PET/PTT共混纤维的染色性能

PET/PTT共混纤维具有良好的染色性能,能用分散染料在常压下无载体沸染.当PET/PTT共混比为50/50、染色温度100℃、保温染色45 min时,染料对纤维的上染率最大.     

不同牵伸倍率下聚酯复合纤维的微观结构与性能

为研究聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯/聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯(PET/PTT)并列型复合纤维制备工艺与其结构及性能之间的关系,借助二维广角X射线衍射仪、差示扫描量热仪等对未牵伸以及2.35～3.35倍牵伸纤维的结晶取向性能、热性能、力学性能以及卷曲性能进行测试与分析。结果表明：随着牵伸倍率的增加,PET/PTT复合纤维内部单组分结晶度变化有所差异,PET组分结晶度由43.04%增至45.73%,但PTT组分的结晶度几乎不变,其取向度由82.3%增大至89.2%,然后保持稳定,说明牵伸诱导取向达到饱和;同时,取向度的增大也导致PET/PTT复合纤维的弹性模量由16.8 cN/dtex增加到23.1 cN/dtex,断裂强度由2.9 cN/dtex增加到3.5 cN/dtex,但断裂伸长率由52.6%下降到38.6%;牵伸倍率的增加导致双组分纤维结构差异明显,使复合纤维的卷曲性能更加优异。     

PBT/PET共混纤维的结构和性能

研究了ＰＢＴ／ＰＥＴ共混纤维结构和拉伸、染色性能的关系．实验结果表明．随着ＰＳＴ／ＰＥＴ共混比的增加,初生纤维的结晶度、取向度及纤维的断裂强度、上染率均增加．而断裂伸长下降,纤维经拉伸定形后．结构和住能有较大的变化．     

PET对食用油中塑化剂含量的影响

主要采用气相色谱–质谱联用仪,测定PET塑料桶储存环境对大豆油、玉米油及调和油中19种邻苯二甲酸酯类的影响。线性良好,检出限为1.5 mg/kg,回收率为85%~101%。经测定PET材料对大豆油、调和油、玉米油中19种邻苯二甲酸酯的影响极小。     

PTT与PET纤维热转变特征参数的提取与比较

为了对PTT和PET纤维进行准确、高效的定性鉴别,用热重法(TGA)、微分热重法(DTG)、差示扫描量热法(DSC)三种热分析方法对预处理后的PTT和PET纤维进行测试与比较。对PTT和PET纤维的热转变过程进行了研究,并提取热降解起始温度、热降解终了温度、最大失重速率温度、熔融温度、玻璃化温度5个热转变特征参数。结果表明,同种纤维的热转变特征参数差异较小,而PTT和PET纤维的热转变特征参数具有明显差异;PTT纤维的熔融吸热峰处于PET纤维的无热效应区域,并且在加热过程中,两种纤维没有相互作用。     

日本东丽试制成功100％植物PET纤维

日本东丽公司日前成功实现了植物含量100％的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）纤维化。     

PET、PTT与PBT材料的定性与定量鉴别方法

传统的纤维成分定量分析测试方法如AATCC 20A—2010虽然可以区分芳香族聚酯和其他纤维材料,但无法鉴别聚酯种类。为此,利用PET,PTT和PBT熔点的不同,采用差示扫描量热法来定性区分不同的聚酯成分,并利用不同基团化学位移的差异,采用核磁共振法进一步定量鉴别聚酯的含量。结果表明:差示扫描量热法结合核磁共振法可以有效准确地鉴别芳香族聚酯的类型和含量,可重复性好,可以推广应用于纺织制品的检测,也可应用于聚酯类工程塑料等领域的成分分析鉴别。     

高岭土对PET结晶性能及热稳定性的影响

利用改性纳米高岭土,采用原位聚合的方法,合成了聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）／高岭土纳米复合材料（KPET）。通过扫描电镜、DSC、TG等分析方法,研究了材料的分散性、结晶性以及热稳定性,结果表明,纳米高岭土在PET基体中的分散性好,高岭土在PET中的粒径最可分布为0．2～0．5μm;高岭土在PET结晶过程中起异相成核作用。明显提高了PET的结晶速率;随着高岭土含量的增加,其热稳定性增加,当加入3％含量的高岭土时,起始分解温度可以提高15．72℃。     

