不锈钢冶炼电炉渣结构性质及浸出行为研究

研究电弧炉（EAF）渣的结构性质及渣中重金属离子的浸出行为。结果表明,EAF渣呈碱性,渣中Fe、Cr和Ni等金属元素主要以金属颗粒、（Cr,Al）2O3和（Fe,Mn,Mg）（Cr,Al）2O4晶体形式存在,具有较高的回收价值;电炉渣中可浸出重金属离子含量未超出国家标准,但存在Cr（III）再氧化为Cr（VI）的可能;Cr（VI）浸出量随浸出时间延长而增加,且Cr（VI）在蒸馏水中的浸出能力较冰醋酸中强。因此,EAF渣应尽量避免堆放或填埋在低pH场所,以防止其中重金属离子浸出。     

316L不锈钢的高压增氮与脱氧研究

采用真空/高压感应炉在0.1~1.0 MPa高纯氮气氛下熔炼316L不锈钢,分析了氮的溶解度与氮分压之间的关系。氮在316L不锈钢中的溶解服从Sievert定律。采用热力学数据预测了不同氮分压下316L不锈钢中氮的溶解度,计算结果表明,预测值与实验值相吻合。采用铝、硅钙以及二者混合进行脱氧,总氧含量可以达到20×10-4%以下,提出了制备低氧高氮316L不锈钢的实验条件。     

Intergranular corrosion behavior of high nitrogen austenitic stainless steel

The intergranular corrosion (IGC) behavior of high nitrogen austenitic stainless steel(HNSS) sensitization treated at 650-950℃ was investigated by the double loop electrochemical potentiodynamic reactivation(DL-EPR) method.The effects of the electrolytes,scan rate,sensitizing temperature on the susceptibility to IGC of HNSS were examined. The results show that the addition of NaCl is an effective way to improve the formation of the cracking of a passive film in chromium-depleted zones during the reactivation scan. Decreasing the scan rate exhibits an obvious effect on the breakdown of the passive film. A solution with 2 mol/L H2_SO_4+1 mol/L NaCl+0.01 mol/L KSCN is suitable to check the susceptibility to IGC of HNSS at a sensitizing temperature of 650-950℃ at a suitable scan rate of 1.667 mV/s. Chromium depletion of HNSS is attributed to the precipitation of Cr_2N which results in the susceptibility to IGC. The synergistic effect of Mo and N is suggested to play an important role in stabilizing the passive film to prevent the attack of IGC.     

Preparation of high nitrogen and nickel-free austenitic stainless steel by powder injection molding

High nitrogen and nickel-free austenitic stainless steel has received much recognition worldwide because it can solve the problem of "nickel-allergy" and has outstanding mechanical and physical properties. In this article, 0Cr17Mn11Mo3N was prepared by powder injection molding (PIM) technique accompanied with solid-nitriding. The results show that the critical solid loading can achieve up to 64vol% by use of gas-atomized powders with the average size of 17.4 μm. The optimized sintering conditions are de-termined to be 1300°C, 2 h in flowing nitrogen atmosphere, at which the relative density reaches to 99% and the N content is as high as 0.78wt%. After solution annealing at 1150°C for 90 min and water quench, the 0.2% yield strength, ultimate tensile strength (UTS), elongation, reduction in area, and hardness can reach as high as 580 MPa, 885 MPa, 26.0%, 29.1%, and Hv 222, respectively.     

双相不锈钢表面奥氏体高氮层的制备技术

高温渗氮是在奥氏体/铁素体双相不锈钢表面形成奥氏体高氮层的一种有效方法.为了获得氮含量高、组织均匀且适合于后续加工的表面高氮不锈钢层，必须确定合理的高温渗氮工艺.通过优化高温渗氮工艺参数，研究了双相不锈钢高温渗氮过程中加热温度、保温时间、氮气压力等对渗氮效果的影响.结果表明，通过高温高压渗氮可使不锈钢表面形成高氮氮化层，可使双相不锈钢通过渗氮发生表面奥氏体转变，获得组织梯度变化的多相复合不锈钢材料.     

含氮马氏体不锈钢氮含量控制的研究

主要研究了真空感应炉中的氮气分压对马氏体不锈钢含氮量的影响.采用气体保护在真空感应炉中加入氮化物与母材混合进行熔炼的方法，通过氩气、氮气、氩气和氮气混合气体分别作保护气体对马氏体不锈钢中氮元素收得率研究发现：提高马氏体不锈钢中含氮量的决定因素是氮元素的化学势(即炉内的氮气分压)而不是炉内的气体压力，从而推导出氮气分压和不锈钢熔体中氮的溶解度经验公式，计算值与实测值基本吻合，为制备含氮马氏体不锈钢控制氮含量提供理论依据.     

