A novel power planes with low radiation and broadband suppression of ground bounce noise using photonic bandgap structures

A novel power/ground planes design for eliminating the ground bounce noise (GBN) in high-speed digital circuits is proposed by using low-period photonic bandgap (PBG) structure. Keeping solid for the ground plane and designing low-period PBG pattern on the power plane, the proposed structure omni-directionally behaves highly efficient suppression of GBN (over 50 dB) within broadband frequency range from 1 GHz to 4 GHz. Although the power plane has low-period perforation, the proposed structure still performs with relatively low radiation within the stopband compared with the solid power/ground planes. The low radiation and high suppression of the GBN for the proposed structure are checked both experimentally and numerically. Good consistency is seen.     

A novel power plane with super-wideband elimination of ground bounce noise on high speed circuits

A novel L-bridged electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) power/ground planes is proposed with super-wideband suppression of the ground bounce noise (GBN) from 600Mz to 4.6GHz. The L-shaped bridge design on the EBG power plane not only broadens the stopband bandwidth, but also can increase the mutual coupling between the adjacent EBG cells by significantly decreasing the gap between the cells. It is found the small gap design can prevent from the severe degradation of the signal quality for the high-speed signal referring to the perforated EBG power plane. The excellent GBN suppression performance with keeping reasonably good signal integrity for the proposed structure is validated both experimentally and numerically. Good agreement is seen.     

Achieving both wideband mitigation of ground bounce noise and good signal integrity by novel period structure

A double-square-ring slot period structure is proposed, designed in the power plane of the circuit board to suppress the ground bounce noise (GBN) in high-speed circuits. The novel design is based on the ring splits that connect the adjacent square patches in the power plane, which results in a wideband mitigation of the GBN ranging from 500 MHz to 5.5 GHz. The impact of the etched structures on the signal integrity (SI) is also investigated. Results show that good SI can be maintained while using the novel period structure in the power plane, and further improvement of the SI performance can be obtained by employing differential pairs of microstrip line for signals.     

A reliable ground bounce noise reduction technique for nanoscale CMOS circuits

Power gating is the most effective method to reduce the standby leakage power by adding header/footer high-V_TH sleep transistors between actual and virtual power/ground rails. When a power gating circuit transitions from sleep mode to active mode, a large instantaneous charge current flows through the sleep transistors. Ground bounce noise (GBN) is the high voltage fluctuation on real ground rail during sleep mode to active mode transitions of power gating circuits. GBN disturbs the logic states of internal nodes of circuits. A novel and reliable power gating structure is proposed in this article to reduce the problem of GBN. The proposed structure contains low-V_TH transistors in place of high-V_TH footer. The proposed power gating structure not only reduces the GBN but also improves other performance metrics. A large mitigation of leakage power in both modes eliminates the need of high-V_TH transistors. A comprehensive and comparative evaluation of proposed technique is presented in this article for a chain of 5-CMOS inverters. The simulation results are compared to other well-known GBN reduction circuit techniques at 22 nm predictive technology model (PTM) bulk CMOS model using HSPICE tool. Robustness against process, voltage and temperature (PVT) variations is estimated through Monte-Carlo simulations.     

高速电路中地弹噪声抑制的研究

研究了高速电路领域中的一类重要的电源完整性问题,即电源地平面之间激发的地弹噪声问题。地 弹噪声的存在严重破坏了电源/ 地平面的完整性,导致供电电压幅度的不稳定,严重之时甚至导致电路的误判。针 对这一问题,设计了一种超宽带电磁带隙结构。实验结果表明,这种电磁带隙结构可以在0. 5 ~5. 5GHz(11 倍频程) 频段内实现优于30dB 的噪声抑制能力。文章还探讨了带隙结构作为电源平面时信号传输的完整性。研究表明,如 果电路工作频率高达GHz 或更高,在电源/ 地平面采用这种带隙结构,可以有效地避免地弹噪声带来的影响,并保证 电源和信号的完整性。     

甚宽带PBG滤波器结构

研究了光子带隙结构作为微带电路衬底的情况,分析其阻带特性的形成以及对电路性能的影响.提出了利用级联与混合并联结构设计具有很宽频带的滤波器形式.实验测量了其传输特性,验证了频率阻带的存在和作为宽带滤波器结构的可行性.     

