首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Intense light pulses (ILP) treatments have good prospects for becoming an alternative to traditional thermal methods for decontamination of food surfaces. The aim of this work was to evaluate which ranges of the light spectrum are responsible for bacterial inactivation and their effect on the quality of fresh‐cut avocado. Results show that the effectiveness of ILP treatment decreases when the ultraviolet (UV) spectral region is blocked (particularly UV‐C). ILP treatments without UV‐C light (305–1100 nm) and an overall fluence of 10.68 J cm?2 caused reductions of 2.47 and 1.35 log CFU g?1 in the initial counts of inoculated Escherichia coli and Listeria innocua, respectively, in comparison with those treated using only VIS–NIR light (0.83 and 0.68 log CFU g?1, respectively). Treatments applying light of a wavelength between 305 and 1100 nm had a more pronounced impact on colour, texture and headspace gas composition than treatments that did not contain UV light (400–1100 nm).  相似文献   

2.
This study investigated the effect of pulsed light (PL) dose on color, microstructure, and microbiological stability of cut apples during 7-day refrigerated storage. Apples were irradiated at two different distances from the lamp (5 or 10 cm) during 2 to 100 s (2.4 to 221.1 J/cm2). Cut-apple surface exposed to high PL fluencies turned darker (lower L* values) and less green (higher a* value) than the control, and this effect was more pronounced as PL dose and/or storage time increased. On the contrary, the application of few flashes (2.4 J/cm2) allowed maintaining the original color of apples slices along storage. Light microscopy images of treated samples showed degraded walls and broken plasmalemma and tonoplast, which may explain, at least partially, the increase in browning of irradiated apples at high doses. Inactivation patterns of inoculated microorganisms depended on PL dose and the type of microorganism. After 100 s PL treatment at 5 cm, no counts were observed for Saccharomyces cerevisiae KE162, while for Escherichia coli ATCC 11229 and Listeria innocua ATCC 33090, reduction levels were 2.25 and 1.7 logs, respectively. Native microflora population was in general higher in control samples than in 10 and 60 s PL irradiated apples along the whole storage. Although the application of high PL fluencies allowed obtaining greater microbial reductions, they also promoted browning of apple. Application of PL at a dose of 11.9 J/cm2 could extend the shelf life of cut apple with minimal modification in color.  相似文献   

3.
In this study the feasibility of incorporation of probiotic microcapsules coated with fragmented yeast cell wall in grape juice was evaluated during 60 days at 4 °C. Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum were encapsulated in alginate microbeads and coated with fragmented Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall and calcium alginate and were added into grape juice. At the end of storage, the survival of probiotics was higher than recommended minimum value (10cfu mL?1) and the results demonstrated that applying yeast cell wall layer for L. acidophilus microcapsules significantly enhanced its survival while did not affect the survival of B. bifidum (> 0.05). Generally, probiotic grape juice showed decrease in °Brix, pH and colour and increase in acidity and turbidity during storage and the presence of yeast wall layer had no significant effect on its properties expect colour and turbidity. Overall acceptance of grape juices containing yeast cell wall‐coated microcapsules scored the least.  相似文献   

4.
In‐package sanitisation was developed using polylactic acid (PLA) films with allyl isothiocyanate (AIT) vapour. Tomatoes were artificially inoculated with Escherichia coli, Geotrichum candidum and Fusarium oxysporum and stored in clamshell boxes with the film fixed to the underside of the lid. The changes in bacterial and fungal populations and the quality of tomatoes during storage at 4 and 10 °C were evaluated. The results revealed that the film treatment (4 × 8 cm2 film in 1 L box) reduced the populations of inoculated bacteria and fungi on tomatoes by 2–3 log CFU g?1, and then significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited their growth during the 21‐day storage period at both temperatures. Tomatoes subject to film treatment had fewer changes in quality (colour, firmness, contents of total soluble solid, titratable acids and vitamin C) than the control samples during storage. The antimicrobial PLA film can be used for in‐package sanitisation to extend the shelf‐life of packaged tomatoes or similar perishable vegetables.  相似文献   