Influence of chemical composition and cold deformation on aging precipitation behavior of high nitrogen austenitic stainless steels

The influence of chemical composition and cold deformation on aging precipitation behavior of 18Cr-16Mn-2Mo-I.IN （HNS-A）, 18Cr-16Mn-I.3N （HNS-B）, 18Cr-18Mn-2Mo-0.96N （HNS-C） and 18Cr-18Mn-2Mo-0.77N （I-INS-D） high nitrogen austenitic stainless steels was investigated. The results show that the ＂nose＂ temperatures and incubation periods of the initial time-temperature-precipitation （TTP） curves of aged HNSs are found to be 850 ℃, 60 s; 850 ℃, 45 s; 850 ℃, 60 s and 900 ℃, 90 s, respectively. Based on the analysis of SAD patterns, the coarse cellular Cr2N precipitate which presents a lamellar structure has a hexagonal structure of a=0.478 nm and c=0.444 nm. The Z phase corresponding to a composition of Fe36Cr~2Mo10, is determined to be a body-centered cubic structure ofa=0.892 nm. The precipitating sensitivity presents no more difference with the nitrogen content increasing from 0.77% to 0.96%, but exhibits so obviously that the cellular precipitates nearly overspread the whole field. The addition of Mo element can restrain the TTP curves moving left and down, which means decreasing the sensitivity of aging precipitation. With increasing the cold deformation, the sensitivity of precipitation increases obviously.     

应变速率对18Cr-12Mn-0.55N高氮奥氏体不锈钢塑性流变行为的影响

研究了拉伸应变速率对高氮奥氏体不锈钢18Cr-12Mn-0.55N（质量分数/%）室温力学性能和塑性流变行为的影响.结果表明,随应变速率的升高,实验钢的屈服强度R0.2增大,断后延伸率A减小,抗拉强度Rm略有降低,断面收缩率Z变化不大;在各应变速率下,实验钢的塑性流变行为均可用Ludwigson模型进行描述;随应变速率的升高,实验钢的加工硬化能力和发生屈服时第一根位错开动所需的短程作用力降低;增大应变速率促进多系滑移和交滑移,降低瞬变应变,使实验钢的塑性流变行为在更低的应变水平符合Ludwik模型.     

氮含量和环境温度对316L不锈钢耐腐蚀性的影响

研究低温条件下腐蚀溶液温度以及钢中氮含量对316L奥氏体不锈钢耐腐蚀性能的影响,在1mol／L H2SO4＋0．5mol／L NaCl的腐蚀液中,对氮含量为0．0095％～0．5575％的316L奥氏体不锈钢进行阳极极化曲线及电化学阻抗测量。结果表明,提高氮含量,316L奥氏体不锈钢耐蚀性增强;腐蚀液温度升高,316L奥氏体不锈钢耐蚀性减弱。     

Pitting corrosion and crevice corrosion behaviors of high nitrogen austenitic stainless steels

Pitting corrosion and crevice corrosion behaviors of high nitrogen austenitic stainless steels(HNSS) were investigated by electrochemical and immersion testing methods in chloride solution,respectively.The chemical constitution and composition in the depth of passive films formed on HNSS were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectrum(XPS).HNSS has excellent pitting and crevice corrosion resistance compared to 316L stainless steel.With increasing the nitrogen content in steels,pitting potentials and critical ...     

镍对07Cr17Ni12Mo2N奥氏体不锈钢组织和高温拉伸性能的影响

利用Gleeble-1500D热模拟机对07Cr17Ni12Mo2N奥氏体不锈钢试样分别在950,1000,1 050,1 100℃以0.05 s-1的应变速率进行了高温拉伸试验,通过分析试验钢组织、断面收缩率曲线、抗拉强度曲线、断口形貌,研究镍对试验钢高温拉伸性能的影响.结果表明：降镍后试验钢仍为单一的奥氏体组织;热塑性有所降低,断面收缩率平均下降了18.87％;抗拉强度平均提高了12.39％.     

含稀土元素Y的2Cr13不锈钢热变形组织与性能研究

利用Cleeble-1500D热模拟试验机,研究含稀土元素Y的2Cr13不锈钢热变形性能及冷却后组织.通过观察分析原始组织与四道次变形后组织,以及热模拟试验曲线,得出了四道次变形后的组织和应力应变的变化规律.     

Fabrication of high nitrogen austenitic stainless steels with excellent mechanical and pitting corrosion properties

A series of high nitrogen austenitic stainless steels were successfully developed with a pressurized electroslag remelting furnace. Nitride additives and deoxidizer were packed into the stainless steel pipes, and then the stainless steel pipes were welded on the surface of an electrode with low nitrogen content to prepare a compound electrode. Using Si3N4 as a nitrogen alloying source, the silicon contents in the ingots were prone to be out of the specification range, the electric current fluctuated greatly...     

