INFLUENCE OF TRANSITION METALS OF THIRD LONG PERIOD ON THERMAL STABILITY OF PdSi_(16.5) GLASS

用DSC和DTA测定了淬火态和退火态Pd_(83.5-x)MzSo_(15.6)非晶态合金一系列热稳定性参数:T_g,T_x,T_p,T_m,T_(liq),T_(rg),玻璃转变和结晶激活能ΔE,结晶热ΔH_c,Twyman常数等。发现前过渡金属Hf,Ta,W,Re显著地提高两种状态非晶态合金的热稳定性,后过渡元素Os,Ir,Pt,Ru,Rh对热稳定性影响较小。用Gaskell模型和Engel-Brewer过渡金属电子理论解释了前、后过渡金属对PdSi_(16.5)非晶态合金热稳定性的不同影响。     

VARIATIONAL CALCULATION OF THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF SUPERCOOLED LIQUID METALS

By means of Gibbs-Bogoliubov (GB) thermodynamic variational calculation,thethermodynamic properties of the supercooled liquid metals,such as the 3rd family elementsAl,Ga and Tl and transition metal Ti were calculated using the hard-sphere (HS) system asreference.The values of mean atomic volume,Helmholtz free energy,internal energy andentropy as well as specific heat at constant volume,isothermal bulk modulus,thermal expan-sion coefficient and specfic heat under constant pressure were evaluated.The glass transitiontemperature,T_g,is easily obtained from the C_p-T plot.The glass forming ability for metalcan be predicted from T_g/T_m,which is in agreement with the experimental results.     

过冷液态金属热力学性质的变分计算SCIEI

本文用Gibbs-Bogoliubov热力学变分计算方法,以硬球(HS)体系为参考体系,对第Ⅲ族中Al,Ga,Tl及过渡金属Ti进行了过冷液态热力学性质的计算,算出平均原子体积Ω,Helmholtz自由能F,内能E及熵S,并得到等容比热c_ν;等温体弹性模量B_T,热膨胀系数α_p和等压比热c_p.从c_p-T曲线得到非晶转变温度T_g。T_r(=Tg/Tm)的理论值表明了金属形成非晶的能力,和实验结果相符。     

HEAT CAPACITIES OF Fe_（40）Ni_（40）B_（20） GLASSY ALLOY MEASURED BY ENTHALPY METHOD

ＨＥＡＴＣＡＰＡＣＩＴＩＥＳＯＦＦｅ_（４０）Ｎｉ_（４０）Ｂ_（２０）ＧＬＡＳＳＹＡＬＬＯＹＭＥＡＳＵＲＥＤＢＹＥＮＴＨＡＬＰＹＭＥＴＨＯＤ￥ＪＩＡＮＧＱｉｎｇ;ＺＨＡＯＭｉｎｇ;ＬＩＪｉａｎｃｈｅｎ（ＪｉｌｉｎＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙｏｆＴｅｃｈｎｏｌ?..     

Zr_(47)Cu_(44)Al_9大块非晶合金的变温晶化行为

利用示差扫描量热仪(DSC)研究了Zr_(47) Cu_(44)Al_9大块非晶合金在连续升温过程中的的变温晶化行为.利用Kissinger方法计算其特征温度表观激活能,利用Doyle方法计算其局域激活能.结果表明,Zr_(47) Cu_(44)Al_9大块非晶合金具有良好的热稳定性.利用Kissinger方法计算得到的其玻璃转变激活能E_g为390.2kJ/mol、晶化激活能E_x为325.1kJ/mol、晶化峰值的激活能E_p为299.5kJ/mol.随着加热速率的提高,各特征温度值向高温端移动,其晶化峰值温度所对应的晶化体积分数减小.局域激活能随着非晶晶化体积分数的增加而逐渐减小.     

APPROACH TO TRANSITION OF NON-CRYSTALLINE METAL GLASSES WITH AID OF METHOD OF POLYMER TRANSITION RESEARCH

对某些金属和类金属按一定比例在高温下熔融混合,并急速冷却,可以得到性能极为特殊的非晶态金属。我们根据高聚物转变理论,用研究高聚物的扭辫仪、线膨胀仪,再结合DSC和X射线衍射仪,对非晶态金属[Fe_(0.1)Ni_(0.35)Co_(0.55)]_(78)Si_8B_(14),[Fle_(0.1)Ni_(0.30)Co_(0.55)Mo_(0.05)]_(78)Si_8B_(14)和[Fe_(0.1)Ni_(0.30)Co_(0.55)Nb_(0.05)]_(78)Si_8B_(14)的玻璃化转变及晶化转变的自由体积、激活能、内耗与热效应等进行了研究,观测到玻璃化温度及晶化温度、玻璃化转变激活能及晶化激活能均与合金元素原子半径有关,转变时的热效应与内耗峰值有一定的对应关系。讨论了玻璃化转变及晶化转变的机理,可供设计非晶态金属时参考。     

Ti53Cu27Ni12Hf3Al7Si3B1大块金属玻璃的制备及性能研究

用单辊甩带法和铜模铸造法制备了新型Ti基大块金属玻璃Ti53Cu27Ni12Hf3Al7Si3B1.DSC、DTA研究表明该合金具有较高的热力学稳定性,其第1晶化温度Tx1、玻璃转变温度Tg、过冷液相区间ΔTx以及约化转变温度Trg分别为705、750、45、0.63 K.压缩性能研究其压缩断裂强度、弹性模量和压缩塑性变形量分别为2 304 MPa、120 GPa和1.1%.研究发现,具有复杂拓扑结构的原子配比提高了Ti53Cu15Ni18.5Al7Hf3Si3B0.5大块金属玻璃的力学性能和热力学性能.     