PBT/PET经编交织泳衣面料的染整工艺

介绍了PBT/PET经编交织泳衣面料的染整加工工艺,包括退卷松弛、前处理、预定形、染色和后定形等;指出了工艺中的注意事项,如织物前处理前要先进行24 h以上的自然松弛,预定形工艺条件以160℃处理75 s为宜,染色温度不宜超过120℃,染中深色时要筛选染料,以使PBT和PET纤维获得一致色泽。     

张力对涤纶纤维声速测定结果的影响

声速法是一种用于测定纤维取向度、方便实用的方法，但实验所得的纤维声速值明显地受到测试中所加预张力大小的影响，因此在单一张力下测定的纤维声速值不能表征纤维原有的本质结构。研究表明，以涤纶丝为样品，用声速法中测得的声速值与预张力不存在线性关系，而与应变存在较好的线性关系。通过应力—应变曲线将张力换算成应变后，利用声速与应变的线性关系可外推出应变为零时的声速值，并且具有较明确的物理意义及实际意义。     

Dynamic modeling and simulation of bottom outlet air flow field in wide slot positive pressure spunbonding drawing process

The air jet flow has an important influence in wide slot positive pressure spunbonding process that not only includes the filament fiber diameter, crystallinity, and birefringence, but also the fiber web evenness. In this work, the air drawing model and the air jet flow field model of bottom outlet in spunbonding process are established and studied. The characteristics and regularities of the plane air jet flow in wide slot positive pressure spunbonding process are also demonstrated. It is simulated by means of the finite difference method. The numerical simulation computation results of distribution of the air velocity match quite well with the experimental data. The air drawing model of polymer is solved with the help of the distribution of the air velocity. The predicted filament fiber diameter, crystallinity, and birefringence agree well with the experimental data. It was found that higher initial velocity and initial temperature of air can yield finer fibers, and its effect was very significant. The results also reveal the great potential for this research in the computer-assisted design of spunbonding technology and equipment.     

Numerical simulation and experimental investigations of air drawing model and air jet flow field model in wide slot positive pressure spunbonding process

An air drawing model of polymers and a model of the air jet flow field model in wide slot positive pressure spunbonding process are established. The air jet flow field model is solved by means of the finite difference method. The numerical simulation computation results of distributions of the air velocity match quite well with the experimental data. We find that the variation of the density and the specific heat capacity of polymer melt at constant pressure with polymer temperature have much effects on fiber diameter. The newly developed formulas were incorporated into a spunbonding theoretical model to predict the fiber diameter of nonwoven web. The air drawing model of polymer is solved with the help of the distributions of the air velocity measured by a Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). The predicted fiber diameters agree with the experimental data well. It can be concluded that the higher air pressure, higher air velocity and air temperature can yield the finer fibers diameter. The higher inlet pressure and smaller jet angle will all cause higher x-axis position of air velocity and air pressure, which are beneficial to the air drawing of the polymer melt and thus to reducing the fiber diameter.     

乙交酯-L-丙交酯共聚物纤维非晶区取向的声速法表征

 采用DSC、WAXD 和声速等方法对物质的量比约为90∶10 的乙交酯2L2丙交酯共聚物(PGLA910) 纤维非晶区取向函数的表征进行了研究。纤维经拉伸和充分的热定型,其DSC 和WAXD 的结果表明,PGLA910 中只有PGA 部分发生了结晶。通过测定结晶度为5 %~30 %的纤维声速,计算出声模量,按照聚合物纤维两相模型得出PGLA910的晶区和非晶区特征横向模量分别为E0t , c = 9135 GPa , E0t , am = 3. 21 GPa。根据此特征值,计算出不同样品的非晶区取向函数。对不同拉伸工艺条件下7 种样品的热收缩测定发现,纤维的非晶区取向函数与热收缩率之间有较好的线性关系,证实了该方法是可靠的。     

Characterization of virgin and recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fibers

In this study, we compared the properties of recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fibers and virgin PET fibers. All these experiments present the differences or similarities between them on surface morphology, mechanical properties, and internal fiber structure. The results show that the surface morphology of both PET fibers is similar. According to the tests on mechanical properties, it can be observed that recycled PET fibers have a higher tensile strength and greater elongation at break. The recycled fiber has a higher degree of crystallinity while with the smaller average crystallite size based on the X-ray diffraction data. In polarized attenuated total reflectance infrared technique, the virgin fibers have a better performance than the recycled ones in orientation. Fourier Transform Infrared spectrum analysis indicates that both kinds of fibers have the similar representative groups.     

