基于Saber的反激式开关电源的仿真研究

反激式开关电源因成本低、外围元器件少、可宽电压范围输入能耗小、支持多组输出而备受欢迎,但因输出电压纹波大而严重影响其工作性能。从反激式开关电源的工作原理出发,采用反激式开关电源输出端增加输出滤波电路的方法,解决反激式开关电源输出电压纹波大的问题。运用Saber仿真软件分别对普通反激式开关电源和增加 输出滤波电路的反激式开关电源进行建模和仿真。试验仿真对比表明,通过该方法可改善反激式开关电源的输出电压纹波,提高了反激式开关电源的工作性能。     

一种高效率大电流的DC-DC降压电源设计

设计了一款宽输入电压、高效率、低纹波的直流-直流(DC-DC)稳压电源。该稳压电源输入电压范围为15V~25V,输出电压5V,最大输出电流2A,且瞬态响应速度快、纹波电压小,电路设计简单、体积小。根据开关电源原理,通过计算的方式选择了电感、输入输出电容、开关管参数,为简化设计并提高性能合理选择了控制电路。自制PCB并调试,通过测试来验证理论设计。     

一种峰值电流模两相交错Buck转换器

提出了一种降压型两相交错直流转换器。与传统单相转换器相比,该两相转换器具有输出纹波低、瞬态响应快、重载效率高等特性,适合为多核处理器供电。采用峰值电流模式,基于公共电压反馈回路及峰值电流信息,实现两相支路电流的均衡。依据负载电流范围自动选择运行支路个数,保证转换器在整个负载范围内具有高转换效率。基于TSMC 0.18 μm工艺进行设计,电源电压范围为2.7~5 V,支持330 nH~1 μH的小封装电感,最大电流驱动能力为5 A。仿真结果显示,在输入电压为4.2 V,输出电压0.9 V的条件下,整个负载范围内转换器的峰值效率为86%,最大稳态输出纹波低于2 mV,在5 A/1 μs负载瞬变条件下,负载调整率不超过28 mV/A。     

BFC直流变换器在光伏发电系统中的应用研究

光伏发电系统中输出电压随光强变化波动较大,为保证正常并网逆变,需要一种高增益的直流变换器将光伏输出电压提升到常规直流母线电压。这里主要研究一种基于Boost拓扑、Flyback拓扑的升压反激式变换器(BFC)在太阳能光伏发电系统的应用。BFC将Boost拓扑与Flyback拓扑输入并联、输出串联,反激拓扑中的初级线圈电感同时作为Boost拓扑的输入电感,变压器的漏感能量得到了利用。仿真结果表明,新型BFC直流变换器应用于光伏发电系统时,具有提高输出电压增益,减小电压纹波,跟踪效果更好等优点。     

COT架构降压型变换器片上纹波补偿电路

基于0.18 μm BCD工艺,设计了适用于电压模式恒定导通时间(COT)架构DC-DC降压型变换器的纹波补偿电路。分析了使用电解电容作为输出电容以及片外纹波补偿电路的缺点,并设计了一种新颖的片内纹波补偿电路来克服这些缺点。在芯片系统典型应用环境下,利用Cadence和Hspice软件进行电路设计和仿真。结果表明,在电源电压为5 V,温度为25 ℃的条件下,芯片输出电压的纹波仅为2.15 mV,通过纹波补偿电路的反馈电压的纹波为37 mV,完全满足系统稳定要求。当温度在-20 ℃~125 ℃内变化时,输出最大纹波仅为12.6 mV。     

用于DC-DC开关电源的模拟加法器设计

采用恒流源技术设计了1种适合于DC-DC开关电源的模拟加法器。基于CSMC 0.5 μm混合标准CMOS工艺对所设计电路进行了仿真验证。在3 V电源电压条件下,瞬态仿真结果显示模拟加法器输出VA为参考电压Vref与输入信号VA1的加权。当输入信号VA1从0~1.2 V变化时,模拟加法器的输出电压VA与VA1成线性关系,且VA与VA1的差值恒为一常数。当温度在0~110 ℃范围内变化时,模拟加法器的输出VA偏差仅为1.18 mV。仿真结果显示：该模拟加法器具有非常好的性能特性,适用于DC-DC开关电源。     

基于Mathcad的反激式开关电源设计

反激式开关电源具有体积小、成本低、运行可靠,高效提供多路直流输出,输入电压在很大的范围内波动时,仍可有较稳定的输出.本文基于Mathcad计算软件设计一款输出(15V/0.7A)的单端反激式开关电源.     