5.
The probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus was encapsulated in biodegradable and biocompatible capsules prepared by ionic gelation between phytic acid (PA) and chitosan (CS) with an electrostatic extrusion method. Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and starch were used as co‐encapsulants for improvement of capsule stability. Capsules were characterised and evaluated for survival of encapsulated L. acidophilus cells in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) and during refrigerated storage. Loading capacity values of PA‐CS capsules, PA‐CS‐starch capsules and PA‐CS‐CaCO3 capsules were 8.20, 8.12 and 7.81 log CFU g?1 of wet capsule, respectively. Capsules showed particle sizes of 1.3–1.5 mm and a uniform spherical shape. PA‐CS‐CaCO3 capsules were the most stable vehicles for the protection of probiotic cells against acidic damage, particularly at pH 1.5 and pH 2. L. acidophilus cells from PA‐CS‐CaCO3 capsules showed only a 0.64 log CFU reduction in numbers after 2 h in pH 1.5 SGF conditions. The numbers of L. acidophilus encapsulated in PA‐CS‐CaCO3 capsules were decreased by only 0.69 log CFU g?1, while PA‐CS capsules and PA‐CS‐starch capsule numbers were reduced by more than 1.45 log CFU g?1 after 4 weeks at 4 °C. Addition of calcium carbonate to PA‐CS capsules provided protection against acid injury via antacid and buffering effects for encapsulation of L. acidophilus.  相似文献   

6.
The microbial inactivation and qualitative parameters (pH, sugar content, titratable acidity, absorbance at 420 nm and turbidity) of peach and kiwi juices treated at 35 °C with supercritical carbon dioxide (SC‐CO2) and nitrous oxide (SC‐N2O) were determined as a function of pressure and treatment time. Total inactivation of both naturally occurring microorganisms and Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain (105 cfu mL?1) was obtained after 15 min of SC‐CO2/N2O treatment, 10 MPa and 35 °C, for both juices. No significant changes in chemical‐physical or in sensorial characteristics between untreated and treated juice were detected. The results obtained demonstrate the feasibility and the potential of SC‐CO2/N2O treatment as an alternative low temperature pasteurisation process for peach and kiwi juices.  相似文献   

7.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of gas level and treatment condition on antimicrobial efficacy of ClO2 gas against Salmonella enterica Typhimurium on grape tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). Grape tomatoes were dip‐inoculated with inoculum of S. enterica Typhimurium TISTR 292 (ATCC 13311) (9.79 ± 0.39 log CFU mL?1) and allowed to dry before treatments. The pre‐inoculated samples were exposed to 0.15–0.85 mg of ClO2 gas, for up to 58 min. The treatments at 4 and 25 °C resulted in population reductions of S. enterica Typhimurium of up to 3.95 ± 0.22 and 7.37 ± 0.39 log CFU per fruit, respectively. The population reduction results were used to construct statistical models to predict efficacy of ClO2 gas. The second‐order equations for treatments at 4 and 25 °C had R2 of 0.87 and 0.95, respectively, and indicated that efficacy of ClO2 gas was significantly influenced by ClO2 gas level, exposure time and treatment temperature.  相似文献   

8.
Buckwheat starch (BS) films containing zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO‐N; 0%, 1.5%, 3% and 4.5%) were prepared, and their physical, optical and antimicrobial properties were examined. As ZnO‐N content increased from 0% to 4.5%, TS increased from 14.99 to 19.09 MPa and E decreased from 25.60% to 20.65%. In addition, L* and a* values decreased, whereas b*, ΔE and opacity increased. Regarding antimicrobial activity, the BS/ZnO‐N films had the reductions of 2.96–3.74 log CFU mL?1 against Listeria monocytogenes after 8 h based on viable cell count assay. The BS film containing 3% ZnO‐N, an optimal concentration chosen in this study, was applied to fresh‐cut mushroom packaging, and the film exhibited antimicrobial activity against L. monocytogenes, resulting in a reduction of 0.86 log CFU g?1 after 6 days of storage. Thus, these results indicate that the BS/ZnO‐N film can be used as a biodegradable packaging material.  相似文献   

