SPA-H耐候钢窄带的开发

采用“转炉→窄带”工艺路线开发生产SPA—H耐候钢带替代同品种卷板。可用于制造集装箱方矩形焊管及其它附属部件。提出了SPA—H耐候钢带的内控成分。试验表明,连铸坯中间裂纹和钢带表面质量缺陷是SPA—H耐候钢带生产中存在的主要问题,提出了相应的解决措施,并取得较好效果。     

集装箱用钢SPA—H的试制

介绍了集装箱用热轧板带SPA—H的冶炼工艺、轧制工艺、成品的实物质量及用户的使用情况，表明梅山生产的集装箱用热轧板带SPA—H性能稳定，耐腐蚀性达到国内同类企业水平，完全能够满足集装箱行业的要求。     

窄带SPA—H耐候钢转炉冶炼的开发

采用“转炉-窄带”工艺路线开发生产SPA—H耐候钢带替代同品种“电炉-窄带”。研究转炉冶炼SPA—H耐候钢带的内控成分，探讨为改善力学性能、中间裂纹而采取的工艺措施。     

SPA—H高强度耐候钢的工艺实践

唐山不锈钢有限责任公司在SPA—H高强度耐候钢生产过程中,采用转炉冶炼、LF精炼、连铸等工艺,达到了钢材的质量要求。     

耐候性结构钢SPA—H热轧中宽钢带的开发

针对唐山建龙实业有限公司的中宽带生产设备，分析了国内及国际集装箱用钢的需求，进行了耐候性结构钢,SPA—H热轧中宽钢带的开发，对其生产工艺进行了研究。     

莱钢SPA-H集装箱用热轧宽带钢生产实践

介绍了莱钢利用1500mm宽带生产线开发生产SPA—H集装箱用热轧宽带钢的工艺和产品性能,结果表明,钢的成分设计合理,产品质量稳定,具有良好的耐腐蚀性能,力学性能、表面质量及尺寸精度较好地满足了标准及用户要求。     

河北钢铁宣钢成功冶炼耐候钢

日前,河北钢铁集团宣钢炼钢厂成功冶炼16炉SPA—H耐候钢,共生产合格钢坯1760吨,为后续批量生产奠定了基础。     

涟钢成功开发出集装箱板

涟钢热轧板厂成功轧制出规格为6mm和4．5mm的SPA—H集装箱板，性能均达到JISG3125—1987标准，目前，首批集装箱板已投放市场。     

SPA-H热轧窄带钢的研制和工艺优化

介绍了天铁集团SPA—H热轧窄钢带的研制开发和生产实践，通过生产工艺优化，解决了铸坯表面凹陷、裂纹，钢带表面氧化铁皮压入、冷弯开裂和个别炉次强度偏低等一系列问题，使钢带各项性能达到用户要求。     

川威SPA -H耐候用热轧带钢研制开发

本文介绍了耐候钢( SPA - H)在我公司的成分设计及轧制工艺特点,并根据川威集团的实际制定了相应的冶炼以及轧制工艺方案;同时根据6万多吨的生产实践表明,该工艺措施能很好的满足该钢种的需要.     

Subliminal psychodynamic activation and the establishment of thresholds.

Comments on J. Balay and H. Shevrin's (see record 1988-20203-001) review of the method of subliminal psychodynamic activation (SPA), which described a number of interpretational problems that made the findings from the SPA paradigm of uncertain value. Moore describes methodological problems in the measurement of perceptual thresholds that appear in SPA as well as in other subliminal paradigms, which may be partly responsible for the inconsistent findings. Mixed findings in SPA research may reflect the fact that different investigators have inadvertently used stimuli that differ widely in their "subliminality." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Response to Balay and Shevrin: Constructive critique or misguided attack?

Comments on J. Balay and H. Shevrin's (see record 1988-20203-001) article on subliminal psychodynamic activation (SPA) and offers observations concerning (1) the perceived threat posed by SPA research to belief in subliminal perception and psychodynamic hypotheses; (2) Balay and Shevrin's view of science; and (3) errors, biased statements, and inadequate analyses of the SPA findings. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comments on the subliminal psychodynamic activation method.

