气调保鲜养殖大黄鱼特定腐败菌动态变化初步研究

目的:探讨气调保鲜养殖大黄鱼中特定腐败菌与剩余货架期的关系。方法:采用特定培养基平板计数法及最小平方差的数据处理法,研究气调包装养殖大黄鱼中特定腐败菌——磷发光杆菌在贮藏过程中的动态变化。结果:在(4±1)℃下贮藏的气调包装养殖大黄鱼中的磷发光杆菌的生长动力学模型可用Logistic方程来描述,并具有很好的相关性(R2=0.9887)。用此Logistic方程预测大黄鱼的货架期,与实测值相比,相对误差为-2.62%。结论:建立的模型可以快速地实时预测(4±1)℃贮藏的养殖大黄鱼中磷发光杆菌的数量及其剩余货架期。     

气调包装对冷却鸭肉的保鲜效果研究

该文以0～4℃贮藏的冷却鸭肉为研究对象,以保鲜膜托盘包装为对照,通过分析肉色、pH值、蒸煮损失率、菌落总数、乳酸菌数、挥发性盐基氮(total volatile base nitrogen,TVB-N值)等指标,研究了30%CO_~(2+)70%N_2以及0. 4%CO+30%CO_~(2+)70%N_2气调包装(modified atmosphere packaging,MAP)对冷却鸭肉的保鲜效果。结果表明,与普通保鲜膜托盘包装相比,在贮藏的20 d内,2种气调包装方式均能抑制冷却鸭肉中微生物的生长,减少TVB-N的产生,从而显著延长了冷却鸭肉的货架期,具有较理想的保鲜效果。0. 4%CO气调包装没有起到进一步的抑菌效果,但在贮藏过程中鸭皮的L*值与a*值均高于其他2种处理组,并保持了产品的优良外观,具有良好的护色作用。综合分析,0. 4%CO+30%CO_~(2+)70%N_2气调包装对冷却鸭肉的保鲜效果最好。     

一氧化碳用于肉品气调包装的研究

零售肉用含有CO的混合气体进行气调包装。即 60 %～ 70 %的CO2 ,3 0 %～ 4 0 %的N2 ,<0 5 %的CO这种混合气体有一种独特的组合作用 ,可以延长肉的货架期 ,保持肉的樱桃红色 ,这种混合气体包装与普通的约 70 %O2 和 3 0 %CO2 的混合气体包装相比 ,其货架期表现为前者比后者长 ,食用CO混合气体包装的肉在血液中只产生微不足道的络血红蛋白 ,因此 ,在肉的包装中使用CO对消费者不可能产生毒害。     

气调包装对太平洋牡蛎冷藏保鲜效果的研究

研究了气调包装（60%CO2/40%N2、60%CO2/30%N2/10%O2）对太平洋牡蛎的气调保鲜效果。以空气包装组为对照,通过感官评定、pH、TVB-N、需氧菌数几项指标来评价气调包装的牡蛎样品在冷藏条件下（4±1℃）的贮藏效果,并对对照组和气调包装组的腐败样品进行了细菌菌相分析。实验结果表明,气调包装有效延长了牡蛎的冷藏货架期,对照组、CO2/N2组和CO2/N2/O2组的货架期分别为6～7d、9～10d和11～12d。货架期终点时,对照组牡蛎样品以革兰氏阴性菌为主,其中假单胞菌（Pseudomonas）比例高达55%,是常规包装牡蛎冷藏的特定腐败菌;气调包装组样品以革兰氏阳性菌为主,其中CO2/N2组的优势菌为乳酸菌（Lactic acid bacteria）,CO2/N2/O2组的优势菌为棒状杆菌（Corynebacterium）。      

