轻微界面反应对SiCP/6061Al复合材料弹性模量的影响

本文首次提出控制压铸SiC_P/6061Al 复合材料中轻微界面反应的方法, 并就反应的机理及其对材料弹性模量的影响规律和机制进行了研究。结果表明: 界面反应物为离散分布的小颗粒状MgAl₂O₄, 反应中氧的主要来源为原始态SiC 颗粒表面残留的SiO₂薄层; 该种反应物的存在有利于材料弹性模量的提高。      

不同锰含量纳米MnO2-Fe2O3-CeO2/Al2O3的制备、表征及其催化还原NO/NO_2性能

减少发动机冷启动极低温度下排气中的NO_x对于生态环境与人类健康至关重要,MnO₂在低温区间对NO_x具有较高催化活性,是一种极具发展前景的纳米催化剂。通过超声波辅助共沉淀法制备不同锰含量MnO₂-Fe₂O₃-CeO₂/Al₂O₃纳米催化材料,探讨表面结构特性与其脱硝活性的内在联系。研究发现:锰含量为15%(质量分数)时具有最大比表面积与最小晶粒,活性物质分布最为均匀,金属氧化物结晶度得到抑制,Mn,Fe和Ce呈现较佳共存态,能够促进化学吸附氧的富集,并通过提高NO催化氧化成NO₂来提高快速SCR反应速率,NO₂转化率在50℃时即达到了88.5%。在改善催化材料构效关系、提高NO预氧化和快速SCR反应性能方面,优化锰含量是一种极其有效的方法。     

Bi@Bi4Ti3O12/TiO2等离子体复合纤维的制备及增强可见光催化性能

以电纺TiO₂纳米纤维为基质和反应物、乙二醇为还原剂,采用溶剂热法原位合成了新型Bi@Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂/TiO₂等离子体复合纤维。利用XRD、SEM、高倍透射电子显微镜（HRTEM）、XPS、紫外-可见漫反射光谱（UV-Vis DRS）和光致发光图谱（PL）等分析测试手段研究了Bi@Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂/TiO₂复合纤维的结构和性能。结果表明:当反应温度低于210℃时,Bi@Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂/TiO₂复合纤维的Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂纳米片随反应温度升高逐渐缩小、增厚,且有金属Bi纳米粒子生成;当反应温度高于210℃时,Bi@Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂/TiO₂复合纤维的纳米片发生堆积、变形、表面金属Bi被氧化成Bi₂O₃。反应温度对Bi@Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂/TiO₂等离子体复合纤维的形貌和物相组成有重要影响;Bi@Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂/TiO₂复合纤维对罗丹明B表现出优异的光催化活性,可见光照5 h其降解率达97.8%。Bi@Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂/TiO₂复合纤维光催化性能提高归结于Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂与TiO₂间形成异质结、金属Bi等离子体共振效应及等离子体共振效应与异质结的协同作用。      

CoFe2与CoFe2O4质量比及MgO稀释对CoFe2@CoFe2O4磁性的影响

采用金属有机盐热分解方法制备了MgO包覆的CoFe₂O₄纳米粒子（CoFe₂O₄@MgO）,然后将CoFe₂O₄@MgO在H₂中还原,接着在空气中氧化制备了一组CoFe₂@CoFe₂O₄@MgO样品;用盐酸溶液溶解CoFe₂@CoFe₂O₄@MgO中的MgO获得另一组样品（CoFe₂@CoF₂O₄）。测量并绘制了CoFe₂@CoFe₂O₄@MgO和CoFe₂@CoF₂O₄的磁化强度随外磁场及温度变化的关系曲线。随着氧化温度升高,CoFe₂@CoFe₂O₄@MgO和CoFe₂@CoF₂O₄的矫顽力H_c、饱和磁化强度M_s、剩磁比M_r/M_s及磁有序状态发生显著变化,这些变化强烈依赖于磁性粒子的各向异性及粒子间的偶极相互作用。     