Comments on J. Balay and H. Shevrin's (see record 1988-20203-001) article that expresses doubts about conclusions derived from the subliminal psychodynamic activation (SPA) method. While Balay and Shevrin cited a number of intricate mediating factors as a way of diminishing the value of the SPA method, further explication of, and control for, these factors might strengthen, rather than diminish, the utility of the method. SPA methodology and results lend confirmation to the idea that indirect and unconscious processing of information follows a different set of rules than does direct, conscious processing. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

SPA is subliminal, but is it psychodynamically activating?

Responds to comments by J. Weinberger (see record 1990-04808-001) on Balay and Shevrin's (B&S; see record 1988-20203-001) work on the subliminal psychodynamic activation (SPA) method, which, contrary to Weinberger's assertion, was not an attempt to destroy the work of L. H. Silverman (published 1974–1985) and others who have used the SPA method. Rather, B&S hoped to encourage investigators using this method to take a closer look at the theoretical assumptions underlying SPA (i.e., the generic vs specific nature of subliminal stimuli that might activate conflict-related, unconscious fantasies). Analyses are also offered of comments made by T. E. Moore (see record 1990-04745-001), M. D. Figueroa (see record 1990-04666-001), and D. K. Silverman (see record 1990-04785-001). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Evaluation of factors influencing platelet aggregation in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN)

Platelets (PLT) play an important role in hemostasis, modulation of immunological and inflammatory processes. There is also evidence that PLT takes part in the development of atherosclerosis and glomerulosclerosis. The aim of presented study was to determine morphological and functional changes of platelets and their relation to the lipid, protein and coagulation factors disturbances in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN). The studies were carried out in 60 patients with CGN diagnosed by renal biopsy: 30 patients without nephrotic syndrome (NS)-CGN and 30 patients with NS-CGN+NS. Protein and lipid disturbances, coagulation factors were estimated using routine laboratory methods. Platelet count (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV) and modal platelet volume (PLT-Mode) were measured using Technicon H1 hematological autoanalyser. Platelet function was assessed by aggregometry using turbidimetric method (inductors: ADP 1-3 microM, collagen 50g/ml, epinephrine 0.25-5 microM). Spontaneous platelet aggregation (SPA) was measured in platelet rich plasma (PRP) without inductors for 15 min, in 1-2 hours after venesection. SPA was observed in 9 of 30 patients with CGN and in 19 of 30 patients with CGN+NS. MPV and PLT Mode were significantly higher in patient showing SPA compared with those without. Significant correlations between SPA and the concentration of plasma albumin (r = -0,70; p < 0.02) TG and CH-LDL (r = 0,61; p < 0.05) were found in CGN+NS patients. APTT was significantly shorter in patients showing SPA compared with those without and negative significant correlation between SPA and APTT was found. Platelet aggregation to inductors in CGN and CGN+NS patients was diminished compared with control group. Lack of second phase aggregation in response to aggregation inducers was observed in patients with SPA. Conclusions. 1. Platelet hyperaggregation play an important role in hypercoagulation state in CGN patients. 2. SPA in vitro was observed in majority of CGN+NS patients and in some without NS. 3. Pathomechanism of SPA is probably multifactorial (hypoalbuminemia, dyslipidemia, changes in concentration of coagulation parameters).     

Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modelling of the anti-lipolytic and anti-ketotic effects of the adenosine A1-receptor agonist N6-(p-sulphophenyl)adenosine in rats

1. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate an integrated pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model for the anti-lipolytic effects of the adenosine A1-receptor agonist N6-(p-sulphophenyl)adenosine (SPA). Tissue selectivity of SPA was investigated by quantification of haemodynamic and anti-lipolytic effects in individual animals. 2. After intravenous infusion of SPA to conscious normotensive Wistar rats, arterial blood samples were drawn for determination of blood SPA concentrations, plasma non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) and beta-hydroxybutyrate levels. Blood pressure and heart rate were monitored continuously. 3. The relationship between the SPA concentrations and the NEFA lowering effect was described by the indirect suppression model. Administration of SPA at different rates and doses (60 microg kg[-1] in 5 min and 15 min, and 120 microg kg[-1] in 60 min) led to uniform pharmacodynamic parameter estimates. The averaged parameters (mean+/-s.e., n=19) were Emax: -80+/-2% (% change from baseline), EC50: 22+/-2 ng ml(-1), and Hill factor: 2.2+/-0.2. 4. In another group, given 400 microg kg(-1) SPA in 15 min, pharmacodynamic parameters for both heart rate and anti-lipolytic effect were derived within the same animal. The reduction in heart rate was directly related to blood concentration on the basis of the sigmoidal Emax model. SPA inhibited lipolysis at concentrations lower than those required for an effect on heart rate. The EC50 values (mean+/-s.e., n=6) were 131+/-31 ng ml(-1) and 20+/-3 ng ml(-1) for heart rate and NEFA lowering effect, respectively. 5. In conclusion, the relationship between blood SPA concentrations and anti-lipolytic effect was adequately described by the indirect suppression model. For SPA a 6 fold difference in potency was observed between the effects on heart rate and NEFAs, indicating some degree of tissue selectivity in vivo.     

The correlation of sperm chromatin decondensation following in vitro exposure to heparin and sperm penetration rates

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible correlation of low-dose heparin-induced decondensation of sperm chromatin with sperm concentration, motility, morphology, membrane hypoosmotic response, ejaculate volume, and the ability of sperm to penetrate zona-free hamster oocytes. METHODS: Twenty-two donors of known fertility and 105 patients undergoing evaluation at an andrology laboratory were evaluated by standard World Health Organization semen analysis techniques and a modified sperm penetration assay (SPA). An aliquot was also incubated for 60 min and Ham's F10 medium containing 50 USP/ml heparin. The percentage of sperm undergoing chromatin decondensation was evaluated and correlated to SPA rates and semen quality parameters. RESULTS: No significant correlation was observed between semen parameters and decondensation rates. A nonsignificant (P = 0.11) inverse correlation (P = -0.21) was observed between SPA rates and chromatin decondensation. Significant (P < 0.001) differences were observed in the decondensation rate of donors (3.7 +/- 0.6), patients with normal SPA rates (7.8 +/- 1.5), and patients with decreased SPA rates (21.7 +/- 1.8). The decondensation rates were significantly different (P < 0.01) between patients with a normal SPA rate and patients with a decreased SPA rate. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate a significant inverse relationship between the SPA rate, which has previously been shown to correlate highly with fertilization ability and heparin-induced sperm chromatin decondensation.     

Diversity of the blocking effects of antisperm antibodies on fertilization in human and mouse

The blocking effects of complement-dependent sperm immobilizing antibodies in the sera of infertile women and monoclonal antisperm antibodies against humans and mice on fertilization were investigated. The hemizona assay (HZA) and sperm penetration assay (SPA) were used to study the inhibitory effects of sera from 22 infertile patients positive for sperm immobilizing antibodies. Use of these tests allowed us to differentiate whether the antibody blocked sperm-zona pellucida tight binding and/or sperm penetration into the ooplasm. The zona pellucida penetration assay (ZPA) was also used to study the effects of four monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) on human sperm penetration into the zona pellucida. Seven mAbs against murine spermatozoa were tested for their inhibitory effects on in-vitro fertilization (IVF) and HZA in mice. Of 22 patient sera with sperm immobilizing antibodies, 21 (95.5%) inhibited HZA attachment and penetration, whereas this did not occur in any of 13 patient sera without these antibodies. However, 19 of 22 (86.4%) patient sera with sperm immobilizing antibodies and eight of 13 (61.5%) patient sera without these antibodies inhibited the SPA. Two (2C6, 1G12) of four mAbs against human spermatozoa showed strong inhibitory effects in all the assays (HZA, ZPA and SPA). One mAb (3B10) did not inhibit HZA but blocked ZPA and SPA. Another mAb (H6-3C4) seemed to have no inhibitory effects on fertilization. Two (Vx 5 and Vx 8) of seven mAbs against murine spermatozoa inhibited IVF in mice but did not block mouse HZA. These findings suggest that antisperm antibodies block fertilization at specific stages. Some of them may inhibit sperm capacitation and thus prevent all processes of fertilization that follow. Some other antibodies may not affect capacitation and sperm binding to zona pellucida but inhibit the acrosome reaction, followed by the blocking of sperm penetration through zona pellucida and ooplasm.     