激光二极管恒流驱动电源的仿真设计

在采用锂电池储能供电的降压斩波电路恒流激光二极管驱动源系统的设计中,建立了电池组、激光二极管的集成电路个人仿真程序(PSPICE)器件模型和闭环控制系统模型,经过仿真计算,确定了输出滤波电感电容的参数和实现闭环稳定的比列积分微分调节(PID)参数,并研究了在负载变化和输入变化的条件下系统的稳定性。研究表明,采用该技术方案能实现恒流源输出电流大于100 A,输出电压230 V,电流纹波小于3%。     

一种新型的低纹波开关电源

传统开关电源具有输出纹波大、辐射干扰大等缺点,应用场合受到限制.文中分析了传统开关电源输出纹波的产生机理,介绍了斜波驱动方式的优点和新型电源专用集成电路LT1533的工作原理,给出了非隔离式24 V输入,5V、1A输出的推挽变换器设计实例.试验结果表明输出纹波降低到小于2 mV(峰-峰值).     

应用于计算机的低噪声开关电源电路设计

设计了一种应用于计算机的低噪声开关电源电路,通过调节PWM占空比来达到系统稳定输出的目的,同时通过内部保护电路来监控和保护3.3 V/±5 V/±12 V输出电压.根据计算机电源系统对该电路以及内部模块电路进行了介绍和分析.仿真和测试结果表明,采用该开关电源控制电路组成的系统在提高电路性能的同时,可以有效提高系统的稳定性和抗噪性,具有输出电压精度高、输出纹波小、低噪声、安全可靠等特点.     

Analysis and design of a single-stage single-switch bi-flyback ac/dc converter

An analysis and design of single-stage, single-switch bi-flyback ac/dc converter is presented. The main flyback stage controls the output power from the link capacitor voltage with Discontinuous Conduction Mode (DCM) or Continuous Conduction Mode (CCM) operation, while an auxiliary flyback stage supplies the power to the output directly from ac line input with DCM operation.

This scheme can effectively reduce the voltage stress on the link capacitor and can achieve the power factor correction (PFC) without a dead band at line zero-crossings, which reduces the harmonic distortion in ac line current. Theoretical analysis of the converter is presented and design guidelines to select circuit components are given. The experimental results on a 60?W (15?V, 4?A), 100?kHz ac/dc converter show that maximum link voltage and maximum efficiency are around 415?V and 82%, respectively. The power factor is above 0.96 under universal line input and load conditions.     

Voltage equaliser for Li–Fe battery

In this article, a voltage equaliser is proposed for a battery string with four Li–Fe batteries. The proposed voltage equaliser is developed from a flyback converter, which comprises a transformer, a power electronic switch and a resonant clamped circuit. The transformer contains a primary winding and four secondary windings with the same number of turns connected to each battery. The resonant clamped circuit is for recycling the energy of leakage inductance of the transformer and for performing zero-voltage switching (ZVS) of the power electronic switch. When the power electronic switch is switched on, the energy is stored in the transformer; and when the power electronic switch is switched off, the energy stored in the transformer will automatically charge the battery whose voltage is the lowest. In this way, the voltage of individual batteries in the battery string is balanced. The salient features of the proposed voltage equaliser are that only one switch is used, the energy stored in the leakage inductance of the transformer can be recycled and ZVS is obtained. A prototype is developed and tested to verify the performance of the proposed voltage equaliser. The experimental results show that the proposed voltage equaliser achieves the expected performance.     

反激变换器箝位电路的设计

反激式变换器原边漏感引起的电压尖峰对功率器件和电路性能影响很大,本文基于抑制漏感尖峰影响的目的,考虑到次级反射电压也为箝位电路提供能量,同时箝位电容电压并非不变量,采用了一种改进的箝位电路的设计方法,推导出的表达式,结合反激变换器应力、效率和传导干扰实验,得出了随着箝位电阻值的增大,变换器的效率会提高、传导干扰会变差的结论.根据反激变换器对效率和EMI的侧重点不同,选取箝位电路参数可以满足反激变换器不同的设计要求.     

Steady-state operation of a high-voltage multiresonant converter in a high-temperature environment

Often scientific instruments on exploratory satellites are used to collect cosmic particles. These instruments, such as the Faraday cup, require a high-voltage regulated power source. On the proposed solar probe satellite there will be instruments which will collect cosmic particles close to the sun. Naturally temperature effects on the voltage regulator are a concern. Specifically power dissipation within the regulator must stay within stringent guidelines. The high-voltage regulator circuit is a resonant flyback topology with a dissipative series switch whose on resistance controls the output voltage level. The extreme temperatures in space will change the inductance of the flyback transformer which will affect the output voltage. State space analysis techniques are used to determine how the value of the transformer inductance and capacitance in the flyback converter affects the output voltage and consequently the power dissipated by the transformer and the switch. The accuracy of the analysis is verified by comparing results with those obtained from an experimental circuit. The results can then be used to help the designer chose nominal capacitance and inductance values that will work over the temperature range of interest.     