Cu模吸铸法制备Cu-基块体非晶合金

采用磁悬浮熔炼和Cu模吸铸工艺成功制备了圆棒Cu50Zr42Al8块体非晶合金，试样表面平滑且具有典型的金属光泽。试验制备的圆棒Cu50Zr42Al8块体非晶合金的直径尺寸小于Ф5mm，该成分的块体非晶合金具有较强的非晶形成能力，其玻璃转变温度Tg=723K，晶化温度t=773K，过冷度△T=50K，约化玻璃转变温度Trg=0.753。     

Zr55Al10Cu30Ni5-xPdx块状非晶合金的玻璃形成能力和热稳定性

用铜模铸造方法制备了不同尺寸的Zr55Al10Cu30Ni5-xPdx(x=0,1,3,5)块状非晶合金，采用X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描差热分析（DSC）和透射电镜（TEM）分别为Zr55Al10Cu30Ni5-xPdx块状非晶样品的结构、热稳定性和微观组织进行了研究。结果表明：x=1时，合金具有最高的过冷液相区（高达100K）及最大的热稳定性，而对合金的玻璃形成能力影响不大，这说明用适量的Pd代表Zr55Al10Cu30Ni5合金中的Ni会提高合金的热稳定性；x=3时，合金的热稳定性有所提高，但降低了合金的玻璃形成能力；x=5时，非晶合金的热稳定性和玻璃形成能力同时降低。     

Zr,Nb对Fe—B合金非晶形成能力的影响

根据获得高玻璃形成能力（ＧＦＡ）非晶合金的多元化理论,研究了Ｚｒ,Ｎｂ对二元Ｆｅ－Ｂ非晶合金ＧＦＡ的影响,结果表明,高Ｂ含量Ｆｅ－Ｂ非晶合金中加入适量Ｚｒ能够促进玻璃态转变,三元Ｆｅ－Ｂ－Ｚｒ非晶合金中加入少量Ｎｂ能够有效地提高其ＧＦＡ,多元化是促进非晶合金玻璃态转变和提高其ＧＦＡ的有效方法。     

Addressing Rare-Earth Element Criticality: An Example from the Aviation Industry

Rare-earth (RE) elements are enablers for a wide range of technologies, including high-strength permanent magnets, energy-efficient lighting, high-temperature thermal barrier coatings, and catalysts. While direct material substitution is difficult in many of these applications because of the specific electronic, optical, or electrochemical properties imparted by the individual rare-earth elements, we describe an example from the aviation industry where supply chain optimization may be an option. Ceramic matrix composite engine components require environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) to protect them from extreme temperatures and adverse reactions with water vapor in the hot gas path. EBC systems based on rare-earth silicates offer a unique combination of environmental resistance, thermal expansion matching, thermal conductivity, and thermal stability across the service temperature window. Several pure rare-earth silicates and solid solutions have been demonstrated in EBC applications. However, all rely on heavy rare-earth elements (HREEs) for phase stability. This article considers the possibility of using separation tailings containing a mixture of HREEs as a source material in lieu of using the high-purity HREE oxides. This option arises because the desired properties of RE-silicate EBCs derive from the average cation size rather than the electronic properties of the individual rare-earth cations. Because separation tailings have not incurred the costs associated with the final stages of separation, they offer an economical alternative to high-purity oxides for this emerging application.     

Zr57Nb5Cul5．4Nil2．6Al10大块非晶合金的晶化动力学及显微硬度

采用铜模铸造法制备直径10mm的圆柱状Zr57Nb5Cu15.4Ni12.6Al10大块非晶合金，并用X射线衍射(XRD)证明其为完全非晶态。应用示差扫描量热(DSC)分析方法测定该合金的玻璃转变的热学参量并分析其晶化过程。利用Kissinger法和Ozawa法计算了大块非晶合金表观晶化激活能。同时研究了退火温度对非晶合金显微硬度的影响。     

EFFECT OF Cu ON MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF Al-Li ALLOYS

The aging precipitation structure and the properties of Al-Li-Cu-Zr alloys with 3 differentCu/Li ratios have been studied.Experimental results show that the aging hardening of thealloys consists of two steps:The first is strengthened by δ′-phase(δ′+T_1 phase in alloyNo.3),and the second by δ′+T_1 phase(δ′+T_1+θ′phase in alloy No.3).The plate of T_1-phasecan absorb the Li atoms from δ′ particles when the plate bumped into δ′-phase,and therefore,these δ′ phase particles become smaller and gradually disappear.The strength and hardnessincrease with the increase of Cu/Li ratio and cuases a decrease in plasticity.The crack modewould change from transgranular to intergranular.This is due to the precipitation of the equi-librium phases contained Cu at grain boundaries.     

