Monitoring trends of urban development and environmental impact of Beijing, 1999-2006

The high rates of environmental change and accelerated species loss in the urban development process should be quantified to rebalance the social and environmental dimensions of sustainability. In this study, an emergy-based environmental impact assessment model is designed according to the framework of the Eco-Indicator 99 for monitoring the negative effects on human well-being and ecosystem integrity in the urban development system of Beijing from 1999 to 2006. The environmental impact assessment model is based on the sustainability promotion perspective, and emphasizes the determinants of human health and ecosystem integrity in the urban development process. It is vital that the links among human health, ecosystem integrity and urban sustainability are therefore considered especially from the perspective of a supply-side environmental cost evaluation (including ecological service supply, ecological and economic losses and investment for treatment). Results suggest that: (1) out of all the pollutants, ecological services were mainly used to dilute sulfur dioxide and NH₃-N; (2) nitrogen dioxide and greenhouse gases released by the urban system contribute heavily to both ecological and economic losses evaluated in emergy terms; and (3) emissions impact, mainly from airborne pollutants, with small contribution from waterborne emissions, generally increases from 1999 to 2006, undermining the sustainability of Beijing. The emergy synthesis proves to be very appropriate to account for large-scale and indirect costs generated by pollution as side effects of economic activity. Such knowledge is a necessary pre-requisite to perform a reliable cost-benefit evaluation of urban sustainability strategies, and provide guidance for policy decision making to maximize benefits and minimize negative impacts.     

生态文明背景下环保产业园产业规划及空间营建方法探讨

对生态文明背景下循环经济、低碳经济等经济增长模式在产业规划及空间营建上的重点进行比较,以渭南紫兆环保产业园为例,探讨这一发展背景下环保产业园产业规划及空间营建方法。     

THE ROLE OF PRICING ON INTEGRATED WATER MANAGEMENT AT THE INDUSTRIAL PARK LEVEL: A CASE OF TEDA

Increasing water shortage and water pollution issues have attracted people to seek an integrated water management approach. This paper presents an integrated water management model at the industrial park level by employing a case of TEDA. Such a model is an overall management model for optimizing water resources within an industrial park, seeking potential water reuse among industries, incorporating the size and cost of reclaimed wastewater delivery systems. The main focus of this paper is to test how pricing strategy can influence water reuse scenarios by doing a cost sensitivity analysis. The results Indicate that when being set at the correct level, increased water charges could help reduce freshwater use and wastewater discharge, while covering administrative costs, financing environmental improvements (e.g. cleaner production), or subsidizing the operation of the wastewater treatment plant and the maintenance of freshwater infrastructure, therefore, providing water reuse incentives for water users within an industrial park.     

广州市公园对比评价研究——基于社交媒体数据的文本分析

传统公园评价的研究大多集中在单个公园使用满意度方面,存在问卷样本量小、采集时间较集中等缺陷。大数据相关研究的快速发展为公园系统评价提供了新的契机。基于对社交媒体数据的文本分析,研究对比广州市 50 个公园的评价结果,同时探究公园评价与人口统计学特征、地理区位、评价时间以及公园属性之间的关系。研究发现, 1）公园正面评价主要集中在免费设施、环境和特色等方面,而负面评价多集中于公园卫生、交通成本、停车等管理服务方面,广州公园的管理服务水平亟待提升。 2）女性较男性更关注公园能否满足其对社交场所的需求,本地游客较外地游客更关注公园本身的服务质量而非公园的外部属性。 3）基干公园应更侧重其可达性和基本的服务功能,承担大众日常活动;特色公园应更注重满足特定人群的需求及特色打造;自然公园应更关注公园生态质量并能够承担需要较大场地的活动。 4） 2010—2018 年,人们越来越关注公园特色的打造,在公园中的活动类型也越来越多样,现代公园建设更应着力于文化服务质量的提升。研究突破传统公园研究方法的局限,将大数据的手段运用到多个公园的整体评价当中,有助于建立更普适、更有针对性的公园评价指标体系,具有较高的实践价值。     

基于产业生态学视角的山地产业园生态规划探讨——以巴东综合产业园为例

运用产业生态学原理,对山地产业园区进行生态规划,既能促进区域产业经济的快速发展,便于循环产业网络的形成,增强产业园发展的稳定性和市场竞争力,又能提高资源的使用效率,减少生产环节带来的环境污染.其关键在于构建可持续的特色产业生态网络,集约开发土地与资源,构建山地产业园生态安全格局,通过产业间生态链的作用,实现经济效益最大...     