A2N/BAF组合工艺深度除磷脱氮研究

针对我国南方低碳氮比生活污水,开展以BAF为硝化单元的A2N工艺小试研究,针对超越污泥携带NH4+导致出水超标及二沉池出水SS偏高时TP超标问题,进一步研究增加二级BAF单元的处理效果,形成A2N/BAF工艺.结果表明:A2N段对COD、NH4+-N、TP平均去除率分别为82.0%、70.9%、90.0%;当进水NH4+-N超过40.0 mg/L时,二沉池出水NH4+-N超过10.0 mg/L;二级BAF单元能够硝化二沉池出水NH4+-N及截留SS,最终出水COD、TP、NH4+-N、NO3--N、SS平均质量浓度分别为35、0.35、1.06、8.01、7 mg/L,稳定达到一级A标准.     

2520不锈钢的高温氧化行为研究

采用静态增重法测定2520不锈钢在高温条件下的氧化动力学,运用X射线衍射测定氧化物类型,运用扫描电镜（SEM）观察不同氧化时间形成的氧化膜的形貌,通过能谱分析（EDS）氧化膜的成分,研究2520不锈钢的高温氧化行为.实验结果表明,氧化物类型主要为Fe2O3,且氧化物类型随温度的升高而变化.在氧化初期,氧化物中富Fe,氧...     

冷却速率对一种建筑用双相不锈钢组织和性能的影响

为了分析一种新型建筑材料00Cr25Ni5Mo3N双相不锈钢在淬火过程中的开裂原因,通过改变冷却方式研究了冷却速率对双相不锈钢组织和强韧性的影响,并通过数值模拟技术研究了冷却速率对双相不锈钢淬火应力的影响.结果表明,冷却速率对双相不锈钢强度的影响不大,而随着冷却速率的降低,其塑性和韧性呈现出明显降低趋势,而塑性和韧性的降低是σ相的析出所导致的.降低冷却速率和提高终冷温度能够有效降低淬火应力,进而降低材料的开裂倾向.     

Ce对00Cr17高纯铁素体不锈钢再结晶及晶粒长大的影响

利用显微硬度计、金相显微镜、差热分析仪和XRD研究了稀土元素Ce对00Cr17高纯铁素体不锈钢再结晶及晶粒长大的影响.结果表明,00Cr17钢中加入Ce降低了再结晶温度,促进了再结晶的发生.主要是由于微量Ce固溶到00Cr17钢中引起晶格畸变,增加了冷变形储存能,从而增大了00Cr17钢的再结晶驱动力.00Cr17钢中加入Ce增加了晶粒长大激活能,减小了晶粒生长指数,阻碍了00Cr17钢的晶粒长大,这是由于Ce偏聚到晶界,增大晶界运动的阻力.     

氮对新型无镍高氮奥氏体不锈钢塑性流变行为的影响

利用Ludw igson模型研究了两种氮含量不同的无镍奥氏体不锈钢18Cr-12Mn-0.55N（质量分数/%）和18Cr-18Mn-0.63N在室温快速拉伸时的塑性流变行为.结果表明,由于N含量的增大,实验钢18Cr-18Mn-0.63N的加工硬化能力明显强于实验钢18Cr-12Mn-0.55N.N促进CrMnN奥氏体不锈钢中的短程有序,使位错在更高的应变水平进行单系滑移和平面滑移,推迟位错的多系滑移和交滑移,因而提高CrMnN奥氏体不锈钢的加工硬化能力.     

316L不锈钢等离子渗钛-热氧化制备TiO2膜及性能

为了提高316L不锈钢的表面性能,以满足其在医用环境下服役的要求,利用等离子表面合金化和真空热氧化复合处理技术,在316L不锈钢表面制备TiO₂薄膜。借助金相显微、辉光放电发射谱（GDOED）、x-射线光电子谱（XPS）和x-射线衍射（XRD）分析薄膜的组织结构,以蒸馏水为对象进行光诱导超亲水性试验,用球-盘磨损试验对比测试薄膜与基体的摩擦学性能。结果表明：薄膜均匀致密,Ti、O元素沿层深呈梯度分布,具有锐钛矿型TiO₂结构; 薄膜具有较高的亲水性,可见光照射下,30 min内接触角降为8.5°; 在7.6 N负荷下,薄膜与Al₂O₃陶瓷球对磨时的摩擦系数为0.30~0.40,磨损率仅为1.14×10^-4 mm³·N^-1·m^-1,复合处理后薄膜耐磨减摩性能指标明显优于不锈钢基材.     

真空感应炉近常压气氛保护熔炼高氮马氏体不锈钢

研究了在真空感应炉近常压气氛保护熔炼条件下氮在马氏体不锈钢0Cr16Ni5Mo中的溶解度,探讨了炉内保护气体种类、氮化铬铁加入量对钢中氮含量的影响.结果表明,炉内保护气体种类对钢中氮的溶解度有较大影响,氮化铬铁合金加入量对钢氮含量的影响因保护气体种类不同而异.