Novel Microstrip Photonic Bandgap Cell Structures

In general, a planar microstrip photonic bandgap (PBG) structure os a periodic array of holes etched in the ground plane of a microstrip line. To use a circuit with a PBG, the PBG structure cannot be fixed on a metal base and needs to be shielded. In this paper, two kinds of novel microstrip PBG unit cells with special patterns etched in the strip line, which can be used as the conventional microstrip circuits, are proposed and analyzed in detail. The results show that the transmission line theory is valid for the theoretic analysis of PBG circuits.     

系统级封装新型埋入式电源滤波结构的研究

在高密度小尺寸的系统级封装(SiP)中,对供电系统的完整性要求越来越高,多芯片共用一个电源网路所产生的电压抖动除了会影响到芯片的正常工作,还会通过供电网路干扰到临近电路和其他敏感电路,导致芯片误动作,以及信号完整性和其他电磁干扰问题.这种电压抖动所占频带相当宽,几百MHz到几个GHz的中频电源噪声普通方法很难去除.结合埋入式电容和电源分割方法的特点,提出一种新型高性能埋入式电源低通滤波结构直接替代电源/地平面.研究表明,在0.65～4GHz的频带内隔离深度可达-40～75 dB,电源阻抗均在0.25ohm以下,实现了宽频高隔离度的高性能滤波作用.分别用电磁场和广义传输线两种仿真器模拟,高频等效电路模型分析这种低通滤波器的工作原理以及结构对隔离性能的影响,并进行了实验验证.     

Ultra-Wideband Mitigation of Simultaneous Switching Noise Using Novel Planar Electromagnetic Bandgap Structures

A novel design of power/ground plane with planar electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structures for suppressing simultaneous switching noise (SSN) is presented. The novel design is based on using meander lines to increase the effective inductance of EBG patches. A super cell EBG structure, comprising two different topologies on the same board, is proposed to extend the lower edge of the band. Both novel designs proposed here are validated experimentally. A$-$28dB suppression bandwidth starting at 250MHz and extending to 12GHz and beyond is achieved.     

A novel PBG coplanar waveguide

A novel coplanar waveguide with photonic bandgap structure is proposed and is implemented by etching holes in the ground plane with an open connected with the gap between strip line and ground plane. Simulation and measurement results show the existence of a bandgap     

Nanofabrication of 1-D photonic bandgap structures along a photonic wire

A strongly-guided one-dimensional (1-D) waveguide called a photonic wire has high spontaneous emission coupling efficiency, enabling one to realize low-threshold lasers. Combined with the use of 1-D photonic bandgap structures consisting of arrays of holes etched within the photonic wire, novel microcavity lasers can be realized. We report the nanofabrication of a photonic bandgap structure for 1.5 /spl mu/m wavelength along a InGaAsP photonic wire, and discuss numerical simulations for its electrodynamics.     

一款紧凑增强型可变阻抗电磁带隙结构

基于传统AI-EBG结构,提出了一种小尺寸的增强型电磁带隙结构,实现了从0.5~9.4 GHz的宽频带-40 dB噪声抑制深度,且下截止频率减少到数百MHz,可有效抑制多层PCB板间地弹噪声。文中同时研究了EBG结构在高速电路应用时的信号完整性问题,使用差分信号方案可改善信号完整性。     