原位合成TiB2/Fe复合材料的高温氧化行为

采用微波烧结技术原位生成TiB₂/Fe复合材料,研究其在500℃、600℃与700℃空气中的恒温氧化行为,并对氧化膜的表面、截面形貌及相组成进行了分析。结果表明:TiB₂/Fe复合材料由TiB₂、Fe₂B和α-Fe三种物相组成。随着氧化温度的升高,TiB₂/Fe复合材料的氧化增重明显增大,均呈现抛物线型规律,在500℃时,其氧化产物主要为Fe₂O₃和Fe₃O₄,而700℃时,其氧化物为Fe₂O₃、TiO₂、Fe₉TiO₁₅及少量Fe₃BO₆组成。相同温度下,随着TiB₂含量增加,TiB₂/Fe复合材料氧化物粒径、氧化增重和氧化层厚度均减小,氧化激活能增大,其抗氧化性能也越好。      

SnO2修饰石墨毡电极的制备及其性能表征

采用H₂O₂对石墨毡（GF）进行预处理,然后在其表面电沉积Sn,最后在120℃烘箱氧化24 h制备出SnO₂修饰的石墨毡电极。通过扫描电镜（SEM）对SnO₂修饰前后的石墨毡表面形貌进行表征,采用循环伏安法研究了SnO₂修饰后石墨毡电极的电化学性能。结果表明：SnO₂能够均匀地包覆在石墨毡表面;SnO₂修饰石墨毡后V⁴⁺/V⁵⁺电对的氧化峰的峰电流由0.0538 A增加到0.0708 A,与未处理石墨毡相比增加了31.5%,反应峰出峰持续时间提高,说明SnO₂对V⁴⁺/V⁵⁺电对电极过程具有一定的催化作用。析氧电位由1.382 V增加到了1.517 V,使电极在VOSO₄溶液中的电化学窗口变宽。     

Ti1Li3Al2-LDHs/g-C3N4复合材料的制备及其光催化CO2-甲苯反应特性

光催化CO₂还原是实现CO₂绿色转化利用的重要途径之一,但一直受其反应转化效率低的制约。开发新的CO₂还原反应体系和提高光催化剂的可见光利用率及光生电子与空穴的分离效率是解决上述问题的有效方法。本文利用甲苯作为底物,构建了光催化CO₂-甲苯耦合反应的新体系,并通过静电组装法合成了Ti₁Li₃Al₂-层状双氢氧化物(LDHs)/石墨相氮化碳(g-C₃N₄)复合光催化剂。重点研究了该复合光催化剂的光电性质及在CO₂-甲苯耦合反应体系中的光催化反应特性。结果表明,在光催化CO₂-甲苯耦合体系中,Ti₁Li₃Al₂-LDHs/g-C₃N₄作用下,CO₂被还原为CO,甲苯被氧化为苯甲醇、苯甲醛及苯甲酸苄酯,其中苯甲醛和苯甲醇的含...     

N2O5/HNO3硝化合成1,2,3,4-丁四醇四硝酸酯

以赤藓糖醇为原料,利用绿色硝化剂五氧化二氮（N₂O₅）在硝酸(HNO₃)介质中硝解制得1,2,3,4-丁四醇四硝酸酯（ETN）。与现有混酸法相比,该反应可在无硫酸(H₂SO₄)环境下进行,后处理简单,废酸污染小。试验探讨了投料比、反应温度和反应时间对ETN产率的影响,用扫描电镜SEM、红外光谱IR等对不同ETN晶体的形态进行了表征。结果表明,投料比m(赤藓糖醇):m(N₂O₅):V(HNO₃)=2.5 g :4.0 g :20.0 mL、反应温度为20 ℃、反应时间为2 h时,ETN的产率最高,达76.6%。同时,3种不同晶体形态的ETN具有相同的特征峰。     

改性活性炭对SO2和NOx的吸附性能研究

分别采用Cu(NO₃)₂、H₂O₂和KMnO₄对椰壳活性炭进行改性，研究了活性炭微观结构、表面化学性质变化，及其对SO₂、NO_x等酸性腐蚀性气氛的吸附性能。结果表明，Cu(NO₃)₂改性活性炭比表面积显著降低，平均孔径有所下降，Cu(NO₃)₂微晶分布于活性炭表面及微观孔道内，表面以碳、铜、氧和氮元素为主。H₂O₂改性活性炭比表面积有所增加，平均孔径减小，H₂O₂与活性炭表层反应后起到刻蚀效应，引入丰富的微纳孔道结构，使其表面含氧官能团增加，氧元素含量提升。KMnO₄改性活性炭比表面积和平均孔径略微降低，KMnO₄与活性炭表层反应后含氧官能团增加，反应产物附着于活性炭表面，改变其微观结构。三种方式改性的活性炭对SO     

