Toward a paradigm for distributed intelligence

This paper describes a proposed model for a distributed intelligence system. The system is based on a communicating network of nodes where each node is a concurrent blackboard system. A preliminary concurrent blackboard system, which carries out a Penrose tiling of a planar area is discussed. This work leads to the general model—an interconnected network of such systems. The shell for such a system has been developed in the declarative, parallel programming language STRAND. This shell is described and analyzed in some detail, specifically as it functions at a node in the system. Two applications of the proposed approach are discussed.     

MODELING TIMED BEHAVIOR IN REAL-TIME SYSTEMS WITH TEMPORAL LOGIC

This article presents graphic as well as assertional representations of the timed behavior of a real-time system. It introduces finite, directed, labeled graphs called temporal I/O automata (TA_i/o) to provide a visual means of modeling system behavior. A real-time system is modeled as a collection of communicating TA_i/os. A TA_i/o is associated with an external clock, which makes it possible to formulate hard, real-time constraints on actions performed by a system. Timing constraints provide control engineers with a means of measuring the responsive ness of a system to its environment. This article suggests how real-time temporal logic can be used to describe system behavior concisely. Temporal specifications provide (1) a means of verifying the; correctness of a system design, and (2) a basis for constructing implementations of system designs. The behavior of control systems for autonomous vehicles guided by visual feedback are described graphically with TA_i/oS and textually with temporal logic formulas. Suggestions on how such control systems can be implemented in distributed Ada are also presented.     

基于迭代学习的离散线性时变系统故障诊断

针对一类离散线性时变系统的故障诊断问题,提出一种新的故障检测与估计算法.该算法通过引入虚拟故障构建离散故障跟踪估计器,在选取的优化时域内,利用估计器输出和系统实际输出产生的残差信号,采用迭代学习算法来调节虚拟故障,使虚拟故障逼近系统中实际发生的故障,从而达到对系统故障诊断的目的.该方法不仅能检测出系统不同类型的故障,还可以实现对故障信号的精确估计.仿真结果验证了所提出方法的有效性.     

Synergy between Activity Theory and goal/scenario modeling for requirements elicitation,analysis, and evolution

ContextIt is challenging to develop comprehensive, consistent, analyzable requirements models for evolving requirements. This is particularly critical for certain highly interactive types of socio-technical systems that involve a wide range of stakeholders with disparate backgrounds; system success is often dependent on how well local social constraints are addressed in system design.ObjectiveThis paper describes feasibility research, combining a holistic social system perspective provided by Activity Theory (AT), a psychological paradigm, with existing system development methodologies and tools, specifically goal and scenario modeling.MethodAT is used to understand the relationships between a system, its stakeholders, and the system’s evolving context. The User Requirements Notation (URN) is used to produce rigorous, analyzable specifications combining goal and scenario models. First, an AT language was developed constraining the framework for automation, second consistency heuristics were developed for constructing and analyzing combined AT/URN models, third a combined AT/URN methodology was developed, and consequently applied to a proof-of-concept system.ResultsAn AT language with limited tool support was developed, as was a combined AT/URN methodology. This methodology was applied to an evolving disease management system to demonstrate the feasibility of adapting AT for use in system development with existing methodologies and tools. Bi-directional transformations between the languages allow proposed changes in system design to be propagated to AT models for use in stakeholder discussions regarding system evolution.ConclusionsThe AT framework can be constrained for use in requirements elicitation and combined with URN tools to provide system designs that include social system perspectives. The developed AT/URN methodology can help engineers to track the impact on system design due to requirement changes triggered by changes in the system’s social context. The methodology also allows engineers to assess the impact of proposed system design changes on the social elements of the system context.     

Improving sample analysis throughput and quality with a .NET-based, real-time QC decision support system

This report describes an integrated, software-based quality control system designed to significantly improve the sample analysis throughput and quality of beryllium analysis laboratories throughout the U.S. Department of Energy complex. Originally, this system was developed to minimize the downtimes of expensive instrumentation (here: Perkin Elmer^® 4300^™ DV Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometers) and to automate the sample analysis quality control process. This automated software system was also expected to eliminate time-consuming and error-prone result data interpretation, which previously was done manually. To achieve these goals, Los Alamos National Laboratory recently implemented a rule-based decision support system in the C#.NET^™ that continuously extracts and analyzes data from the instrument's result database as the data is being generated. Using a customer-specific expert rule base, the system is capable of detecting abnormal operating situations fully autonomously in real time. This also enables the system to perform on-the-fly quality control and automatic, electronic event notification of lab personnel via e-mail and pager.     

