稀土对Al-Zn-M g-Cu/Al2O3陶瓷界面润湿性的影响

采用真空座滴法和熔铸法研究了在Al-Zn-Mg-Cu 合金中加入稀土(Ce、Y) 对Al2Zn2M g2Cu/Al₂O₃陶瓷界面润湿性的影响。结果表明,Al-Zn-Mg-Cu 合金中加入稀土可有效降低铝合金/Al₂O₃界面的接触角, 改善界面结合状态; 稀土改善界面润湿性存在一最佳含量范围, 添加Ce 的最佳含量约为0. 5w t% , Y 约为0. 7w t%。稀土改善润湿性的作用主要是稀土与Al₂O₃膜、Al₂O₃陶瓷发生反应。Mg、Zn、Cu 等合金元素在界面富集并参与界面反应对润湿性有利; 稀土与Mg、Zn、Cu 等合金元素适当组合改善润湿性的效果比单一稀土明显。      

S型异质结Bi4O5Br2/CeO2的制备及其光催化CO2还原性能

光催化CO₂还原技术的关键是开发高效光催化剂,而构建具有紧密界面结构的异质结是增强界面电荷转移,实现高效光催化活性的有效途径。本研究采用静电纺丝技术结合水热法,将Bi₄O₅Br₂纳米片镶嵌在CeO₂纳米纤维表面,制得Bi₄O₅Br₂/CeO₂纤维光催化材料(B@C-x,x对应反应物的加入量)。利用不同方法表征其微观结构、形貌和光电性能。结果表明,适当Bi₄O₅Br₂含量的Bi₄O₅Br₂/CeO₂异质结可以显著提高CeO₂纳米纤维的光催化性能。与纯Bi₄O₅Br₂和CeO₂相比,B@C-2在模拟太阳光下表现出最佳光催化活性,不使用任...     

外场驱动分子极化调控反应物界面及其电催化析氢性能（英文）

反应物界面对电催化反应至关重要.然而,由于调控和表征手段的不足,对反应物界面的深入研究仍难以实现.本文中,我们借助单片电催化微纳器件,通过调节背栅电压引入分子极化,实现了对电化学双电层中水合氢离子(H₃O⁺)浓度的调控,进而提高了催化剂的电催化析氢性能.以C₆₀/MoS₂异质结为例,电学性能测试表明背栅电场促进了电子从C₆₀向MoS₂的转移,并导致了C₆₀分子的极化.原位光致发光光谱表征显示,在背栅电场的作用下,极化的C₆₀分子会吸引H₃O⁺,使其聚集在MoS₂附近.而电催化测试表明,在1.5 V背栅电压下,由于发生了H₃O⁺的富集,C₆₀/MoS₂异质结在-0.45 V_RHE电位下的析氢电流密度增加了5倍我们提出的调控和监测反应物界面的方...     

燃烧合成ZrB2 / Al2O3 复合粉体及其界面分析

采用燃烧还原合成技术, 以还原体系(B₂O₃ + ZrO2 + Al) 为反应体系制备了ZrB₂ / Al₂O₃ 复合粉体。利用X射线衍射(XRD) 、X 射线光电子能谱(XPS) 和透射电镜( TEM、HRTEM) 对复合粉体的物相组成、化学组成及界面结构进行了表征分析。结果表明, 复合粉体中存在Zr 、B、Al 和O 元素且它们分别以ZrB₂ 和Al₂O₃ 为主要存在形式, ZrB₂ 和Al₂O₃ 为复合粉体的主晶相。复合粉体中有少量ZrO2 的存在, 分析认为是合成反应过程中未参加反应的ZrO2 。ZrB₂ 和Al₂O₃ 颗粒间形成了结合良好的界面, 这主要与ZrB₂ 的结晶过程有关。      

Al2O3/BaZrO3双陶瓷界面微观组织演化及机理

以Al₂O₃为背层(硅溶胶为粘结剂), 电熔BaZrO₃作为面层材料(钇溶胶为粘结剂), 1550℃烧结后制成50 mm×25 mm×5 mm的Al₂O₃/BaZrO₃双陶瓷试样。通过光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和EDS等手段观察了BaZrO₃层和Al₂O₃/BaZrO₃界面的显微结构, 研究了BaZrO₃与Al₂O₃的界面反应。结果表明, 面层由BaZrO₃基体和分布其上的大小10 μm左右的Y稳定的ZrO₂晶粒组成; Al₂O₃/BaZrO₃界面发生反应形成厚约300 μm的过渡层, 界面反应生成物有BaOAl₂O₃、ZrO₂和BaO·Al₂O₃·2SiO₂。界面从单纯的BaZrO₃/Al₂O₃双陶瓷结构演变为BaZrO₃、ZrO₂、BaO·Al₂O₃、BaO·Al₂O₃·2SiO₂和Al₂O₃等多种物相组成的复杂结构。反应过程中Al元素基本不迁移扩散, BaZrO₃中Ba元素向Al₂O₃所在的位置扩散形成BaO·Al₂O₃, 残留物形成一层条状ZrO₂, 而BaO·Al₂O₃·2SiO₂围绕着EC95(Al₂O₃+5%SiO₂)粉体颗粒周围生成。     