气调包装对太平洋牡蛎冷藏保鲜效果的研究

研究了气调包装(60%CO2/40%N2、60%CO2/30%N2/10% O2)对太平洋牡蛎的气调保鲜效果.以空气包装组为对照,通过感官评定、pH、TVB-N、需氧菌数几项指标来评价气调包装的牡蛎样品在冷藏务件下(4±1℃)的贮藏效果,并对对照组和气调包装组的腐败样品进行了细菌菌相分析.实验结果表明,气调包装有效延长了牡蛎的冷藏货架期,对照组、CO2/N2组和CO2/N2/O2组的赁架期分别为6～7d、9～10d和11～12d.货架期终点时,对照组牡蛎样品以革兰氏阴性菌为主,其中假单胞菌(Pseudomonas)比例高达55%,是常规包装牡蛎冷藏的特定腐败菌;气调包装组样品以革兰氏阳性菌为主,其中CO2/N2组的优势菌为乳酸菌(Lactic acid bacteria),CO2/N2/O2组的优势菌为棒状杆菌(Corynebacterium).     

平菇气调包装保鲜

平菇水分含量高,呼吸作用强,属于易腐烂变质的蔬菜.MAP能明显抑制果蔬的呼吸作用和水分的蒸腾作用,抑制营养物质的降解.实验研究了MAP技术结合化学物质处理对平菇贮藏保鲜的效果.结果表明,平菇气调贮藏的条件,体积分数为1.5%O2+20%CO2时较好,在此条件下可延长货架期6～10d;2#处理(质量分数为3%柠檬酸,0.05%NaHSO3,1%CaCl2)可有效地抑制平菇的褐变;利用LDPE膜包装的保鲜效果明显优于PVC膜以及LDPE和PVC复合膜.     

枇杷变温气调包装保鲜研究

采用变温气调技术对枇杷进行了保鲜研究。经过42d贮藏后各项指标测试结果表明,处理A（变温+MAP）对枇杷果实的保鲜效果最佳,其可滴定酸下降0.14%,可溶性固形物下降0.08%,出汁率下降5.6%,褐变指数为15%,好果率高达90%,腐烂率为20%;同时相对电导率在贮藏14d后基本趋于稳定。      

浅议气调包装与水果保鲜

对气调包装原理，采摘后水果的生理特性保鲜机理及气调包装在水果保鲜中的应用等方面进行了粗浅的探讨。     

气调包装技术延长烘焙食品货架期的研究

大气中的氧气和需氧微生物腐败是限制烘焙食品等食品货架期的两个主要因素。调整包装内的气氛如氧气、二氧化碳、氮气的比例（气调包装）可使这些食品货架期显著延长。本文在简述各种气调包装技术的原理及特点的基础上，着重介绍了充气包装、吸氧剂包装、乙醇蒸汽发生剂包装等在延长烘焙食品货架期中的应用。讨论了各种方法用于延长烘焙食品货架期的优点并对纳米技术在气调包装材料上的应用等前景作出了展望。     

美国用气调包装延长芒果货架期

据美国科学家试验，对芒果采用气调包装可延长其货架期。该试验是将芒果剥皮、切块、将样品分别采用氧气包装、混合气(氮气86%、二氧化碳气10％、氧气4％)包装及真空包装，结果以混合气包装的芒果货架期最长。在贮存期间，     

新鲜猪肉气调保鲜包装技术

本文介绍新鲜猪肉气调保鲜包装混合气体的组成,鲜肉色泽的保持和防腐效果。通过新鲜猪肉的气调包装和真空包装保鲜效果试验得出:在0～6℃温度贮藏14天后,两种包装的防腐效果和保持色泽相比较,气调包装新鲜猪肉的细菌总数低于真空包装,血色素指标是真空包装的三倍。两种包装新鲜猪肉的pH、TVBN值都符合卫生指标要求。     