昆明电大校园综合管理信息系统设计与实现

本文介绍使用LAMP(Linux,Apache,MySQL,PHP)设计昆明电大校园网络综合管理信息系统。系统模块分别是校园新闻管理系统;学校信息交流、办公文件、通知发布的无纸化OA系统;局域网内的邮件系统;教学、教务管理系统;学生信息系统;招生系统;毕业论文管理系统;图书管理系统。提供了一个基于校园网的全面信息管理解决方案。系统设计采用流行的B/S模式,用动态网页开发软件PHP5作为前端开发工具,客户机只要是可以运行IE5,Firefox,Mozilla浏览器的任何操作系统。     

基于U模型的非线性控制系统设计方法：十年发展综述

非线性系统的控制一直是具有挑战性的普遍问题,建立一个通用、易于控制器设计并具有高精度的非线性模型是解决控制系统设计的关键, U模型的起源正是基于这样的认识演变而来的。自U模型被提出以来,已为非线性控制系统设计开创了一个新的研究领域。为此,在总结十年来基于U模型的对象辨识、控制系统设计和鲁棒性研究的基础上,分析已进行的研究工作所具有的优势和所存在的问题,并提出了基于U模型的非线性系统分析和设计的进一步可能的研究方向。     

实时系统时间并行模型确定性分析

研究实时并行系统的确定性,采用面向执行体构件建模和广义测度固定点理论研究系统收敛条件.把实时系统构建为用时间信号联系的面向执行的构件集合,采用超致密时间(SDT)表示混合系统信号标签模型,定义构件为时间模型上的偏序集函数,构成有反馈作用的偏序集函数组合,用广义超测度空间固定点理论分析时间并行模型因果构件的收敛性和系统响应的存在和唯一性.     

不可测前件变量模糊H∞观测器研究及在GMAW系统的应用

基于前件变量未知的T-S模糊系统设计一类模糊观测器.将模糊系统转化为广义系统的形式,提出一种广义系统的观测器设计方法,消除了控制输入对观测误差方程的影响.针对测量端含有扰动的模糊系统,通过拉格朗目中值定理,将模糊观测器转化为一组线性矩阵不等式的求解问题,并将这种观测器的设计方法应用到熔化极气体保护焊系统,快速有效地实现了对弧长的观测.最后通过仿真分析验证了所提出的观测器设计方法的有效性.     

On specification of multiprocessor computing

Summary The paper presents a new specification style for computations to be executed in an essentially multiprocessor environment. This style is based on two pragmatic premises: (1) the specification is derived from considerations of system reaction related to system state, rather than to a goal to be achieved, (2) a reaction enabled by a system state is executed independently of any other system activity but its outcome is accepted only if the system by itself satisfies a postguard condition, i.e. finds itself in a (possibly different) well-defined state.     

Design of multi‐band antenna for LTE wearable device with shared slots and radiators for smart watch

In this study, multi‐band antenna for LTE wearable device with shared slots and radiators for smart watch was present. This study incorporated 4G communication frequency bands, a GPS positioning system, and BT/Wi‐Fi in a 43.6 × 43.6 × 5.8 mm³ metal case to achieve satisfactory radiation fields and performance efficiency within a small space. This article presents an overview of the theory. There are four ports in the system. Frist, Port 1 is a low‐frequency antenna offering LTE 700 and GSM 850/900. The maximal gain and efficiency are respectively 3.9 dBi and 82%. Second, Port 2 is a high‐frequency monopole with a winding long path on the side of the frame to achieve a reflection loss bandwidth that fully encompasses GSM 1800/1900/UMTS and LTE 2300/2500. The maximal gain and efficiency of this port are respectively 5.3 dBi and 92%. There are also have GPS (Port 3) and Wi‐Fi (Port 4) antenna implement IFA and loop excitation mechanisms, respectively. This antenna system can fulfill the market demand. As confirmed through both simulation and measurement, the antenna can cover LTE bands. Increasing the path capacity of a MIMO system to increase the transmission speed is a crucial focus in mobile communication research and development.     

CSMA with collision avoidance

Advances in local area networking have allowed users to run many different applications on one system. Users are now asking for greater access, more functions, more power and greater reliability. This requires that the system tasks should be distributed, and means that the interconnection system used should be highly reliable; ‘passive’, so that no failed component can bring the entire system down; support high through-put; and operate on low-cost cable. This paper describes a broadband transmission system based on a single, passive coaxial cable which detects possible collisions before the data is sent. Examples of two remote stations and two adjacent stations competing for transmission are given, along with performance comparisons of CSMA/CD and CSMA/CA.     

The relationships between hand coupling force and vibration biodynamic responses of the hand-arm system

This study conducted two series of experiments to investigate the relationships between hand coupling force and biodynamic responses of the hand–arm system. In the first experiment, the vibration transmissibility on the system was measured as a continuous function of grip force while the hand was subjected to discrete sinusoidal excitations. In the second experiment, the biodynamic responses of the system subjected to a broadband random vibration were measured under five levels of grip forces and a combination of grip and push forces. This study found that the transmissibility at each given frequency increased with the increase in the grip force before reaching a maximum level. The transmissibility then tended to plateau or decrease when the grip force was further increased. This threshold force increased with an increase in the vibration frequency. These relationships remained the same for both types of vibrations. The implications of the experimental results are discussed.