基于可拓方法的城市生态安全公园规划类型与策略研究

在全球对公共安全高度关注之下,城市生态安全公园规划逐渐成为公共安全规划研究的一个新趋势。相对于生态安全公园规划的实践层出不穷,其规划理论与方法研究还处于起步阶段。城市生态安全公园规划中的矛盾问题具有普遍性,需要处理好各类生态问题,如公园环境与人的行为心理之间的关系、公园生态性与景观之间的关系等都是需要重点解决。可拓学是解决矛盾问题的一门原创性学科,可以弥补解决矛盾问题的不足．因此．基于可拓方法进行城市生态安全公园规划策略研究具有现实性和迫切性。论文首先对城市生态安全公园概念进行界定与探讨,指出常规设计理论用于解决生态安全公园规划矛盾问题的不足,然后基于可拓学方法,从大量的生态安全公园规划问题入手,采取可拓分析与变换等手段,得出较好的规划策略,为生态安全公园规划方案制定与编制提供一个新的解决手段。     

Environmental driving forces of urban growth and development: An emergy-based assessment of the city of Rome,Italy

Large urban systems can be considered as the final point of convergence of resources, environmental services and human activities from rural settlements to villages to towns to small and big cities. The emergy synthesis method is applied in order to capture the complexity of urban systems from the point of view of the larger scale, the geobiosphere, where resources come from. Emergy is the total available energy of one kind (usually solar) directly or indirectly used up to drive a system or a process. It can be considered as a measure of a system's demand for environmental support. The population of Rome is 4.43% of total Italian population, with an emergy use of about 4% of total emergy supporting the Italian economy. Emergy use per capita is 5.50E+16 seJ/year, compared to an average value for Italy of 3.60E+16 seJ/year. An empower density of 1.09E+14 seJ/m²/year was calculated for Rome, much higher than for average Italy, 6.86E+12 seJ/m²/year. Finally, the emergy/GDP, an indirect measure of economic performance of the system, is 2.43E+12 seJ/€ for Rome compared to 1.64E+12 seJ/€ for Italy, suggesting that in an urban system (generally characterized by a larger fraction of tertiary activities) the required environmental support for the generation of economic results is much higher than for the whole economic system. Finally, comparison of above performance indicators with similar studies published by other authors (Taipei, San Juan and Macao) points out that Rome has the highest annual emergy per capita (suggesting higher potential standard of living).     

成都·资阳工业园区的色彩设计

色彩是建筑设计的重要组成部分,在当代工业园区的规划设计中,色彩应用是一个不可或缺的重要环节.当前,我国工业园区己进入向生态协调发展的阶段,但相关的工业建筑环境色彩设计领域仍处于初级的阶段.通过对成都·资阳工业发展区起步区的色彩设计实例的分析与研究,探讨经济全球化趋势下,色彩在当代工业园区中应用的方法与途径.     

宜宾纸厂工业废弃地景观再生设计

以四川宜宾纸厂工业废弃厂区为例，以循环再生，废物再利用的生态学思想为指导，采用增与减、保留与延续的设计手法，将工业元素重新组合，加入植被等新元素，构建了一个以工业为主题的公园景观，从而再现工业文明历史足迹，体现生态、文化、经济并存的可持续景观。     

生态整合目标导向下的城市开放空间资源利用与关联建设用 地布局

针对城镇建设土地利用与开放空间 系统相互割裂,土地利用布局错位的问题,提 出城市规划层面,土地利用与空间布局所承载 的自然、社会与经济过程多纬度整合的规划 思路。立足城市规划土地利用核心环节,致力 于城镇建设土地利用系统和开放空间土地资 源系统的生态整合,趋利避害。文章通过实地 走访调查及文献研究等方法,对城市土地利 用、公共空间现状及其相互关系进行了调查 研究,梳理了其中存在问题,并尝试结合案例 实践探索生态整合目标导向下的规划路径： 通过可相容性分析将环境区分配给可以创造 社会与经济增殖效益的建设土地用途,并以 此获取环境保护的经济与社会支持;运用环 境区与建设区的整体空间布局方法,最大化 环境区外部增殖效益;保护地域环境资源并 融入建设土地利用,塑造地域空间     

以天津鸿仓产业园为例谈都市产业园规划设计

阐述了中国前三代产业园的发展状况,引申出了第四代产业园的规划理念,并以天津鸿仓产业园为例,探讨了都市产业园建筑、公共空间和自然生态景观的营造模式,促使其成为与城市关系融洽的都市产业园区。     

城市产业园规划探析——以保山工贸园区总体规划为例

该次规划的目标是以土地空间规划为核心,以产业发展为导向,重视产业发展的基本门槛和配套设施建设,结合绿色经济和产业园生态化趋势,建立园区功能和空间形态的可持续发展框架。依托保山主城区,突出区域引领和承上启下的服务职能,形成双城联动的城市发展格局,提出"大力发展基础优势产业,特色升级产业,战略潜力产业以及配套服务产业",建设综合型工贸新城的思路,对工贸园的中长期发展具有指导意义。     