9.
Grape juices made using small‐scale production techniques are widely consumed. The extraction procedures employed to produce them, however, can affect bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity in the final product. In this study, juices prepared using four extraction methods (steam, extractor, juicer and blender) were evaluated for soluble and hydrolysable polyphenol content, total anthocyanin content, antioxidant capacity, physicochemical characteristics and colour. Acceptance of steam‐extracted juices and their stability during storage were also evaluated. Steam extraction resulted in a higher soluble phenolic (1073 ± 58 mg gallic acid L?1) and anthocyanin content (138 ± 22 mg cyanidin L?1), as well as a higher antioxidant capacity when compared to juices prepared using other methods. Although steam‐extracted juice remained microbiologically stable during 24 months of storage, changes in phytochemical compounds and antioxidant capacity did occur. Our results indicate that steam‐extracted grape juices have high commercial potential.  相似文献   

10.
This study demonstrates the use of UV spectroscopy (UV) in combination with chemometrics as a simple and feasible approach for analysis of variety, adulteration, quality and ageing of apple juice. The results show that PCA‐UV is adequate to differentiate apple juice varieties and adulteration. The percentage of the adulterant can be detected by PLSR‐UV with RMSE < 0.7783% and R2 > 0.9980. For the evaluation of juice quality, PLSR‐UV (RMSE = 0.2555–2.3448; R2 = 0.7276–0.9816) is recommended for the prediction of soluble solids, ascorbic acid, total flavonoids, total sugar and reducing sugar, whilst PCR‐UV (RMSE = 0.0000–2.7426; R2 = 0.7073–1.0000) is adequate for the prediction of pH and antioxidant activity. In addition, PLSR‐UV may be used to predict the storage time with RMSE = 0.4681 day and R2 = 0.9832. Therefore, UV coupled with chemometrics has potential to be developed as a portable tool for the detection of variety, adulteration, quality and ageing of not only apple juices, but also other fruit and vegetable juices.  相似文献   

11.
This work analyzed the pulsed light (PL) (0.0–71.6 J/cm2)-induced damage on Saccharomyces cerevisiae KE162 cells in peptone water (pH 3.5 or 5.6) and apple juice (pH 3.5) by applying flow cytometry (FCM) and transmission electronic microscopy. Cells were labeled with fluorescein diacetate (FDA) for detecting membrane integrity and esterase activity and with propidium iodide (PI) for monitoring membrane integrity. S. cerevisiae inactivation curves reached 6–7 log reductions (peptone water systems) and 3.9 log reductions (apple juice) after 60 s (71.6 J/cm2) of PL exposure. FCM revealed the same damage pattern (although at different doses) in all media: at low doses, there was an increase in population in PI+?FDA+ quadrant, while at high doses, most of the population was located at quadrant PI+–FDA?, indicating that PL provoked rupture of the cytoplasm membrane allowing PI to penetrate cells and there was progressive loss of esterase activity. Comparison of conventional culture technique with FCM revealed the occurrence of certain cell subpopulations in peptone water with pH 3.5 which were stressed and lost their ability to grow in agar but still showed metabolic activity. Transmission electron microphotographs of PL-treated cells clearly indicated that various cell structures other than plasma membranes were altered and/or destroyed in a different degree depending on exposure time and type of medium.  相似文献   