新型电磁(光子)晶体贴片天线的研究进展

介绍了新型电磁（光子）晶体贴片天线的研究进展，尤其是几种新型光子晶体贴片天线。这些光子晶体贴片天线采用基底钻孔、地面腐蚀、加高阻抗表面以及基底上表面腐蚀等方法在贴处天线中加入光子晶体结构，改善了以高介电常数介质为基底的贴片天线的性能，也为贴片天线集成在微波电路上开辟了途径。光子晶体贴片天线这种集低剖面，易集成有好辐射性能于一身的新型天线，必将在移动通信等许多领域发挥作用。     

一种新型一维微带PBG单元结构

通过对传统二维微带 PBG 结构的研究,针对微带线的传播常数是微带线相对于接地板上周期孔眼的两个主轴的位置和方向的敏感参数而不能根据实际情况任意布线的缺点,提出了一种新型一维微带 PBG(photonic bandgap)单元结构及其等效 L-C 电路模型。本文提出的 PBG 传输线可以应用于微波集成电路中,能够减小电路尺寸,且可以抑制高次谐波的产生。     

Multi‐stack Technique for a Compact and Wideband EBG Structure in High‐Speed Multilayer Printed Circuit Boards

We propose a novel multi‐stack (MS) technique for a compact and wideband electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structure in high‐speed multilayer printed circuit boards. The proposed MS technique efficiently converts planar EBG arrays into a vertical structure, thus substantially miniaturizing the EBG area and reducing the distance between the noise source and the victim. A dispersion method is presented to examine the effects of the MS technique on the stopband characteristics. Enhanced features of the proposed MS‐EBG structure were experimentally verified using test vehicles. It was experimentally demonstrated that the proposed MS‐EBG structure efficiently suppresses the power/ground noise over a wideband frequency range with a shorter port‐to‐port spacing than the unit‐cell length, thus overcoming a limitation of previous EBG structures.     

多层结构的光子带隙特性

文中提出了一种具有光子带隙特性的多层结构,由方形金属构成的周期阵列位于介质衬底的正中.此结构与传统的微带电路完全兼容,制作时无需在介质衬底中打孔,同时保持了接地地板的完整性.文中比较了阵列平面处于不同位置时的带隙特性,然后通过改变阵列形式来改善带隙特性.文章的最后说明了该结构的一种应用方式.     

Miniaturised electromagnetic bandgap structures for broadband switching noise suppression in PCBs

A novel concept for ultra-wideband suppression of switching noise in high-speed printed circuit boards (PCBs) is proposed, implemented and tested. This concept consists of using non-symmetrical, embedded electromagnetic bandgap (EEBG) structures in conjunction with material with high dielectric constants. The proposed design modifies the classical EEBG structures to achieve a high degree of miniaturisation and an unprecedented broadband suppression of switching noise.     

一种新型的光子带隙结构单元

本文提出了一种新型的光子带隙结构单元,利用其作为微带线的基板,可以在中心频率8．6GHz处观察到一个宽于200MHz的禁带。实验测试结果与FDTD的仿真结果相吻合。     

Wideband and compact bandstop filter structure using double-plane superposition

A novel bandstop filter (BSF) structure is proposed and measured for wideband and compact circuit applications. The proposed BSF realizes the wide stopband (2-octave) characteristics by superposing two different photonic bandgap (PBG) structures into a coupled double-plane configuration. Only three cells of the proposed structure are enough for the measured 10 dB stopband from 4.3 to 16.2 GHz. We expect this novel BSF structure is widely used for compact and wideband circuit applications, such as compact high-efficiency power amplifiers using harmonic tuning techniques.     

Meander microstrip photonic bandgap filter using a Kaiser taperingwindow

Compact photonic bandgap structures in microstrip technology with reasonable physical sizes have recently been proposed as efficient frequency-band reflectors. Here, it is shown how the application of a Kaiser tapering window to the periodic pattern etched in the ground plane of the structure provides appreciable performance improvement, reducing both passband ripple and stopband attenuation and increasing bandwidth