Effect of lysoplatelet-activating factor on human sperm fertilizing ability

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the penetration rates in the hamster zona-free oocyte sperm penetration assay (SPA) after exposure of spermatozoa to lysoplatelet-activating factor (LPAF) and lysophosphatidyl choline (LPC). DESIGN: Washed human spermatozoa were exposed to 100 microM of LPAF or LPC, followed by the assessment of their fertilizing ability using the SPA. The percentage of penetration, the sperm binding in the SPA, the percentage of motile spermatozoa, and the acrosome reaction rates were quantified. SETTING: Private research and university laboratories. PATIENTS, PARTICIPANTS: Fresh and frozen semen samples from fertile donors with proven fertility were used as well as fresh semen from infertile patients attending a fertility clinic. All the infertile patients had abnormal semen analysis. INTERVENTIONS: Human spermatozoa were incubated for 90 minutes in the presence or absence of LPAF or LPC at 100 microM with 0.3% albumin in Ham's F-10 (GIBCO, Dorval, Quebec, Canada), and their fertilizing ability was evaluated using the SPA. The effect of these lysophospholipids on the percentage of acrosome reaction was evaluated with a fluorescent microscopy technique. RESULTS: The penetration rates of the SPA in male factor increased significantly from 3% +/- 6% with controls to 19% +/- 9% and 34% +/- 22% after incubation with LPC and LPAF, respectively. Sperm-oocyte binding was not significantly increased in this group. Sperm penetration assay penetration rates were also increased in fertile cryopreserved spermatozoa with LPC and LPAF. In this group, the acrosome reaction was significantly increased from 2% +/- 1% in controls to 10% +/- 6% and 8% +/- 3% after incubation with LPC and LPAF, respectively. CONCLUSION: Lysoplatelet-activating factor and LPC independently increased the penetration rate of spermatozoa and the percentage of acrosome reaction. Lysophosphatidylcholine and LPAF may be beneficial in the treatment of spermatozoa with male factor infertility and may increase fertilization rates in IVF.     

Antibiotic susceptibility of campylobacter isolates from sewage and poultry abattoir drain water

In this study, the in vitro susceptibility of 209 campylobacter strains to the quinolones nalidixic acid, flumequine, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, and to ampicillin, tetracycline and erythromycin was tested by the disk diffusion method. The strains were isolated from poultry abattoir effluent (DWA) and two sewage purification plants (SPA and SPB). Sewage purification plant SPA received mixed sewage, including that from a poultry abattoir, whereas SPB did not receive sewage from any meat-processing industry. The quinolone resistance of the DWA isolates ranged from 28% for enrofloxacin to 50% for nalidixic acid. The strains isolated from the sewage purification plants were more susceptible to the quinolones with a range of 11-18% quinolone resistance for SPB isolates to 17-33% quinolone resistance for SPA isolates. The susceptibility criteria as recommended by National Committee Clinical Laboratory Standards (USA) cannot readily be employed for campylobacter isolates. This investigation shows that the resistance of campylobacter bacteria is highest in the plant receiving sewage from a poultry slaughterhouse. Monitoring of antibiotic resistance of aquatic Campylobacter spp. is important, as surface waters are recognized as possible sources of infection.