12.
BACKGROUND: The effect of high‐intensity pulsed electric field (HIPEF) processing (35 kV cm?1 for 1500 µs using 6‐µs bipolar pulses at 200 Hz) on the antioxidant features (vitamin C, β‐carotene, total phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity) of carrot juice as well as on peroxidase activity was investigated and compared to the observed in heat pasteurised juices (90 °C for 60 s or 30 s) having the fresh juice as a reference. RESULTS: HIPEF and heat‐treated carrot juices had higher β‐carotene and lower vitamin C contents than the untreated juices immediately after processing. The antioxidant capacity of the juices was significantly modified neither by HIPEF nor by thermal treatments. POD activity decreased drastically (≥93.3%) after processing irrespective of the treatment applied. Vitamin C and β‐carotene content decreased throughout the storage following an exponential trend (R2 = 0.801–0.984) with degradation rates between 1.7 × 10?2 and 3.5 × 10?2 day?1. Vitamin C and β‐carotene contents were better maintained in HIPEF‐treated than in heat‐pasteurised juices throughout the storage. Total phenolic content and the antioxidant capacity of the HIPEF‐treated juice did not substantially differ from that of the thermally treated juice for 56 days. CONCLUSION: HIPEF processing may help to achieve fresh‐like carrot juices with increased amounts of health‐related phytochemicals. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

13.
Two groups of farmed meagre (Argyrosomus regius) sausages were studied regarding quality changes and antioxidant capacity during a 98‐day storage experiment at 2 ± 2 °C. Control sausages contained 3.9% (w/w) of inner pea dietary fibre (IPDF) and the other group contained 0.9% (w/w) IPDF plus 3.0% (w/w) of antioxidant grape dietary fibre (AGDF). The control and AGDF meagre sausages presented a high nutritional value, given their low caloric content, fatty acid profile, amino acid composition and high DF content. Both products were remarkably stable over storage time. The AGDF had an effective antioxidant capacity, proven not only by the radical scavenging activity (90.0–91.0% vs. 82.1–85.4%) and reducing power (8.13–9.10 mg ascorbic acid equivalent g‐1 vs. 4.16–4.24 mg ascorbic acid equivalent g?1) measurements, but also by the lower thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) values (0.78–1.10 vs. 1.50–2.08 mg malonaldehyde kg?1) over storage time. AGDF seemed to present antimicrobial effect, since on the 63rd day (beginning of significant microbial growth), the control sausages had more than 3 log CFU g?1 and AGDF sausages much <3 log CFU g?1. The sensory assessment pointed to some loss of textural quality, more accentuated in the AGDF sausages.  相似文献   

14.
Microencapsulation is an effective technology used to protect probiotics against harsh conditions. Extrusion is a commonly used microencapsulation method utilized to prepare probiotics microcapsules that is regarded as economical and simple to operate. This research aims to prepare acid‐resistant probiotic microcapsules with high viability after freeze‐drying and optimized storage stability. Streptococcus thermophilus IFFI 6038 (IFFI 6038) cells were mixed with trehalose and alginate to fabricate microcapsules using extrusion. These capsules were subsequently coated with chitosan to obtain chitosan‐trehalose‐alginate microcapsules with shell‐matrix structure. Chitosan‐alginate microcapsules (without trehalose) were also prepared using the same method. The characteristics of the microcapsules were observed by measuring the freeze‐dried viability, acid resistance, and long‐term storage stability of the cells. The viable count of IFFI 6038 in the chitosan‐trehalose‐alginate microcapsules was 8.34 ± 0.30 log CFU g?1 after freeze‐drying (lyophilization), which was nearly 1 log units g?1 greater than the chitosan‐alginate microcapsules. The viability of IFFI 6038 in the chitosan‐trehalose‐alginate microcapsules was 6.45 ± 0.09 log CFU g?1 after 120 min of treatment in simulated gastric juices, while the chitosan‐alginate microcapsules only measured 4.82 ± 0.22 log CFU g?1. The results of the long‐term storage stability assay indicated that the viability of IFFI 6038 in chitosan‐trehalose‐alginate microcapsules was higher than in chitosan‐alginate microcapsules after storage at 25 °C. Trehalose played an important role in the stability of IFFI 6038 during storage. The novel shell‐matrix chitosan‐trehalose‐alginate microcapsules showed optimal stability and acid resistance, demonstrating their potential as a delivery vehicle to transport probiotics.  相似文献   