Modified Atmosphere Packaging of Fresh Beansprouts

Freshly harvested beansprouts displayed a respiration rate of about 1 mmol O₂ kg⁻¹ h⁻¹ at 10°C which was strongly dependent on temperature, a 10-fold increase being observed every 16·5°C (z=16·5°C, ie Q₁₀=4·4). This commodity is also characterised by a high initial microbial load (about 10⁷ cells g⁻¹). During storage at various temperatures from 1 to 20°C, oxygen uptake rates dramatically increased with time and this phenomenon was well correlated with the development of aerobic microorganisms which reached 10⁹ cells g⁻¹ after 2 days at 20°C or 9 days at 1°C. Beansprouts were packaged in films, with permeabilities ranging from 950 to 200000 ml O₂ m⁻² day⁻¹ atm⁻¹, and stored at 8°C. Due to plant and microbial metabolism, oxygen concentrations decreased steadily within all packs until the onset of plant tissue decay. The latter occurred after 5–6 days with the least permeable films but did not occur within when the film permeability was over 100000 ml O₂ m⁻² day⁻¹ atm⁻¹. However, such films favoured brown discolouration, exudation texture and breakdown. The orientated polypropylene film (OPP) induced anoxic condition within 2 days and favoured anaerobic metabolism and necrosis of the sprouts. In all packages there was a rapid development of aerobic microorganisms and lactic acid bacteria that resulted in the accumulation of acetate and lactate and a decrease in pH. Thus, it clearly appeared that tissue decay was enhanced by microbial activity. At 8°C, 0·24 m² of film per kg of sprouts provided the optimal atmosphere composition (ie 5% oxygen and 15% carbon dioxide) when a film permeability of 50000 ml O₂ m⁻² day⁻¹ atm⁻¹ was used. These conditions allowed a shelf-life of 4–5 days.     

气调包装技术在冷鲜肉生产中的研究进展

本文介绍气调包装的应用现状,详细阐述冷鲜肉气调包装的保鲜机理、气体的组成、影响因素,并探讨气调包装与其他保鲜手段,结合应用、气调包装与抗菌包装材料结合应用以及气调包装在冷鲜肉中的市场前景.     

Modified Atmosphere and Modified Humidity Packaging of Fresh Mushrooms

Sorbitol and sodium chloride were used to modify the in-package relative humidity (IPRH) of fresh mushrooms (water irrigated and CaCl₂ irrigated) stored in a modified atmosphere package (MAP) at 12°C. No differences were observed for maturity index and microbial population between mushrooms stored in modified atmosphere package (MAP) with or without moisture absorbers. Lower IPRH was observed in packages containing water irrigated (normally grown) mushrooms with sodium chloride, but resulted in over-drying of mushrooms and did not improve color. Normally grown mushrooms with 10 and 15g sorbitol had the best color. IPRH of 87–90%, within 9 days storage was considered optimum. No improvements in quality were found with moisture absorbers with normally grown mushrooms. However, a small amount of sorbitol helped to avoid condensation with CaCl₂ irrigated mushrooms.     

肉类CAP保鲜效果的研究

用 φO2 +φCO2 =75 % +2 5 %、φO2 +φCO2 =5 0 % +5 0 %、φO2 +φCO2 =2 5 % +75 %以及空气分别对牛肉、猪肉进行充气包装 ,并于 4℃贮藏。通过感官评定及pH值、挥发性盐基氮(TVB N)、细菌总数的测定 ,研究了不同CAP(controlledatmospherepackaging)对肉类的保鲜效果。结果表明 :CAP包装对牛肉的保鲜效果优于猪肉 ;保鲜效果随O2 和CO2 的体积分数的不同而有差异 ,φO2 +φCO2 =75 % +2 5 %的气体组成对肉的护色效果较好 ,φO2 +φCO2 =2 5 %+75 %的气体组成虽然无明显护色效果 ,但具有一定的抑菌效果     

超市生鲜猪肉高氧MAP气调保鲜包装研究

采用高氧MAP对超市生鲜猪肉进行气调保鲜包装,通过CO_2抑菌、O_2保色、NaCl、乳酸等栅栏抑菌保鲜正交试验,研究不同栅栏因子对超市生鲜冷却猪肉pH值、卫生指标和肉色货架期等生鲜品质的影响。结果表明:高氧MAP生鲜猪肉在3±2℃贮藏48h,其pH值、细菌总数、大肠杆菌有显著降低(p<0.01)、处在最新鲜的状态,随后缓慢地提高,5d能达到二级生鲜猪肉标准水平,与感官评定结果有良好的一致性;回归试验因素相关分析结果表明O_2、CO_2和NaCl与pH值、细菌总数、大肠杆菌MPN呈显著负相关,说明高氧、高CO_2MAP和2%NaCl适量调理的抑菌保鲜效果显著;正交试验优化结果为:70%O2～30%CO2～2%NaCl处理组合。     