不同晶型Fe2O3催化H2O2湿法脱硝的实验研究

研究了以α-Fe₂O₃、β-Fe₂O₃和γ-Fe₂O₃为催化剂的类Fenton试剂溶液氧化吸收NO的过程,分析了3种Fe₂O₃的晶相结构和表面性质对NO脱除效率的影响机理。脱硝性能测试结果表明：γ-Fe₂O₃的活性最好,在H₂O₂浓度为1.5 mol/L、催化剂浓度为20 mmol/L、pH值为5以及反应温度为55℃等条件下,γ-Fe₂O₃的脱硝率可达87.5%。机理研究表明：3种Fe₂O₃催化H₂O₂分解湿法脱除NO的反应发生在催化剂表面,反应过程中存在氧化还原循环,H₂O₂催化分解的主要产物是·OH。活性差异分析结果表明：Fe₂O₃的晶相结构和表面性质对NO的脱除效果具有显著的影响,γ-Fe₂O₃的活性最高是由于比表面积大、分散性高和表面的Fe²⁺含量更多,而β-Fe₂O₃的活性高于α-Fe₂O₃是由于表面的氧空位含量更多。     

高体积分数SiCp/A356复合材料的显微组织和电导率

铝基复合材料在电子封装领域存在着潜在的应用前景。为获得高体积分数的铝基复合材料,利用压力浸渗法制备了高体积分数SiC颗粒增强A356复合材料(SiC_p/A356),通过金相显微镜、XRD、SEM和EDS等分析手段对其物相、显微结构和电导率进行了表征。结果表明:用该方法制备的SiC_p/A356复合材料组织致密,颗粒分布均匀,界面结合性能较好;SiC增强颗粒与A356基体界面反应控制良好,仅有少量Al4C3脆性相生成。SiC粉体经颗粒表面氧化处理在其表面生成一层SiO_2薄膜,虽抑制了界面反应的发生,但也使复合材料的收缩减小,电阻率增大,导电性能变差。     

(SiC,TiB2)/B4C复合材料的烧结机理

研究了在热压条件下制备 (SiC, TiB₂)/ B₄C复合材料的烧结机理。认为烧结助剂的加入使本体系成为液相烧结,同时粉料的微细颗粒对复合材料的烧结致密也有重要贡献。分析和测量了制取的复合材料的相组成、显微结构和力学性能。结果表明,采用B₄C与Si₃N₄和少量SiC、TiC为原料,Al₂O₃＋Y₂O₃为烧结助剂,在烧结温度1800~1880℃,压力30 MPa的热压条件下烧结反应生成了SiC、TiB₂和少量的BN,制取了(SiC, TiB₂)/B₄C复合材料。所形成的晶体显微结构为层片状。制得的试样的硬度、抗弯强度和断裂韧性分别可达HRA88.6、540 MPa和5.6 MPa·m1/2。      

Liquid-phase impact diffusion welding of SiCp/6061Al and its mechanism

Liquid-phase impact diffusion welding (LPIDW) technique was used to join the aluminum matrix composite SiC_p/6061Al. The composite joints welded successfully, gave tensile strength up to 260 MPa and radial deformation below 3%. Analysis of the microstructure and tensile strength of the welded joints showed: (i) the achievement of prominent joint interface between SiC particles and the matrix; (ii) the change of pernicious contact-state from reinforcement (SiC)/reinforcement (SiC) to reinforcement (SiC)/matrix/reinforcement (SiC) of the reinforcement particles; (iii) the disappearance of the harmful microstructure/brittle phase of Al₄C₃ from the welded joint; (iv) the density of dislocation in the matrix next to the interface being higher; (v) the sign of intensively mutual entwisting of dislocation; and (vi) the deformation mainly taking place in the matrix grain. Furthermore, the rapid thermal pressing offered a denser nucleus area for matrix crystal and their deforming matrices around SiC particles engendered intensive aberration, which was favorable for forming nano-grains and for improving the properties of the welded composite joints.     