15.
Fungal spoilage during refrigerated storage is one of the main safety and quality‐related problems for dairy products. The effect of wheat gluten (WG) and methyl cellulose (MC) biopolymers containing natamycin (NA) on the growth of Aspergillus niger and Penicillium roquefortii on the surface of fresh kashar cheese during storage at 10 °C for 30 days was investigated. Wrapping of A. niger‐inoculated cheese with MC films containing 5–20 mg NA per 10 g resulted in approximately 2‐log reductions in spore count. Two mg NA per 10 g included into WG films was sufficient to eliminate A. niger on the surface of cheese. However, MC and WG films containing NA did not cause any significant decrease in P. roquefortii count on the cheese surface. Therefore, especially use WG films in dairy applications could be an effective way of controlling A. niger growth on these products.  相似文献   

16.
The relationship between prior growth of food‐spoilage yeast in high‐sugar environments and their subsequent survival postpulsed UV (PUV) irradiation was investigated. Test yeast were separately grown to early stationary phase in YPD broth containing increasing concentrations of glucose (1–50% w/v) and were flashed with ≤40 pulses of broad‐spectrum light at lamp discharge energy settings of 3.2, 7.2 and 12.8 J (equivalent to UV doses of 0.53, 1.09 and 3.36 μJ cm?2, respectively) and their inactivation measured. Findings showed that prior growth in high‐sugar conditions (≥30% glucose w/v) enhanced the sensitivity of all nine representative strains of Zygosaccharomyces bailii, Z. rouxii and Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast to PUV irradiation. Significant differences in inactivation amongst different yeast types also occurred depending on amount of UV dose applied, where the order of increasing sensitivity of osmotically stressed yeast to PUV irradiation was shown to be Z. rouxii, Z. bailii and >S. cerevisiae. For example, a 1.2‐log order difference in CFU mL?1 reduction occurred between Z. bailii 11 486 and S. cerevisiae 834 when grown in 50% w/v sugar samples and treated with the uppermost test UV dosage of 3.36 μJ cm?2, where these two yeast strains were reduced by 3.8 and 5.0 log orders, respectively, after this PUV treatment regime compared to untreated controls. The higher the UV dose applied the greater the reduction in yeast numbers. For example, a 1.0‐, 1.4‐ and 4.0‐log order differences in CFU mL?1 numbers occurred for S. cerevisiae 834 grown in 15% w/v sugar samples and then treated with PUV dose of 0.53, 1.09 and 3.36 μJ cm?2, respectively. These findings support the development of PUV for the treatment of high‐sugar foods that are prone to spoilage by osmotolerant yeast.  相似文献   

17.
The effects of pulsed light (PL) processing parameters such as depth of juice layer (1, 3, 5 mm), distance from the lamp (5, 10 cm) and number of pulses (0–50 pulses) on the inactivation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in verjuice, a clarified beverage obtained from freshly-squeezed unripe grapes, were investigated. A reduction of 0.96 ± 0.27 log CFU/mL was achieved by applying a dose of 34 J/cm2 (1-mm layer depth, 5-cm distance, 50 pulses). PL was combined with mild heating (MH) at 43, 45 and 47 °C to increase its inactivation efficacy. Pasteurization was achieved by applying 17 J/cm2 at 45 °C (PLMH45–3) and 6.12 J/cm2 at 47 °C (PLMH47–3) to a 3-mm juice layer with S. cerevisiae reductions of 5.10 ± 0.24 and 5.06 ± 0.08 log CFU/mL, respectively. Quality properties of PLMH47–3-pasteurized verjuice were monitored during 6 weeks of storage at refrigerated (5 °C) and room temperature (25 °C), The results were compared to those of untreated and thermally pasteurized (72 °C/18 s) samples. Untreated juice spoiled within 2 weeks at 25 °C. No growth was detected in other conditions for 6 weeks. Among quality characteristics, only optical properties changed slightly during storage. It was concluded that mild MH-assisted pulsed light treatments have potential for verjuice pasteurization compared to conventional thermal pasteurization due to the better preservation of its fresh-like characteristics.  相似文献   