Practitioner Summary: Shocks and vibrations transmitted to the hand–arm system may cause injuries and disorders of the system. How to take hand coupling force into account in the risk assessment of vibration exposure remains an important issue for further studies. This study is designed and conducted to help resolve this issue.     

自主式智能体有限时间停车问题及控制策略设计

提出自主式智能体在有限时间内的停车控制问题.基于极坐标系下自主式智能体的非线性运动模型,将智能体运动控制系统分解为原地转动的线性系统和直线运动、转动结合的弱非线性系统两种形式.利用 Lyapunov 设计方法,得到在有限时间内智能体到达给定停车区域的切换控制律,并给出到达给定区域所需时间的估算公式.仿真算例表明了所提出控制方法的有效性.     

Robust H∞ control of uncertain nonlinear systemvia state feedback

This technical note presents a solution of robust H_∞ control problem for an affine nonlinear system with gain bounded uncertainty. It is shown that the L₂-induced norm of a closed-loop system with the uncertainty is less than one if an extended nonlinear system with no uncertainty is dissipative with respect to a supply rate. In consequence of this result, a state feedback law such that the closed-loop system has H_∞ robust performance is derived based on the Hamilton-Jacobi inequality. It is also shown that the existing results for linear systems are special cases of the presented results     

The evolving model of communication in sociotechnical systems

Reflection on the natural/artificial, real/imaginary, subjective/objective dicotomies is increasingly the subject of debate on systems of communication, which make more and more widespread use of expert and/or intelligent advanced technologies. This paper analyses different forms of communication operating in a socio-technical system. The analysis is concerned with changes in creativity and participation of the human being in the decision and production processes within various contexts of social life. It is thus important to verify the possibility of an interpolation between vital world, social system, and information technologies in order to understand a possible interrelation between therational and therelational components in the presentsocio-technical system.     

Optimal control of the thrusted skate

This paper derives optimal controls for the thrusted skate between any two points in the plane. The thrusted skate consists of a skate, which steers the motion in , and a fixed-orientation thruster which provides the power to move the system. This system is a simple example of a class of fully actuated mechanical systems consisting of a single power actuator and a number of workless steering actuators which guide the motion of the system.     

Round-Eye: A system for tracking nearest surrounders in moving object environments

This paper presents “Round-Eye”, a system for tracking nearest surrounding objects (or nearest surrounders) in moving object environments. This system provides a platform for surveillance applications. The core part of this system is continuous nearest surrounder (NS) query that maintains views of the nearest objects at distinct angles from query points. This query differs from conventional spatial queries such as range queries and nearest neighbor queries as NS query considers both distance and angular aspects of objects with respect to a query point at the same time. In our system framework, a centralized server is dedicated (1) to collect location updates of both objects and queries, (2) to determine which NS queries are invalidated in presence of object/query location changes and corresponding result changes if any, and (3) to refresh the affected query answers. To enhance the system performance in terms of processing time and network bandwidth consumption, we propose various techniques, namely, safe region, partial query reevaluation, and incremental query result update. Through simulations, we evaluate our system with the proposed techniques over a wide range of settings.     

混合时滞不确定中立系统鲁棒稳定的时滞分割方法

研究了一类同时具有离散与分布时滞的不确定中市型系统的鲁棒稳定性问题.基于时滞分割思想,通过构造一类特殊的Lyapunov-Krasovskii泛函,并利用Jensen不等式,建立了线性矩阵不等式形式的时滞相关鲁棒稳定性新判据.该方法不涉及模型变换与自由权矩阵技术,减少了理论与计算上的复杂性;同时允许中立时滞项的系数矩阵...     

Equivalence of Convolution Systems in a Behavioral Framework

In this paper the problem of system equivalence is tackled for a rather general class of linear time-invariant systems. We consider AR-systems described by linear continuous shift-invariant operators with finite memory, acting on Fréchet-signal spaces, containing the space {\cal E} ({\open R}) of infinitely differentiable functions on {\open R}. This class is in one–one correspondence with matrices of suitable sizes over the convolution algebra {\cal E} ({\open R}) of all compactly supported distributions. Using some deep results from the theory of Fréchet spaces, various necessary and sufficient conditions for system equivalence and system inclusion are formulated. It is shown that a surjectivity demand on the system defining convolution operator matrix is necessary and sufficient for being able to translate the problem of system equivalence into division properties over the convolution algebra {\cal E}({\open R}). This surjectivity condition is guaranteed if the system defining matrix over {\cal E}({\open R}) has a right-inverse over {\cal D}({\open R}), the space of all Schwartz distributions. Date received: February 9, 2000. Date revised: April 11, 2003.