纺织品仿生结构生色

结构生色是一种无需应用染料/颜料等化学着色剂就能产生绚丽多彩颜色的物理生色技术,该技术的研发和应用可为生态纺织的发展起到积极的推动作用。为此,简要介绍结构生色的基本概念和原理并从纺织染整的角度,阐述纺织品仿生结构生色常用的技术手段及其工业化应用存在的问题和面临的挑战,提出解决这些问题的若干思路和策略;概述结构生色技术在生态纺织、时尚纺织和智能纺织领域的应用和潜在应用,展望纺织品结构生色的未来发展方向。认为:色素着色和结构生色的并存和结合将是未来纺织染整领域发展和进步的必由之路。     

结构生色及其在纺织领域的应用

光与微观结构相互作用产生的颜色被称为结构色.结构色具有高亮度、高饱和度、永不褪色等诸多优点,在纺织领域有很大的发展前景.从薄膜干涉、衍射、散射和光子晶体等不同途径介绍了结构色产生的原理,以及纺织领域用结构色的制备技术和特点,指出目前所制备的结构色存在的角度依赖性、不稳定性、牢度评价和颜色重现性等制约了结构色在纺织领域的...     

吸湿排汗纺织品的开发现状

根据纺织品的吸湿排汗原理和产品开发流程,从纺织纤维原料、织物组织结构和后整理加工等方面介绍吸湿排汗纺织品的开发状况,对各种开发方式的应用进行分析,重点指出纺织原料结合织物组织结构研发的吸湿快干产品具有极大的应用价值。     

纺织材料的分类、特点、性能及发展

纺织材料学是纺织科学与工程的基础,它为人们提供纺织纤维原料、纱线、织物的基本结构、主要性能、评价指标的原理、状态、基本依据和分析方法等,随着科学技术的不断发展,纺织纤维原料、纺织产品、纺织生产技术都经历了巨大的创新与变革,纺织材料也在不断更新、不断进步,它已经成为人们生活中不可或缺的一部分。     

罗布麻剥皮机设计浅析

为利用我国丰富的野生罗布麻资源开发新的纺织原料,提出了罗布麻剥皮机的结构,并对机械剥皮的可能性和结构原理进行了分析。     

3D打印纺织服装的应用及研究进展

文章从3D打印技术的原理及特点出发,介绍了3D打印技术的类别、工艺及打印产品等。阐述了纺织服装3D打印材料的研究现状,分析了3D打印纺织织物的结构及特点、3D打印织物组织结构装配服装、3D打印纺织服装与色彩及3D打印纺织智能服装。最后对3D打印技术在纺织服装领域发展的局限性及发展趋势进行了分析,可为3D打印技术在纺织服装中的进一步研究提供参考,优化纺织服装产品的性能。     

自供电纺织基柔性应变传感器研究进展北大核心CSCD

将纺织品与能源收集器和传感器相结合,为物联网时代人体可穿戴电子产品提供一种持续、环保、可穿戴的能源解决方案。本文根据不同的自供电原理将纺织基自供电传感器主要分为摩擦电型、压电型、热电型三大类,综述了近年来自供电纺织基柔性传感器的研究进展,分类介绍它们的供电原理、结构制备、材料选择、应用场景等,总结了目前纺织基柔性传感器在电子皮肤领域的研究进展,并对纺织基柔性传感器存在的问题和前景进行讨论。     

功能性结构色纳米纺织材料的研究进展

结构生色是一种无需染料或颜料的纺织品着色技术,因其绿色环保、颜色易调控等优点,成为当前研究的热点。文章介绍了光子晶体结构色,包括光子晶体结构生色的原理、分类与制备方法、以及纳米微球的种类。其次从机械稳定和不同功能应用方面,介绍了结构色纳米纺织材料的制备和性能,并分析了他们的优缺点。机械稳定型结构色纳米纺织材料主要利用添加黏合剂来提高光子晶体结构的稳定性,使纺织材料上的光子晶体耐摩擦、水洗等;通过微球或基材表面的化学或物理改性,可使改性的结构色纺织材料具备疏水、疏油功能;响应型结构色纳米纺织材料主要是在光子晶体中引入具有刺激响应功能的材料,使纺织材料对外界刺激产生不同响应效果。最后指出功能性结构色纳米纺织材料发展中存在的问题,并对该研究方向进行了展望。     

