影响纳米材料TiO2光催化活性的因素

讨论了TiO2光催化技术研究现状、探讨了光催化反应机制, 分析了提高光催化反应活性的途径, 并讨论了影响纳米TiO2光催化活性的主要因素 一般而言, 锐钛矿型TiO2的光催化活性高于金红石型TiO2;晶粒尺寸小, 光生电子和空穴从TiO2体内扩散到表面的时间短, 它们在TiO2体内的复合几率减小, 光催化活性高;贵金属沉积可提高催化剂表面光生载流子的分离效率, 有利于生成更多的·OH;半导体耦合可提高系统的电荷分离效果, 扩展对光谱吸收范围;金属离子掺入TiO2晶格中可能引起晶格位置缺陷或改变结晶度, 抑制电子与空穴的复合, 延长载流子的寿命, 从而使光催化性能得以改善;TiO2表面羟基的数量直接影响光催化效率.     

醋酸处理对微弧氧化TiO2膜光催化大红染料的影响

以磷酸钠为电解液,采用微弧氧化技术在钛网上直接制备TiO2膜,利用醋酸浸渍方法对该膜表面进行修饰处理,利用XRD、SEM、EDX对微弧氧化膜表面形貌和成分进行分析.结果表明：在300～320 V电压下微弧氧化TiO2膜主要由钛和锐钛矿TiO2组成,在电解时TiO2膜表面有钠离子的沉积,形成光生电子-空穴复合中心,微弧氧化TiO2膜的光催化性能较差;醋酸浸渍可以减少微弧氧化TiO2膜表面钠的含量,改善膜的光催化性能,大红染料废水的光催化降解率由15%提高到33.6%.     

TiO2纳米管的制备及光电催化分解海水制氢

采用阳极氧化法在钛板表面制备了垂直导向的TiO2纳米管阵列。研究了无机无氟(HCl+H2O2)、无机含氟(HF)和有机乙二醇(EG)三种体系对TiO2纳米管薄膜制备的影响。利用SEM对其形貌进行了表征,通过电化学考察了其光电响应性能。考察了制备的TiO2纳米管薄膜光电催化分解海水制氢性能。结果表明:在EG体系中制备的TiO2纳米管阵列规则有序,有利于光生电子的传输,减小了电子一空穴对的复合,光电催化制氢活性最高。     

TiO_2/MCM-41的制备及光催化脱色性能研究

用溶胶-凝胶法制备了不同TiO2含量的TiO2/MCM-41光催化剂,以罗丹明B为模拟有机污染物,对催化剂的光催化脱色性能进行了考察。用XRD、UV-Vis漫反射、N2吸附等方法对光催化剂进行了表征,结果表明:TiO2/MCM-41的比表面积和孔体积随TiO2含量的增加而减小,TiO2/MCM-41负载型催化剂上TiO2平均晶粒尺寸比纯TiO2的小。20%TiO2/MCM-41的光生电子-空穴分离效应最高,且光催化脱色活性最高。光催化反应体系中h+是主要的活性自由基,TiO2/MCM-41的光催化活性由材料的吸附能力和所含TiO2的光催化性能共同决定。     

Ru负载TiO_2纳米管阵列的制备及其光电催化性能

结合阳极氧化法和脉冲沉积法合成了管径约40～70 nm、管壁厚约10 nm、管长约1μm、管壁上附着Ru纳米颗粒的TiO_2纳米管光催化剂(Ru/TiO_2),实现了金属Ru纳米颗粒在TiO_2纳米管表面的均匀负载。研究了RuCl_3浓度和煅烧温度对TiO_2纳米管的微观结构、光吸收特性及光催化活性的影响。结果表明:Ru的负载使Ru/TiO_2纳米管的光学带隙值有所减小,光响应阈值发生红移;锐钛矿相TiO_2与少量金红石相TiO_2可形成异质结,纳米Ru可俘获光生电子,两者都可促进光生电子-空穴对的分离,从而提升降解效率;另外,外加偏压也可促进光生电子-空穴对的分离,从而进一步提升降解效率。当脉冲沉积液中RuCl_3浓度为0. 05 mol·L~(-1),经600℃煅烧后的Ru/TiO_2纳米管阵列的光催化活性最好,对甲基橙降解1 h,紫外光下的光催化和光电催化分解比例由纯TiO_2纳米管的38. 6%和48. 5%提升至52. 0%和70. 5%,可见光下的光催化和光电催化分解比例由纯TiO_2纳米管的7. 1%和17. 2%提升至36. 3%和75. 2%。     