通过反应界面微环境调控促进甲酸驱动的氧气还原合成过氧化氢（英文）

甲酸驱动的双电子氧还原是在温和条件下合成过氧化氢(H₂O₂)的一种很有前途的方法.然而,在传统的催化体系中,反应物O₂在固体/液体两相反应界面处的浓度通常较低,限制了反应动力学和H₂O₂的产率.在这一工作中我们通过将模型催化剂Pt-TiO₂沉积在疏水多孔碳基底上,构建了具有气液固三相界面微环境的催化体系.基于这种三相体系,O₂能够从空气中快速输送至反应界面,从而大大提高其在反应区的浓度.与传统的固液两相催化体系相比,三相体系中的H₂O₂的生成速率常数提高了10倍以上.这项工作突出了反应界面调控对催化反应性能的重要影响,为开发高效H₂O₂合成体系提供了思路.     

重熔温度对WCP/Fe复合材料界面特征及压缩断裂机制的影响

为研究重熔温度对WC_P/Fe复合材料界面特征及力学性能的影响,采用粉末烧结法制备了WC_P/Fe复合材料,然后对其进行界面重熔,为颗粒增强金属基复合材料的界面组织设计及其工程应用提供理论指导。结果表明：随着重熔温度的升高,颗粒中WC发生相变生成W₂C;W₂C与Fe可在固态条件下发生反应生成界面相Fe₃W₃C,且界面反应区宽度呈增大趋势,界面形态由间断状变成连续环状再到锯齿状;WC_P/Fe复合材料的压缩强度先升高后下降,当重熔温度为1 300℃时,界面宽度为13.5 μm,界面形态呈完整连续环状,WC_P/Fe复合材料内部压缩裂纹不易萌生与扩展,其压缩强度达到最大值,为386 MPa。     

Al2O3/含铈中锰钢界面CeAlO3生长动力学

本文在理论分析和界面结构研究的基础上,在Al₂O₃/含铈中锰钢系建立了界面反应产物CeAlO₃层的生长模型,得出CeAlO₃层厚度S与时间t的关系遵循抛物线规律。实验结果与理论模型和规律相一致。      

界面反应产物对B4C/Al复合材料颗粒润湿性及界面强度的影响机制

采用搅拌铸造法制备了B₄C/Al复合材料,利用实验分析结合第一性原理计算的方法,探讨了界面反应产物Al₃BC和TiB₂对B₄C/Al复合材料颗粒润湿性及界面结合强度的影响机制。结果表明,界面反应产物为Al₃BC时,B₄C颗粒润湿性没有得到实质性改善,存在明显的颗粒团聚现象,界面结合强度较低且过度的界面反应使B₄C颗粒分解损耗严重,导致B₄C颗粒增强效果不明显;而通过添加Ti元素使界面反应产物为TiB₂时,颗粒润湿性明显改善,B₄C颗粒团聚现象显著减少,界面结合强度较高,力学性能得到显著提高。这主要是由于不同终端的Al（111）/TiB₂（0001）界面黏附功均大于Al（111）/B₄C（0001）的界面黏附功,表明界面反应产物TiB₂可以提高B₄C颗粒的润湿性,而界面反应产物Al     

HK 合金与Al2O3陶瓷界面现象的研究

本文采用座滴法研究了HK 合金与Al₂O₃陶瓷的润湿性及界面间相互作用, 并且采用界面剪切法研究了α-Al₂O₃/HK 合金的界面结合强度, 重点考察了温度与保温时间对α-Al₂O₃/HK合金的润湿行为、界面反应和界面结合强度的影响。      

Tensile properties of thermally exposed aluminium borate whisker reinforced 6061 aluminium alloy composite

Abstract

The effect of thermal exposure on the tensile properties of aluminium borate whisker reinforced 6061 aluminium alloy composite was studied. The interfacial reaction was investigated by TEM and the mechanical properties were studied using tensile tests. The results indicated that the interfacial reaction had an influence on the mechanical properties of the composite, so that the maxima of Young’s modulus and ultimate tensile strength of the composite after exposure at 500°C for 10 h were obtained for the optimum degree of interfacial reaction. The yield strength, however, was not only affected by the interfacial state but also by many other factors.     