纺织测试仪器鉴定会

纺织工业部委托上海纺织工业局于1978年11月22日在上海市纺织科学研究院召开五种纺织测试仪器的鉴定会。会上,上海市纺织科学研究院和上海纤维检验局介绍了五只仪器的性能、结构、原理及研制过程,各试用单位反映了实际试用情况。现将五只仪器介绍如下。 1.纤维热空气收缩仪     

后整理设备中的展布装置

阐述了纺织后整理设备常用展布装置的结构、原理及其使用。     

纺织基柔性力学传感器研究进展

针对纺织基柔性力学传感器成型构筑机理、传感响应原理、应用领域不明确、不清晰等问题,系统综述了近几年国内外纺织基柔性力学传感器的制备、性能及应用的研究,并分别分析了纺织基电阻式力学传感器、电容式力学传感器在人体运动、生命体征检测及人机交互等领域的应用优势。结果表明：一维纤维状传感器和二维织物传感器因其结构可变化性、组合可设计性等特点成为主要的纺织基传感器结构,传感器具有理想的线性度、迟滞性、重复性、灵敏度、稳定性等特性。高导电性、高弹性及回复性、高灵敏性和耐久性是纺织基柔性力学传感器的重要发展方向。     

Chemical antifouling strategies in sensors for food analysis: A review

Surface biofouling induced by the undesired nonspecific adsorption of foulants (e.g., coexisting proteins and cells) in food matrices is a major issue of sensors for food analysis, hindering their reliability and accuracy of sensing. This issue can be addressed by developing antifouling strategies to prevent or alleviate nonspecific binding. Chemical antifouling strategies involve the use of chemical modifiers (i.e., antifouling materials) to strongly hydrate the surface and reduce surface biofouling. Through appropriate immobilization approaches, antifouling materials can be tethered onto sensors to form antifouling surfaces with well-ordered structures, balanced surface charges, and appropriate surface density and thickness. A rational antifouling surface can reduce the matrix effect, simplify sample pretreatment, and improve analytical performance. This review summarizes recent developments in chemical antifouling strategies in sensing. Surface antifouling mechanisms and common antifouling materials are described, and factors that may influence the antifouling effects of antifouling surfaces and approaches incorporating antifouling materials onto sensing surfaces are highlighted. Moreover, the specific applications of antifouling sensors in food analysis are introduced. Finally, we provide an outlook on future developments in antifouling sensors for food analysis.     

Environmental monitoring of hydrocarbons: a chemical sensor perspective

Assessing the environmental impact of organic pollutants requires reliable analytical tools that can rapidly screen them with minimal sample handling. Chemical sensors are expected to play an increasing role in environmental monitoring, and recent technological advances are certain to facilitate the application of chemical sensing devices. The search for highly selective, sensitive, low cost, stable, and robust sensors for hydrocarbons is an area of interest that is reflected by many publications on this topic. This report surveys some of the work that has been undertaken using sensors to detect hydrocarbons in the gas and liquid phase. The analytical capabilities of various sensors are compared and discussed in terms of their selectivity, sensitivity, and detection limit. It was found that the sensitivity is highly dependent on the experimental conditions used in the preparation of the sensing surface. Many sensors display acceptable sensitivity under controlled laboratory conditions; however, very few are selective enough to distinguish among several hydrocarbons in complex mixtures. Selectivity is still a challenge that is hindering the widespread application of chemical sensors for environmental monitoring of hydrocarbons and a number of strategies have been proposed to help overcome some of these problems.     

基于贵金属纳米酶的比色传感技术在食品安全检测中的应用

纳米酶是一类具有生物催化功能的纳米材料,其中贵金属纳米酶具有独特高表面积、电子磁性和光学性质的优势,还具有与蛋白质和寡核苷酸结合的能力,广泛应用于食品安全检测;比色传感技术具有简单、低成本和可视化等优势。基于贵金属纳米酶结合比色传感技术,已经成为研究热点。本文综述了国内外基于贵金属纳米酶的比色传感技术在食品安全检测中的应用,重点阐述了贵金属纳米粒子传感器、贵金属结合非贵金属粒子传感器、贵金属结合有机材料传感器以及特殊贵金属材料传感器的特点及应用,并对未来发展前景提出展望和建议,以期为开发简单、高效、低成本的食品安全比色传感快速检测方法提供参考。     