SiC-ZrO_2纳米颗粒协同强韧化MOSi_2陶瓷的组织与性能

通过热压烧结制备SiC-ZrO_2/MoSi_2复相陶瓷以及对比试样MoSi_2、ZrO_2/MoSi_2、SiC/MoSi_2陶瓷,利用X射线衍射仪、透射电镜以及力学性能测试仪器等对材料组织和力学性能进行了研究。结果表明:纳米ZrO_2、SiC颗粒的加入可以有效细化MoSi_2基体晶粒,纳米ZrO_2、SiC颗粒协同作用更有利于提高MoSi_2基陶瓷的抗弯强度和断裂韧性,协同相中纳米SiC颗粒细化和强化MoSi_2基体的效果要好于纳米ZrO_2颗粒;20 vol%SiC+10 vol%ZrO_2+MoSi_2复相陶瓷抗弯强度是MoSi_2的3.8倍,断裂韧度是MoSi_2的2.4倍;在复相陶瓷基体以及粒子周围存在不同特征的位错组态,ZrO_2可以依靠自身相变的体积效应向基体泵入或输送位错,钉扎位错的第二相粒子包括SiC粒子和未相变的ZrO_2小粒子,弥散相特别是晶内型SiC和ZrO_2粒子对复相陶瓷位错的钉扎作用明显。     

SiCP/AZ80镁基复合材料的界面与断口特征

本文用SEM,TEM研究了SiC颗粒增强AZ80镁合金复合材料的界面结构和断口形貌。结果表明,SiC颗粒与镁合金界面结合紧密,没有发生界面化学反应,但在界面处可以观察到Mg₁₇Al₁₂共晶相在SiC表面形核生长。对复合材料断口观察表明,SiC颗粒与镁合金界面之间的粘结强度大于基体的撕裂强度,SiC颗粒的聚集、团聚是导致复合材料断裂的主要原因,且复合材料的断裂形式趋向脆性断裂。     

Strengthening mechanisms in Al2O3/SiC nanocomposites

A strengthening mechanism merely arising from internal (residual) microstresses due to thermal expansion mismatch is proposed for explaining the high experimental strength data measured in Al₂O₃/SiC nanocomposites. Upon cooling, transgranular SiC particles undergo lower shrinkage as compared to the surrounding matrix and provide a hydrostatic “expansion” effect in the core of each Al₂O₃ grain. Such a grain expansion tightens the internal Al₂O₃ grain boundaries, thus shielding both weakly bonded and unbonded (cracked) grain boundaries. It is shown that the shielding effect by intragranular SiC particles is more pronounced than the grain-boundary opening effect eventually associated with thermal expansion anisotropy of the Al₂O₃ grains, even in the “worst” Al₂O₃-grain cluster configuration. Therefore, an improvement of the material strength can be found. However, a large stress intensification at the grain boundary is found when intergranular SiC particles are present, which can produce a noticeable wedge-like opening effect and trigger grain-boundary fracture. The present model enables us to explain the experimental strength data reported for Al₂O₃/SiC nanocomposites and confirms that the high strength of these materials can be explained without invoking any toughening contribution by the SiC dispersion.     

Analyses of the role of grain boundaries in mesoscale dynamic fracture resistance of SiC-Si3N4 intergranular nanocomposites