Characterization of the uncertainties in the constitutive behavior of carbon nanotube/cement composites

Abstract

This paper addresses the uncertainties associated with using carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as reinforcement for cement. These uncertainties emerge mainly from the CNTs’ wide range of mechanical properties and their interfacial behavior with cement. This study sheds light on the basis of choosing the optimal combinations of CNTs mechanical and interfacial parameters to improve the structural strength and ductility of CNT-reinforced cementitious composites. The finite element method (FEM) is employed to study the individual and interactive effects of five parameters, including interfacial shear (bond) strength, allowable slip, CNT Young’s modulus, residual bond stress and aspect ratio. Numerical results show that the parameters, at certain ranges of values, interact substantially and greatly alter the mechanical properties of the composite. It is also found that the governing parameter is the CNT Young’s modulus, which determines whether the composite is ductility critical or strength critical. Furthermore, the level of residual bond stress substantially influences the effect of other parameters, especially in the case of composite ductility.     

纳米TiO2颗粒弱界面增强树脂基复合材料宏观力学行为有限元模拟

基于蒙特卡罗法, 编写了随机分布颗粒增强复合材料的二维代表体积单元生成程序, 建立了纳米颗粒增强树脂基复合材料的有限元模型, 其中采用双线性内聚力模型描述复合材料弱界面的应力与位移关系。通过纳米TiO₂ 颗粒增强环氧树脂基复合材料应力应变行为模拟结果与文献结果对比, 证明了模型的有效性。讨论了弱界面情况下, TiO₂颗粒质量分数与颗粒尺寸对复合材料宏观有效模量的影响, 并对复合材料弱界面渐进损伤过程进行了非线性分析。结果表明: 随着纳米TiO₂颗粒质量分数增加, 复合材料杨氏模量和断裂延伸率均有所增强, 但材料屈服强度有所降低; 相同颗粒质量分数情况下, 随着颗粒尺寸的增大, 颗粒与基体材料之间界面单元总长度减小, 复合材料断裂延伸率有所下降。     

Modeling and mechanical performance of carbon nanotube/epoxy resin composites

The effect of multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) addition on mechanical properties of epoxy resin was investigated to obtain the tensile strength, compressive strength and Young’s modulus from load versus displacement graphs. The result shows that the tensile strength, compressive strength and Young’s modulus of epoxy resin were increased with the addition of MWCNT fillers. The significant improvements in tensile strength, compressive strength and Young’s modulus were obtained due to the excellent dispersion of MWCNT fillers in the epoxy resin. The dispersion of MWCNT fillers in epoxy resin was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis.Also, Halpin–Tsai model was modified by considering the average diameter of internal/external of multi-walled nanotube and orientation factor (α) to calculate the Young’s modulus of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)/epoxy resin composite. There was a good correlation between the experimentally obtained Young’s modulus and modified Halpin–Tsai model.     

Mechanical behaviour of PVC/CaCO3 Particulate Composites – Influence of Temperature

Abstract: This paper is concerned with the study of temperature influence on Young’s modulus, ultimate strength and fracture toughness properties of PVC/CaCO₃ particulate composites with different volume fractions. The tests were performed in three‐ and four‐point bending. The resonant technique was also used to analyse the influence of both volume fraction and temperature on Young’s modulus. Significant decrease of ultimate strength, fracture toughness and Young’s modulus was observed with the increase of the temperature. Ultimate strength decreases with the increase of particle volume fraction at room temperature. For the other temperatures, this decreasing trend is less clear. PVC/CaCO₃ flexural Young’s modulus calculated for a much lower loading segment increases with volume fraction. The same trend was obtained using the resonant technique. However, as the loading segment used to calculate the Young’s modulus was increased a significant decrease of Young’s modulus was obtained as a result of a progressive debonding at the particle‐matrix interface. A 2D simplified FE simulation also confirms such trend. The dependence of Young’s modulus relatively to the loading segment increases as the volume fraction is increased, leading to composite Young’s modulus below matrix value for higher volume fractions and higher loading segments. Fracture toughness decreases with volume fraction.     