基于过渡金属的葡萄糖无酶电化学传感器研究进展

葡萄糖传感器广泛应用于食品工业中,在发酵生产、饮料调配、乳制品生产等过程对葡萄糖含量有严格控制,因而构建葡萄糖快速检测新方法有重要意义。由于过渡金属传感材料具有响应迅速,灵敏度高,稳定性好,成本低等特点,其在葡萄糖无酶电化学传感器领域显示出独特的优势,因此,该研究以近年来的实验和理论研究为基础,系统地综述了过渡金属葡萄糖无酶传感器的研究进展。通过总结铜（Cu）、镍（Ni）、钴（Co）和锌（Zn）等过渡金属纳米结构的特点及其氧化物在碱性条件下对葡萄糖的传感机制,以及电沉积法及其他修饰电极制备方法,以期为高性能葡萄糖传感器的构建提供参考。该综述特别强调了揭示过渡金属对葡萄糖的电信号增敏机制的重要性,以实现按需设计,扩大过渡金属传感器的应用范围。     

利用振荡现象进行检测的低功耗CO气敏元件

采用掺Ｐｄ的以二氧化锡为主体的敏感材料，制成具有振荡现象的一氧化碳气敏元件，提出一种新的检测方式．     

静电纺纳米纤维柔性应变传感器的研究现状

为系统分析静电纺纳米纤维应变传感器的设计方法和材料种类对传感性能的影响,进一步明晰其传感机制,综述了碳纳米纤维、聚偏二氟乙烯和聚氨酯纳米纤维基柔性应变传感器的制备方法,比较了这些传感器的敏感系数、应变范围及稳定性等的优势与缺陷,介绍了静电纺纳米纤维材料应变传感器在人体运动、生命健康监测等领域的研究现状和发展趋势。最后提出传感器基体的应变能力及恢复性对其应变范围及稳定性具有决定性影响,其基体形成的导电网络结构在应变过程中易发生结构损伤,且初始电阻越小,基体及导电网络的有效应变范围越大,传感器的性能越好,认为未来开发具有高应变范围、灵敏性及稳定性的静电纺纳米纤维基应变传感器将是一个重要发展方向。     

Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Sensors for the Agri-food Industry—A Review

In the food and agricultural industry, sensors are being used for process control, monitoring quality, and assessing safety. There is a growing demand for carbon dioxide (CO₂) sensors in the bulk food storage sector, because CO₂ sensors can be used to detect incipient spoilage and to assess CO₂ levels in modified-atmosphere packages and storage structures. The market potential for reliable and inexpensive CO₂ sensors is huge because of a wide range of applications in the agri-food industry. This review synthesizes information about the types of CO₂ sensors, analyzes their detection processes, provides a broad overview of the innovative research on the development of sensors, sensing mechanisms, and their characteristics, and outlines future possibilities for use of CO₂ sensors.     

Recent progress on graphene quantum dots-based fluorescence sensors for food safety and quality assessment applications

The versatile photophysicalproperties, high surface-to-volume ratio, superior photostability, higher biocompatibility, and availability of active sites make graphene quantum dots (GQDs) an ideal candidate for applications in sensing, bioimaging, photocatalysis, energy storage, and flexible electronics. GQDs-based sensors involve luminescence sensors, electrochemical sensors, optical biosensors, electrochemical biosensors, and photoelectrochemical biosensors. Although plenty of sensing strategies have been developed using GQDs for biosensing and environmental applications, the use of GQDs-based fluorescence techniques remains unexplored or underutilized in the field of food science and technology. To the best of our knowledge, comprehensive review of the GQDs-based fluorescence sensing applications concerning food quality analysis has not yet been done. This review article focuses on the recent progress on the synthesis strategies, electronic properties, and fluorescence mechanisms of GQDs. The various GQDs-based fluorescence detection strategies involving Förster resonance energy transfer- or inner filter effect-driven fluorescence turn-on and turn-off response mechanisms toward trace-level detection of toxic metal ions, toxic adulterants, and banned chemical substances in foodstuffs are summarized. The challenges associated with the pretreatment steps of complex food matrices and prospects and challenges associated with the GQDs-based fluorescent probes are discussed. This review could serve as a precedent for further advancement in interdisciplinary research involving the development of versatile GQDs-based fluorescent probes toward food science and technology applications.     

用于叶酸检测的荧光传感器构建及应用研究进展

叶酸是一种水溶性B族维生素。快速且准确地检测叶酸是保证食品药品安全有效的重要手段,也是辅助临床诊断的有效途径。近年来,基于荧光传感器的叶酸检测方法因其更快的响应速度、更高的灵敏度和便捷性而受到广泛关注。本文按照构建检测叶酸用荧光传感器所用的材料进行分类,对不同类型传感器的构建及其特点进行综述。此外,介绍了这些传感器在食品药品质量控制、临床检测评估和细胞成像等方面的应用情况,并对其发展方向和应用前景进行了展望。