18.
The effects of electron beam irradiation on microbial inactivation and quality of noninoculated and inoculated (Listeria monocytogenes) kimchi pastes were examined. Kimchi paste samples were irradiated at doses of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 kGy and stored for 21 days at 4 °C. Irradiation (10 kGy) reduced the populations of total aerobic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, and yeast and moulds in the samples by 1.72, 2.24 and 0.86 log CFU g?1, respectively, compared to the control. In particular, coliforms were not detected at 8 and 10 kGy, and the population of Lmonocytogenes in inoculated samples was significantly decreased by 2.67 log CFU g?1. Electron beam irradiation delayed the changes in O2 and CO2 concentrations, pH, acidity and reducing sugar content observed in kimchi paste during storage. These results suggest that electron beam irradiation can be used to improve the microbiological safety and shelf life of kimchi paste.  相似文献   

19.
Increased consumption of produce by consumers has been attributed to perceived health benefits of postharvest produce. Pathogen control is crucial because periodic occurrences and contamination of tomato and leafy greens have exacerbated food safety risks for consumers. We investigated the effects of temperatures (5 and 25 °C), storage time (30 min and 24 h) for inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli O157:H7 by sophorolipid (SL‐p) produced fermentatively using palmitic acid as a co‐substrate at different concentrations in vitro. Reduction in pathogenic bacteria on grape tomato by SL‐p, sanitiser (Lovit) and combinations of SL‐p and sanitiser was determined. Temperature and storage time significantly (P < 0.05) affected pathogen inactivations by SL‐p as pathogen reductions were greater at 25 °C and 24 h than at 5 °C and 30 min of storage. L. monocytogenes was the most sensitive to SL‐p treatment as reductions of 5 log relative to untreated controls were attained at 0.12% of SL‐p. Significant reductions in S. enterica (1.91–3.85 logs) and E. coli O157:H7 (0.87–4.09 logs) were recorded at 2–5% of SL‐p. Lower populations of Salmonella and E. coli O157:H7 were inactivated than L. monocytogenes. On grape tomato, pathogen populations inactivated increased at higher SL‐p levels at 25 °C. Sanitiser and sanitiser + SL‐p reduced bacterial populations on tomato by 5.29–5.76 logs and 0.71–3.3.66 logs, respectively. These results imply the interactions of temperature, storage time and SL‐p significantly (P < 0.05) affected pathogen strain reductions. The combination of SL‐p with sanitiser led to synergistic effect on E. coli O157:H7, but not L. monocytogenes and S. enterica.  相似文献   

20.
The effects of UV‐C irradiation on the inactivation of Escherichia coli K‐12 (ATCC 25253), a surrogate of E. coli O157:H7, and on the shelf life of freshly squeezed turbid white grape juice (FSWGJ) were investigated. FSWGJ samples were processed at 0.90 mL/s for 32 min by circulating 8 times in an annular flow UV system. The UV exposure time was 244 s per cycle. The population of E. coli K‐12 was reduced by 5.34 log cycles after exposure to a total UV dosage of 9.92 J/cm2 (1.24 J/cm2 per cycle) at 0.90 mL/s flow rate. The microbial shelf life of UV‐C treated FSWGJ was extended up to 14 d at 4 °C. UV exposure was not found to alter pH, total soluble solid, and titratable acidity of juice. There was a significant effect (P < 0.05) on turbidity, absorbance coefficient, color, and ascorbic acid content. Furthermore, all physicochemical properties were altered during refrigerated storage. The microbial shelf life of FSWGJ was doubled after UV‐C treatment, whereas the quality of juice was adversely affected similarly observed in the control samples.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号