功能化碳纳米管的制备及功能化碳纳米管/尼龙6复合纤维

采用多聚磷酸(PPA)/P₂O₅弱酸体系, 通过傅克反应(Friedel-Crafts reaction)对多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)进行功能化改性, 加入己内酰胺后采用原位聚合法制备功能化碳纳米管(F-MWCNTs)/尼龙6(PA6)复合材料, 并熔融纺丝制备复合纤维。通过TEM、TG、DSC、SEM及力学性能测试对复合纤维进行表征。结果表明: 在MWCNTs表面成功地接枝了氨基, F-MWCNTs均匀地分散在PA6基体中, 没有发生团聚现象, 并且与基体具有很好的界面作用; F-MWCNTs的加入, 对复合纤维的熔融温度和结晶度影响不大, 结晶温度有所提高, 并明显提高了复合纤维的热稳定性; 随着F-MWCNTs的加入, 复合纤维的拉伸断裂强度和杨氏模量增加, 当F-MWCNTs质量分数为0.5%时, 拉伸断裂强度和杨氏模量达到最大, 比纯PA6纤维分别提高了45%和208%。     

A semi-continuum finite element approach to evaluate the Young’s modulus of single-walled carbon nanotube reinforced composites

This paper describes a micromechanical finite element approach for the estimation of the effective Young’s modulus of single-walled carbon nanotube reinforced composites. These composite materials consist of aligned carbon nanotubes that are uniformly distributed within the matrix. Based on micromechanical theory, the Young’s modulus of the nanocomposite is estimated by considering a representative cylindrical volume element. Within the representative volume element, the reinforcement is modeled according to its atomistic microstructure while the matrix is modeled as a continuum medium. Spring-based finite elements are employed to simulate the discrete geometric structure and behavior of each single-walled carbon nanotube. The load transfer conditions between the carbon nanotubes and the matrix are modeled using joint elements of changeable stiffness that connect the two materials, simulating the interfacial region. The proposed model has been tested numerically and yields reasonable results for variable stiffness values of the joint elements. The effect of the interface on the performance of the composite is investigated for various volume fractions. The numerical results are compared with experimental and analytical predictions.     

Analysis of effect of fiber orientation on Young’s modulus for unidirectional fiber reinforced composites

Young’s modulus of unidirectional glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites for wind energy applications were studied using analytical, numerical and experimental methods. In order to explore the effect of fiber orientation angle on the Young’s modulus of composites, from the basic theory of elastic mechanics, a procedure which can be applied to evaluate the elastic stiffness matrix of GFRP composite as an analytical function of fiber orientation angle (from 0° to 90°), was developed. At the same time, different finite element models with inclined glass fiber were developed via the ABAQUS Scripting Interface. Results indicate that Young’s modulus of the composites strongly depends on the fiber orientation angles. A U-shaped dependency of the Young’s modulus of composites on the inclined angle of fiber is found, which agree well with the experimental results. The shear modulus is found to have significant effect on the composites’ Young’s modulus, too. The effect of volume content of glass fiber on the Young’s modulus of composites was investigated. Results indicate the relation between them is nearly linear. The results of the investigation are expected to provide some design guideline for the microstructural optimization of the glass fiber reinforced composites.     

EPDM/PS交替多层复合材料的力学性能分析

用自行设计的微纳多层共挤出体系制备了三元乙丙橡胶/聚苯乙烯(EPDM/PS)交替多层复合材料。偏光显微镜和扫描电镜分析表明, 所制备的复合材料具有规则层状交替结构。与同组分的一般共混样品相比, 64层EPDM/PS交替复合材料表现出不同的拉伸断裂行为: 初期的PS断裂行为和后期的EPDM拉伸行为。EPDM和PS层保持了较好的连续性, 且EPDM层阻止了PS层裂纹向相邻PS层的发展, 使64层样品与同组分的一般共混样品相比具有较高的拉伸强度和杨氏模量。讨论了在PS相中加入相容剂苯乙烯-乙烯-丁烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SEBS)对64层EPDM/PS交替复合材料力学性能的影响, 发现SEBS的加入提高了PS相的韧性, 并且改善了EPDM层与PS层界面的相互作用。      

紧张热定型工艺对多壁碳纳米管/聚醚醚酮复合纤维结构和性能的影响

采用熔融共混纺丝工艺制备多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)质量分数分别为0.1%和0.5%的MWCNTs/PEEK(聚醚醚酮)复合纤维,研究了紧张热定型过程中热定型温度和降温速率对复合纤维结构和性能的影响。采用TEM、SEM、DSC、DMA、XRD和单纤维电子强力仪研究了复合纤维的形貌、结构和性能。结果表明:复合纤维的热定型温度和冷却降温速率对其杨氏模量、拉伸强度和断裂伸长率均有影响,经过热定型处理,复合纤维内部MWCNTs的取向程度明显提高。280℃热定型、1.5℃/min冷却纤维的拉伸强度达384MPa,杨氏模量为0.62GPa,断裂伸长率28%,拉伸强度和杨氏模量分别较130℃热定型纤维提高了147%和19%,获得了优化复合纤维性能的最佳工艺条件。