二种渗透式纤维空气分布系统的布风管送风特征

为设计适合室内舒适送风的布风管,采用FLUENT数值模拟软件,模拟尾部封闭不透风与尾部渗透通风2种模式下的布风管,研究对比内部流场的速度与压力变化。结果表明:尾部封闭式布风管中心速度变化从4 m/s降到0,尾部形成涡流;尾部渗透式布风管中心速度变化从4 m/s降到2.5 m/s,尾部中心风速较大;沿着布风管轴向前进,尾部封闭式布风管的纤维壁面出风速度逐渐减小,出风速度范围为0.15~0.4 m/s;尾部渗透式布风管的纤维壁面出风速度比较均匀,出风速度范围为0.28~0.4 m/s。纤维壁面出风方面,尾部渗透式布风管比尾部封闭式布风管更均匀,二者均无吹风感,满足室内人体舒适性要求。     

PTT纤维染色的动力学和热力学

采用两只提纯的分散染料对PTT纤维进行染色动力学和热力学研究，并采用商品分散染剃染色，绘制升温上染速率曲线和模拟Prr／PET纤维混纺交织物染色。研究结果表明，PTT纤维的染色速率常数高于PET纤维，半染时间明显短于PET纤维，临界染色温度约比PET纤维低15—20℃，染色转变温度则比PET纤维低20℃。在有分散匀染剂存在时，提纯的分散染料在PTT纤维上的吸附属于Nemst分配型吸附，分配系数随着染色温度的升高而降低。高温型染料在PTT和PET纤维上的分配系数相差较大，而低温型染料的分配系数相差较小。PTT／PET混纺交织物表观染色深浅效果与分散染料在PTT和PET纤维上的热力学分配系数存在一定的关系。     

Barrier properties to surrogates of hydrogenated carbon nano-films deposited on PET by plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition

Poly(ethylene terephthalate) resin was contaminated with a series of surrogates using a US Food and Drug Administration protocol. The contaminated samples were coated with two different kinds of hydrogenated amorphous carbon thin films (a-C:H): one with diamond-like hydrogenated amorphous carbon and another with polymer-like hydrogenated carbon (PLCH) phases. To evaluate the barrier properties of the a-C:H films, migration assays were performed using food simulants. After the tests, analysis by gas chromatography with different detectors was carried out. The appearance of the films before and after the migration experiments was studied by field emission scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that a-C:H films have good barrier properties for most of the evaluated compounds, mainly when they are deposited as PLCH phase.     

高速纺丝工艺下Lyocell纤维结构对其原纤化的影响

为探索高纺速下Lyocell纤维凝聚态结构与原纤化的关系,在不同条件下进行高速纺丝,从结构出发调控Lyocell纤维原纤化。借助X射线衍射仪、湿摩擦测试仪及偏光显微镜等,探究了凝固浴N-甲基吗啉-N-氧化物(NMMO)质量分数、纺丝速度及吹风风速对Lyocell纤维凝聚态结构和原纤化的影响。结果表明：一定程度提高凝固浴NMMO质量分数可使Lyocell纤维凝聚态结构更完善,提高纺丝速度可促进Lyocell纤维无定形区取向,提高吹风风速会促进其横向晶粒尺寸增长;凝聚态结构直接影响Lyocell纤维原纤化程度,结晶取向度低、晶粒尺寸小的Lyocell纤维抗原纤化更好,因此,在一定范围内降低凝固浴NMMO质量分数、纺速、吹风风速均可降低纤维原纤化程度;其中,调整凝固浴NMMO质量分数可同时改变全取向度(尤其是非晶取向)和横向晶粒尺寸,更易于高纺速下调控Lyocell纤维原纤化性能。     

Production and characterization of camouflage poly(ethylene terephthalate) filament yarns during the melt spinning process

The necessity of camouflage in the visible region has been expanded to a broad region of the electromagnetic waves, especially infrared region, due to improving of the night vision cameras. In this investigation, the production of the poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) filament yarns with appropriate camouflage properties in both visible and infrared regions of forest areas in the melt spinning process was studied. C.I. Pigment Green 7 and C.I. Disperse Orange 149 with carbon black (CB) particles were used during the melt spinning to obtain the mentioned camouflage properties. The visible and near infrared wavelength reflectances, the mechanical and thermal properties, and the washing and light fastnesses of the camouflage PET filament yarn samples were evaluated. The results showed that the use of the optimum blend content of the mentioned dyes with CB particles during the melt spinning process could make desired camouflage properties in the PET drawn fibers. Moreover, acceptable mechanical and thermal properties accompanied with good to excellent washing and light fastnesses were observed for the optimized camouflage PET filament yarns.