepted and embraced by the public. Drawing on UK experience, guidelines can be established for renewable energy developers such that the principles of sustainable development are as central to exploitation renewable energy as renewable energy is to sustainability. 相似文献
10.
2006年以来,中国新能源发展取得了巨大成就,但也面临新能源发展与电网发展不协调、局部地区风电消纳困难、新能源补贴拖欠等问题。“十三五”是中国新能源发展的关键时期,复制现有技术、依靠政府不断扩大补贴规模的新能源发展模式已难以为继。新能源发展需要处理好新能源经济激励政策调整、新能源与其他电源以及电网的统一规划、大型新能源基地市场消纳三大关键问题。 相似文献
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可再生能源近年来在我国和世界上都得到了迅速发展。本文在回顾世界各国可再生能源发展政策的基础上,表明政府扶植是推动可再生能源发展的根本动力,提出我国发展可再生能源需要持之以恒、循序渐进,需要技术、产业和市场协调发展的观点,并对具体的发展方向和步骤提出了建议。 相似文献
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我国农村可再生能源技术的市场化仍然面临诸多障碍,但随着可再生能源产业政策体系的完善,融资渠道的多元化和相关服务体系的建立,可再生能源技术推广的市场环境将会得到进一步改善.我国主要可再生能源技术在农村地区推广的市场化前景广阔,未来工作的关键是抓好政策制定、扩大宣传、降低成本和积极进行项目示范. 相似文献
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国内外可再生能源政策综述与进一步促进我国可再生能源发展的建议 总被引：29，自引：1，他引：29
介绍了国内外促进可再生能源发展的法律法规、价格、投资、税收、金融、进出口、产业化等方面的主要政策;指出了我国针对可再生能源发展已经建立了比较全面的优惠政策体系,但操作措施的力度尚需要加强;为此提出了制定可再生能源发电上网的若干规定、可再生能源专项基金、税收优惠和优惠贷款政策以及相应的机构能力建设的具体建议。 相似文献
15.
为优化用能效率和发展低碳电力,采用综合能源系统(IES)模式耦合电力网络和天然气网络,通过电转气(P2G)技术形成电—气—电能量闭环流动,提升电力与天然气网络间的强耦合性和IES整体供能稳定性。兼顾电—气综合能源系统的经济性与低碳性,引入碳排放机制构建IES低碳经济调度模型,首先详细阐述了IES模型架构、电转气技术、碳排放交易机制等基本理论,并对天然气网络进行建模,然后采用多场景法考虑风电出力波动,以经济成本和碳交易成本最小为优化目标,构建综合能源系统新型低碳经济优化调度模型,最后通过算例对比分析了4种不同调度方案,验证了所提模型的有效性和合理性。 相似文献
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During the period between 2001 and 2007, oil prices increased from $20 to $140 per barrel, making oil prices higher than at any period in the twenty-first century. This was invariably good in gross domestic product terms for Nigeria which most regrettably, has continued to be a monoproduct oil economy since oil production started in the 1960s, with no value addition to the crude oil export. Indeed, the country still imports refined products to meet her domestic requirements, over 50 years after the first oil wells were drilled at Oloibiri in the Niger Delta region. Nigeria's proven oil reserves are reported as 36.2 billion barrels as at the end of 2010, with an R/P ratio of 42.4 and contributing 2.7% of world oil output (http://www.bp.com/assets/bp_internet/globalbp/globalbp_uk_english/reports_and_publications/statistical_energy_review_2011/STAGING/local_assets/pdf/statistical_review_of_world_energy_full_report_2011.pdf). While estimates indicate that the world has 43.44 years left of this non-renewable resource (http://www.bp.com/liveassets/bp_internet/globalbp/globalbp_uk_english/reports_and_publications/statistical_energy_review_2008/STAGING/local_assets/2010_downloads/statistical_review_of_world_energy_full_report_2010.pdf); with all assumptions associated with such estimates, upstream resource investment continues at the exploration end, and in Nigeria, new findings are frequently being announced which make the total resource estimate to be rather dynamic, as expected. An envisaged future built on hydrogen energy is known as the hydrogen economy since it has impacts on the economy, environment and society. Hydrogen can be produced from a variety of ‘raw materials’, some of which are abundantly available in Nigeria and they include natural gas, coal, biomass, agricultural and municipal wastes, and ocean water using energy from the sun and the wind. In light of the ongoing developments in the energy sector in Nigeria, the focus of this present review is to analyse the current energy situation with a view to estimating the potentials and implications of a hydrogen economy for Nigeria. Several issues and constraints are considered such as population growth, urbanisation, the transportation sector, production of hydrogen from fossil fuels as a short-term measure to developing a hydrogen infrastructure and ultimately clean production of hydrogen from renewable energy sources. This paper describes a future hydrogen economy from a climate change perspective that is based on production processes that have zero or near zero-carbon emissions to the environment. The economic impact aspects are, however, not addressed in this work. Nonetheless, the review provides a detailed and realistic assessment of the prospects of a hydrogen economy for a future low-carbon growth path for Nigeria. 相似文献
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Wael A. Salah Mai Abuhelwa Mohammed J.K. Bashir 《Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining》2021,15(4):1095-1109
Palestine has considerable potential for bioenergy production, which can contribute to the independence of the nation's energy sector. However, few projects have been implemented for the production and utilization of bioenergy. In this study, the potential effects of using bioenergy from various sources, such as municipal solid waste, wastewater treatment plants, and animal farms are studied. Certain studies and successful projects in Palestine are evaluated. Different technologies that could be used effectively are introduced. The challenges facing the adoption of bioenergy are discussed. The effect of energy generation is studied, and an economic analysis is performed. Results show that if bioenergy is adopted in the cities of Palestine, then approximately 19% of the total energy demand can be covered. Based on successful, established projects, Palestine has promising potential to generate low-cost energy from bioresources. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd 相似文献
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阐述了我国发展可再生能源的必要性及其重要的现实意义,概述了国家对发展可再生能源的立场及其对支持可再生能源发展所实施的宏观政策、对外开放政策、经济政策及一系列的可再生能源工程,并针对实践中就政策的不足之处提出了完善的建议。 相似文献