TiO_2光生阴极保护行为的研究现状及进展

光阴极保护技术是金属腐蚀与防护技术中的重要方法,半导体氧化物TiO_2能够利用紫外光进行光催化反应,一直是材料研究的热点。半导体TiO_2薄膜在光致阴极保护过程中可作为永久性防护涂层,TiO_2薄膜或是通过掺杂方式改变TiO_2的能级结构,可实现拓展光响应范围和抑制光生电子和空穴复合,以提高TiO_2材料的光催化性能。综述了光致阴极保护技术的优越性,不同TiO_2光致阴极保护薄膜在光致阴极保护技术领域的研究现状,提出了目前存在的问题及未来发展的方向。     

TiO2纳米管的制备及其光催化降解甲基橙的研究

以TiO2和NaOH为原料,采用水热法制备了TiO2纳米管（titania nanotube,简称TNT）,通过X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对TiO2纳米管的结构与形貌进行了研究,以甲基橙（Methyl Orange）为反应物,考察了TiO2纳米管光催化降解甲基橙的效果。研究结果表明：400℃焙烧时,TiO2纳米管主晶相为钛酸,500℃焙烧时,其组成为锐钛矿相;制备的TiO2纳米管可以有效的降解甲基橙,且在光催化降解中起主要作用的是锐钛矿相。     

硝酸铜含量对α-Fe2O3粉末制备及光催化性能的影响

以硝酸铁、硝酸铜、甘氨酸为原料,采用溶液燃烧合成一步制备了粒径约为30 nm的α-Fe_2O_3复合光催化纳米材料。采用XRD,SEM,TEM对α-Fe_2O_3复合粉末进行了表征,研究了硝酸铜含量对α-Fe_2O_3复合材料物相、形貌及光催化性能的影响。反应体系中加入硝酸铜后,制备得到α-Fe_2O_3/CuFe_2O_4复合光催化材料。硝酸铜的加入影响了反应时释放的能量,形貌由原来的絮片状变为片状。当添加量为1 g时,α-Fe_2O_3复合材料的光催化效果最优,在50 min内可以降解初始浓度为20×10~(-6)的亚甲基蓝溶液。这是由于CuFe_2O_4带隙宽度较窄,能够吸收的太阳光更多,同时可以与α-Fe_2O_3形成异质结,提高光生电子和空穴的传输,降低光生电子和空穴的复合,从而提高了粉末的催化活性。     

溶胶 - 凝胶法制备 TiO2 及其冷喷涂性能研究

冷喷涂陶瓷涂层的现有研究表明, 大部分商业陶瓷粉末不适合用于冷喷涂, 而实验室制备的纳米团聚粉末 更易于冷喷涂。 溶胶 - 凝胶法是制备纳米 TiO2 最常用的方法之一, 具有工艺简单、 重复性高、 反应易控制等优点, 而且可以通过实验参数的改变从分子水平对反应进行控制, 从而获得结构形态各异的纳米粒子。 本文采用基于钛 酸四正丁酯水解反应的溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米锐钛矿TiO2, 研究粉末的微观结构并考察其冷喷涂性能, 在此基础上, 分析原料粉末性能对其冷喷涂性能的影响。 研究结果表明, 与商业 TiO2 粉末相比, 溶胶 - 凝胶法制备的 TiO2 粉 末具有良好的冷喷涂工艺适应性。 溶胶 - 凝胶法制备的 TiO2 粉末微观结构为不规则形, 经过热处理后由无定形态 转变为锐钛矿相。 冷喷涂 TiO2 涂层晶体结构及涂层内部 TiO2 颗粒的微观形貌均与溶胶 - 凝胶 TiO2 粉末保持一致。 冷喷涂 TiO2 涂层的光催化活性受原始喷涂粉末影响, 当原始喷涂粉末的光催化活性高时, 冷喷涂 TiO2 涂层的光 催化活性也较高。     

钛箔表面二氧化钛纳米管的可控制备研究

采用电化学阳极氧化法在金属钛箔表面制得了二氧化钛纳米管,通过调整阳极氧化电压和时间,控制纳米管的管径及管壁尺寸,采用扫描电镜(SEM)观察了不同制备条件下得到TiO2纳米管阵列的微观形貌,考察了氧化电压及时间对纳米管TiO2纳米管阵列形貌的影响;利用热处理工艺调整二氧化钛纳米管的晶型,通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)对样品晶型进行了表征.结果 表明,以0.5％氟化铵的乙二醇水溶液作为电解液,在40 V电压下氧化30 min,得到的TiO2纳米管整齐有序;经过450℃热处理2h,TiO2纳米管晶型由无定型态转变为锐钛矿型TiO2,纳米管出现小部分坍塌.     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.