气调包装及天然保鲜剂对冷却鲜猪肉的保鲜效果研究

对冷却鲜猪肉分别用保鲜剂(含乳酸钠5%、异维生素C钠0.2%和乙酸0.4%的混合保鲜溶液)处理加PE塑料袋包装、PE/PA塑料袋气调包装(25% CO2、25% N2和50% O2混合气体)和保鲜剂处理加PE/PA塑料袋气调包装,与PE塑料袋包装对照,研究其在0～4℃冷却保存条件下不同处理方法的保鲜效果。每隔2d对猪肉进行感官评定、测定其TVB-N值、菌落总数,并进行球蛋白沉淀试验,以判定猪肉新鲜度的变化。结果表明:PE/PA塑料袋气调包装和保鲜剂处理均明显延长冷却鲜猪肉的保存期,可使其保存期分别达到12d和9d;两者同时应用效果更好,可使冷却鲜猪肉的保存期达到15d以上;气调包装的冷却保存猪肉颜色始终保持鲜红状态;课题组自主设计、制造的气体比例混合器,用于冷却肉的气调包装,保鲜效果优良。     

Evaluation of Zein Films as Modified Atmosphere Packaging for Fresh Broccoli

ABSTRACT: Modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) is increasingly used with minimally processed produce. Increased MAP usage coupled with negative environmental views associated with nondegradable synthetic packaging materials creates a need for biodegradable films. Zein films plasticized with oleic acid had been proposed for biodegradable packaging applications. Conversion treatments including lamination and coating films with tung oil were reported to improve water vapor and gas barrier properties of films. In this work, the ability of treated and untreated zein films to perform as MAP for fresh broccoli florets was investigated. Florets were packaged in glass jars sealed with zein films and stored under refrigeration for 6 d. Headspace oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations were monitored during storage. Tested films allowed the development of modified atmospheres inside the packages. Broccoli florets packaged in the test films maintained their original firmness and color.     

鲜熟白切鸡气调锁鲜技术参数研究

为研究气调包装对白切鸡货架期及品质的影响,通过系统分析气调成分比例、顶空度对白切鸡贮藏过程中菌落总数、理化指标（质构、颜色、挥发性风味和包装盒膜凹陷程度）和感官指标（颜色、气味、滋味、组织状态）的影响,得出白切鸡最佳气调锁鲜技术参数以及对现行物流条件下新鲜度和货架期的延长效果。结果表明：最佳气调包装参数：顶空度为45%,气体比例为40% CO2+60% N2。在此条件和现行物流条件下贮藏过程中白切鸡品质降低,6~7 d时,白切鸡质构、颜色、挥发性风味、凹陷程度发生较大变化,而在11 d的贮藏过程中菌落总数和感官评价结果均在可接受水平范围。本研究结果对白切鸡的货架期延长及贮藏期间的品质保持具有重要意义,为白切鸡应用气调锁鲜技术提供了理论依据。     

Fresh Mushroom Quality as Affected by Modified Atmosphere Packaging

The effect of O₂ concentration, at 2–6% CO₂ on shelf-life of fresh mushrooms in modified atmosphere packages (MAP) was studied. For conventional mushrooms optimum in-package O₂ was 6% to reduce cap development. Mushrooms irrigated with 0.3% calcium chloride during cropping had a higher rate of maturation and optimum O₂ was 2% during storage. At this low O₂ concentration, however, storage may be potentially hazardous and is not recommended. Surface moisture of mushrooms significantly increased during storage and may have obscured any beneficial effect of MAP on mushroom color. Precise control of relative humidity in the package is recommended.