An integrated flyback converter for DC uninterruptible power supply

An integrated flyback power converter performing the combined functions of uninterruptible power supply (UPS) and switch-mode power supply (SMPS) is presented. This power converter has a high voltage main power input and a low voltage backup battery input. DC output is obtained from the main input via a flyback power converter during normal operation and from the backup battery via another flyback power converter when input power fails. High conversion efficiency is achieved in normal, backup, and charging modes as there is only a single DC-DC conversion in each mode. The power converter circuit is very simple, with two switching transistors, a relay for mode switching, and a single magnetic structure only. This new design offers substantial improvement in efficiency, size, and cost over the conventional cascade of UPS and SMPS due to single voltage conversion, high frequency switching, and removal of design redundancy. The operation, design, analysis, and experimental results of the power converter are presented     

TRIAC dimmable ballast with power equalization

A two-stage, two-wire TRIAC dimmable electronic ballast for fluorescent lamps is presented in this paper. It is constructed by using a flyback converter as the input power factor corrector to supply a half-bridge series-resonant parallel-loaded inverter to ballast the lamp. The flyback converter is operated in discontinuous conduction mode so that the filtered input current profile is the same as the TRIAC-controlled voltage waveform. The switches in the inverter are switched at a constant frequency slightly higher than the resonant frequency of the resonant tank. Based on the constant average input current characteristics of the inverter, the dimming operation is simply achieved by pulsewidth modulation control of the magnitude of the flyback converter output voltage. No synchronization network is required between the input and output stages. In addition, a linear power equalization scheme is developed so that the dc-link voltage (and hence the lamp power) is in a linear relationship with the firing angle of the TRIAC. The average output voltage of the dimmer controls the equalized flyback converter output voltage. Modeling, analysis, and design of the ballast will be described. A prototype was implemented to verify the experimental measurements with the theoretical predictions.     

RC-RCD clamp circuit for ringing losses reduction in a flyback converter

An RCD clamp circuit is usually used in flyback converters, in order to limit the voltage spikes caused by leakage transformer inductance. Oscillation ringing appears due to the clamp diode, which deteriorates the converter's power rate. This brief describes this ringing phenomenon and the use of an RC-RCD clamp circuit for damping the clamp diode's oscillation. This clamp circuit is capable for improving a flyback converter's power ratio.     

Voltage and current stress reduction in single-stage power factorcorrection AC/DC converters with bulk capacitor voltage feedback

Single-stage power factor correction (PFC) AC/DC converters integrate a boost-derived input current shaper (ICS) with a flyback or forward DC/DC converter in one single stage. The ICS can be operated in either discontinuous current mode (DCM) or continuous current mode (CCM), while the flyback or forward DC/DC converter is operated in CCM. Almost all single-stage PFC AC/DC converters suffer from high bulk capacitor voltage stress and extra switch current stress. The bulk capacitor voltage feedback with a coupled winding structure is widely used to reduce both the voltage and current stresses in practical single-stage PFC AC/DC converters. This paper presents a detailed analysis of the bulk capacitor voltage feedback, including the relationship between bulk capacitor voltage, input current harmonics, voltage feedback ratio, and load condition. The maximum bulk capacitor voltage appears when the DC/DC converter operates at the boundary between CCM and DCM. This paper also reveals that only the voltage feedback ratio determines the input current harmonics under DCM ICS and CCM DC/DC operation. The theoretical prediction of the bulk capacitor voltage as well as the predicted input harmonic contents is verified experimentally on a 60 W AC/DC converter with universal-line input     

基于电流纹波率反激式变压器导通模式的分析

提出了利用电流纹波率设计反激式变压器和判别其导通模式的方法,用该方法导出了反激式变压器从CCM进入DCM模式的数学式,用MATLAB计算并分析了输入电压、负载电流及反射电压对导通模式的影响。设计了一款反激式开关稳压电源,测量了变压器的电流波形。实验表明,测量结果与推导的数学式相符,用电流纹波率设计反激式变压器比传统的波形系数更直观和便于测量。     

电流模式反激变换器中功率限制电路的设计

讨论电流模式反激变换器的工作原理与优点,重点分析反激变换器中的过功率保护模块的功能与实现方式。提出在过功率保护电路中利用斜坡电压取代传统的固定电压,以达到不同输入电压下的恒定功率限制。基于CMOS工艺设计了相应的斜坡电压产生电路,该电路结构简单,可广泛适用于各类反激开关电源控制电路。最后并对电路进行了仿真。