Zr43Cu50Al7块体非晶合金的结构弛豫和晶化研究

在不同加热速率下应用差示扫描量热法(DSC)研究了Zr43Cu50Al7块体非晶合金的结构弛豫现象和晶化行为,得到了满意的晶化曲线.由晶化曲线得到弛豫峰与玻璃转变温度(Tg)、晶化起始温度(Tx)和晶化峰温度(Tp).Zr43Cu50Al7非晶合金的过冷液相区ΔTx达76.2 K,具有较强的玻璃形成能力.对所得到的弛豫峰作了初步的研究,并运用Kissinger法和Deloy法分别计算出玻璃转变激活能Eg、晶化起始激活能Ec、晶化峰的激活能Ep和晶化阶段激活能Ex.结果表明Zr43Cu50Al7块体非晶合金具有良好的热稳定性.     

退火变脆Fe75Si10B15金属玻璃的脆韧性转变

研究了机械研磨对退火变脆Fe_(75)Si_(10)B_(15)金属玻璃的弛豫过程,晶化行为及脆韧性转变的影响。发现退火变脆的Fe_(75)Si_(10)B_(15)金属玻璃,经不同时间机械研磨,Curie温度T_C逐渐回落,总的弛像焓ΔH_?逐渐回升。在DSC曲线上观察到明显的玻璃转变温度T_(g_1)和一个附加的宽放热峰T_(x_1),随着研磨时间的增加,T_(x_1),T_(x_1),T_C同步降低,与T_(x_1)对应的放热面积ΔH_(x_1)逐渐增大,并在片状粒子表面形成切变带以及与其对应的剪切带,玻璃在退火过程中失掉的韧性逐渐得到恢复。     

Heavy rare earth based bulk metallic glasses with high thermal stability

We report a family of ternary Gd–Al–Co alloys based on the heavy gadolinium rare earth element can be readily cast into fully glassy rod by a conventional casting method. It is found that the bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) have much high thermal stability (i.e. high glass transition temperature and crystallization temperature) and high moduli compared with those of other known rare-earth based BMGs. It is confirmed that, in addition to the strong chemical interaction among the components, the high bulk modulus of the base component in the BMGs is dominantly responsible for the high thermal stability. The thermal stability is correlated with the bulk modulus of the base element in the rare earth based BMGs.     

Al—La—Y—Ni非晶合金的晶化行为及其对力学性能的影响

利用DSC热分析、X射线衍射及透射电镜对真空单辊旋淬法制备的四种新型Al-La—Y—Ni四元非晶合金的晶化行为及其对力学性能的影响进行了研究.结果表明:合金成分不同,其晶化行为也不同;随着合金中稀土含量的增加,其初始晶化温度(T_(xt))有提高的趋势高于T_(xt)合金的强度和韧性就急骤下降对Al_(88)La(3.5)Y_(3.5)Ni_5合金的晶化行为的研究表明,它是以初晶型结晶方式进行转变的。     

Pt-24Ir-RE合金的显微组织与性能研究

通过金相及电子显微镜技术，进行了力学和电学性能实验，研究了添加微量稀土元素La、Sm、Y对Pt-24Ir合金的组织结构与性能的影响。结果表明：稀土元素有效地细化了合金的显微组织结构，并以单质形式均匀析出和弥散分布在合金基体中，从而使合金的综合性能获得改善。     

新型稀土锆酸盐材料研究进展

稀土锆酸盐是高温热障涂层与高温固体电解质的候选材料之一,通式为Ln2Zr2O7（Ln为稀土元素）,具有烧绿石结构或缺陷型萤石结构;具有高熔点、低热导率、高热膨胀系数、高化学稳定性、相对低的传导温度、优良的离子导电性能和高辐射稳定性等特点,在诸多领域得到广泛应用。综述了目前国内外稀土锆酸盐材料的热物理性能、电学性能和力学性能方面的最新研究进展,展望了未来稀土锆酸盐材料在热障氧化物材料和固体氧化物燃料电池电解质方面的应用前景。     

DM308过渡层对可伐合金与Pyrex玻璃结合机制的影响

通过观察Pyrex玻璃与DM308玻璃化的可伐合金热处理不同时间后玻璃表面和截面形貌,以及对三者界面元素的分析,研究了DM308玻璃过渡层对Pyrex玻璃与可伐合金不匹配结合机制的影响。结果表明在Pyrex玻璃和可伐合金之间引入DM308玻璃,可以解决Pyrex玻璃和可伐合金不匹配结合的问题。热处理时间对玻璃是否开裂影响很大,随着热处理的进行,与可伐合金接触的DM308玻璃的热膨胀系数逐渐减小,必然引起可伐合金与玻璃的热膨胀系数差异增大,从而导致玻璃开裂,因而需要控制热处理时间小于30 min。