关于工业园区规划环评思路和内容的探讨

针对目前我国工业园区规划环境影响评价已全面展开,但评价的思路和方法尚不十分成熟的现状,根据自己近年的工作积累,将工业园区规划环境影响评价工作总结为＂一条主线贯穿、三个方面分析＂,同时对重点评价内容做出简要分析,以指导实践。     

Understanding the context of neighborhood parks: a method for public space classification

Neighborhood parks are recognized as key urban public spaces that serve the social, economic, and environmental needs of adjacent neighborhoods. However, relevant studies primarily focus on the contribution of neighborhood parks as discrete spaces, instead of neighborhood parks as built spaces within an urban context. This research provides a better understanding of the inter-relationships between various urban form measures and an alternative way of constructing public space typology based on the surrounding urban form. The research employs factor and cluster analysis to develop a typology of 150 neighborhood park contexts in the City of Chicago, Illinois. 150-neighborhood park surroundings are classified into six categories based on an understanding of the dimensional structure of urban form elements; however, the Chicago Park District currently classifies them into one broad category. The study also provides guidelines for urban design and physical planning strategies for neighborhood park development.     

Ecological risk assessment of urban and industrial systems: a review

Numerous ecological risk assessment methodologies have been developed over the last twenty years around the world for evaluating urban and industrial systems and installations, by both the organisations responsible for implementing regulations and the scientific community. Although these methodologies share the general principle underlying their use, they differ widely with respect to the approaches chosen and the resources employed to apply them. Also, they may even have different objectives: prior assessment as part of an impact study before building a new installation, or retrospective assessment, for example, in view to explaining the reasons for an impact recorded or for forecasting additional expected impacts.This article provides a synthesis of the different approaches used around the world for carrying out each of the major steps common to all ecological risk assessment methodologies. The advantages and limitations of these different options are discussed in order to provide elements for formulating any new methodology adapted to a given scenario. To conclude, perspectives for improving the tools required for these methodologies are proposed, and the research works to which priority should be given are identified.     

Sustainable Development of Wuhan City Based on Methods of Conventional Ecological Footprint and Emergy Ecological Footprint

This article uses the conventional ecological footprint method and its improved model of ecological footprint to analyze the state of the sustainable development of Wuhan City in 2009, the results show that the per capita ecological deficit calculated by the method of emergy ecological footprint is 3.8629 hm2, and the per capita ecological deficit calculated by the method of conventional ecological footprint is 2.0169 hm2. The results obtained by the two methods respectively show that current development of Wuhan is unsustainable. The emergy ecological footprint method introduces the energy flow to reflect the relationship between human resource demand and supply of nature to human and adopts parameters—emergy conversion rate and energy density to calculate the ecological carrying capacity data which is more accurate.     

后工业景观公园生态设计思潮演变研究

在信息化和智能化引领的新型工业转型和生态文明建设背景下,“后工业景观公园”作为工业遗存活化利用的主要载体,因其标志性和典型性成为风景园林界实践的重要对象,研究其生态设计思潮的演变对中国生态文明建设具有重要意义。通过梳理国内外后工业景观公园近60年的发展历程,根据公园建设背景、指导理论、生态设计手法,将生态设计思潮划分为1960—1985年探索期的环境修复模式、1986—2005年融合期的郊野景观模式、2006—2019年发展期的自然景观模式以及2020年以来兴盛期的生物友好模式4个阶段。生态设计思潮经历了从消除场地污染的环境修复到兼顾科学修复与艺术表达,从利用自生长植被群落、保护生物栖息地到设计适应生物多样性的友好环境,从被动到主动、从以人为中心的安全防控到人与自然和谐相处的生态审美转变。以期能为我国生态文明转型和高质量发展背景下的工业景观设计提供理论指导和实践借鉴。     

工业园区生态环境规划探索--以浏阳市工业园为例

本文以湖南省浏阳市工业园生态环境规划为例,探讨生态型工业园区的生态环境规划问题,包括生态工业园的标志、工业园生态环境分析与评价方法、工业园生态环境规划的基本思路和规划内容以及环境保护综合措施等.     

城市公园与防灾公园的整合设计

防灾公园在平灾两种情况下具有两种不同的作用,灾时对紧急避灾起到了重要的作用。本文结合徐州淮塔改建为防灾公园的案例,对完善防灾公园的功能规划设计进行分析探讨,从生态景观、应急设施和环境保护等方面对徐州的防灾公园改建进行规划设计。     

浅论东滩国际湿地公园发展模式

参照发达国家或地区湿地公园建设经验，不难发现湿地公园之投资均来自国家财政拨款，营运费用除财政资金外，来自一些绿色基金组织与民间团体的捐款。例如，美国大沼泽国家公园，5.2亿美元投资全部来自当地政府及美国国家公园处，占地约64hm^2的香港湿地公园总投资4.23亿港元，