Silicon carbide (SiC)-silicon nitride (Si₃N₄) nanocomposites with SiC dispersions as well as Si₃N₄ matrix of mesoscale dimensions (∼1 μm) are considered to have exceptional strength attributed to interactions of SiC dispersions with Si₃N₄ grain boundaries (GBs). However, an account of GBs on the strength of these nanocomposites is not available. In order to analyze this issue, cohesive finite element method (CFEM) based mesoscale dynamic fracture analyses of SiC-Si₃N₄ nanocomposites with an explicit account of length scales associated with Si₃N₄ GBs, SiC particles, and Si₃N₄ grains are performed. Analyses indicate that primary mechanism of fracture in the nanocomposite microstructures is intergranular Si₃N₄ matrix cracking. GBs are responsible for crack deflection and accordingly damage is limited to a smaller geometric region in microstructures with GBs. On an average, a microstructure with GBs present is stronger than the corresponding microstructure with GBs removed. However, in cases where the second phase SiC particles are in the wake of microcracks the microstructure without GB becomes stronger against fracture in comparison to the corresponding one with GBs owing to the crack bridging effect caused by the second phase SiC particles.     

Development of Al356/SiCp cast composites by injection of SiCp containing composite powders

One of the great challenges of producing cast metal matrix composites is the agglomeration tendency of the reinforcements. This would normally result in poor distribution of the particles, high porosity content, and low mechanical properties. In the present work, a new method for uniform distribution of very fine SiC particles with average size of less than 3 μm was employed. The key idea was to allow for gradual in situ release of properly wetted SiC particles in the liquid metal. For this purpose, SiC particles were injected into the melt in three different forms, i.e., untreated SiC_p, milled particulate Al–SiC_p composite powder, and milled particulate Al–SiC_p–Mg composite powder. The resultant composite slurries were then cast from either fully liquid (stir casting) or semisolid (compocasting) state. Consequently, the effects of the casting method and the type of the injected powder on the microstructural characteristics as well as the mechanical properties of the cast composites were investigated. The results showed that the distribution of SiC particles in the matrix and the porosity content of the composites were greatly improved by injecting milled composite powders instead of untreated-SiC particles into the melt. Casting from semisolid state instead of fully liquid state had similar effects. The average size of SiC particles incorporated into the matrix was also significantly reduced from about 8 to 3 μm by injecting milled composite powders. The ultimate tensile strength, yield strength and elongation of Al356/5 vol.%SiC_p composite manufactured by compocasting of the (Al–SiC_p–Mg)_cp injected melt were increased by 90%, 103% and 135%, respectively, compared to those of the composite manufactured by stir casting of the untreated-SiC_p injected melt.     

SiC颗粒尺寸对Al2O3-SiC纳米复合陶瓷的影响

采用非均相沉积法制备含有不同粒径ＳｉＣ颗粒的Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＳｉＣ复合粉体,粉体呈Ａｌ２Ｏ３包裹ＳｉＣ的开貌,经热压烧结获得致密烧结体,通过ＳＥＭ观察,Ａｌ２Ｏ３基体晶粒尺寸随着加入ＳｉＣ颗粒粒径的减小而减小。但减小的趋势比Ｚｅｎｅｒ模型预测的弱,力学性能随着加入ＳｉＣ颗粒粒径的减小而得到改善,这主要同ＳｉＣ颗粒对基体的弱化作用减弱及基体粒径变小有关。     

Corrosion protection and formation mechanism of anodic coating on SiCp/Al metal matrix composite

The corrosion protection from sulfuric acid anodized coatings on 2024 aluminum and SiC particle reinforced 2024 aluminum metal matrix composite (SiC_p/2024Al MMC) in 3.5 wt.% NaCl aqueous solution was investigated using electrochemical methods. The results show that the anodized coating on 2024Al provides good corrosion protection to 3.5 wt.% NaCl, and the anodized coating on the SiC_p/2024Al MMC provides some corrosion protection, but it is not as effective as for 2024Al because non-uniformity in thickness and cavities present are associated with the SiC particulates. Cavities above SiC particles are the reason that the anodized coating on the MMC cannot be completely sealed by hot water as with anodic Al alloy. SiC particle anodizes at a significantly reduced rate compared with the adjacent Al matrix. This gives rise to alumina film encroachment beneath the particle and occlusion of the partly anodized particle in the coating. It was found that the barrier layer of anodized Al MMC is not continuous, and it is composed primarily of the barrier layer of anodized Al matrix and a barrier-type SiO₂ film on occluded SiC particles in the coating. A new formation mechanism of coating growth during anodizing of a SiC_p/2024Al MMC was proposed.