添加剂对镁合金磷酸盐-高锰酸盐化学转化膜耐蚀性的影响

在磷酸二氢铵和高锰酸钾组成的化学转化处理基础液中,添加单一添加剂和复合添加剂,在AZ31镁合金表面上制备出了耐蚀性良好的化学转化膜。采用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析仪(EDS)、电化学方法、全浸蚀试验和中性盐雾试验分别对化学转化膜的微观形貌、成分和耐蚀性进行了检测和评价。结果表明,化学转化处理提高了镁合金的耐蚀性,且不同的添加剂对化学转化膜耐蚀性的提高效果不一样。其中,复合添加剂对镁合金的耐蚀性的提高效果更为显著。     

化学沉积铈转化膜的工艺优化及其耐蚀性

采用化学沉积法在铝阳极氧化膜上制备铈转化膜。通过SEM和EDS表征了阳极氧化膜、化学沉积铈转化膜形貌和组成成分;用极化曲线法、EIS交流阻抗法和酸、碱点滴试验对膜耐蚀性进行了评估。结果表明,在铝阳极氧化膜上经过化学沉积可制备铈转化膜,其耐蚀性优于铝阳极氧化膜的耐蚀性。优化的铈转化膜工艺为:3 g/LCe2(SO4)3,20 ml/L H2O2,温度50℃,时间60 min。     

2A12 铝合金硬质阳 极氧化及膜层性能研究

目的对混合酸电解液体系中2A12铝合金硬质阳极氧化膜层的制备及性能进行研究。方法采用以硫酸为主的混合酸电解液体系,对2A12铝合金进行硬质阳极氧化,研究混合酸电解液主要成分对2A12硬质阳极氧化膜层性能的作用和影响。结果在硫酸的溶解、有机酸吸附以及添加剂的耦合作用下,混和酸电解液避免了2A12铝合金硬质阳极氧化膜制备过程中存在的烧蚀现象,膜层平均硬度达到400HV0.05以上。WX添加剂能够明显改善2A12铝合金硬氧化膜层的耐蚀性能,经过168 h的中性盐雾试验,仅出现了5%的白霜,但与相同厚度的7A04铝合金硬质阳极氧化膜层相比,耐蚀性较差。结论建议制备有耐蚀性要求的硬质阳极氧化膜层时选用铜含量较低的铝合金材料。     

α-Al2 O3微粒对铸造Al-Si合金微弧氧化膜耐蚀性的影响

目的通过共生沉积技术将α-Al2O3微粒引入到铸造Al-Si合金微弧氧化膜中,并研究其对膜层耐蚀性的影响。方法利用SEM和XRD分析α-Al2O3微粒对微弧氧化膜微观结构及成分的影响。通过极化曲线、交流阻抗谱及中性盐雾试验评价膜层的耐蚀性。结果α-Al2O3微粒复合改变了微弧氧化膜的组成及结构。微弧氧化膜呈双层结构,表面存在大量微孔,主要组成为γ-Al2O3;加入α-Al2O3微粒后,微弧氧化复合膜的表面微孔大幅减少,致密度提高,且膜层中α-Al2O3相增多。此外,α-Al2O3微粒复合改善了微弧氧化膜的耐蚀性。微弧氧化膜在质量分数为3.5%的Na Cl溶液中的自腐蚀电流密度约为1.476×10-5A/cm2,多孔层电阻Rp及阻挡层电阻Rb分别为0.259 kΩ·cm2及69.18 kΩ·cm2,耐盐雾试验时间为1200 h。加入α-Al2O3微粒后,微弧氧化复合膜的自腐蚀电流密度仅为微弧氧化膜层的28%,Rp大幅增加至274.5 kΩ·cm2,且Rb也上升了一个数量级,耐盐雾试验时间可达1440 h。结论α-Al2O3微粒的引入可以大幅提高铸造Al-Si合金微弧氧化膜的耐蚀性。     

DTAB 和甘氨酸对钢铁表面氟铁酸盐转化膜耐蚀性的影响

目的提高氟铁酸钾转化膜的耐蚀性。方法通过扫描电子显微镜分析、中性盐雾实验和极化曲线测试,研究氟铁酸盐转化液中加入十二烷基三甲基溴化铵和甘氨酸对钢铁表面转化膜耐蚀性的影响。结果转化液中加入两种物质使转化膜的厚度增加,自腐蚀电位正移了大约42 mV,自腐蚀电流降低了大约1/3,耐中性盐雾时间延长了2倍以上。结论钢铁表面转化膜的耐蚀性获得显著提高。     

稀土盐对铝合金硼硫酸阳极氧化膜层性能的影响

目的研究代替铬酸阳极氧化和稀铬酸氧化膜层封闭处理的工艺。方法在硼硫酸阳极氧化溶液中添加不同的稀土盐对铝合金进行阳极氧化,采用稀土盐对氧化膜层进行封闭处理,分析对比膜质量及膜层耐腐蚀性能。结果在硼硫酸阳极氧化溶液中加入稀土A盐能够提高氧化膜层的耐腐蚀性能,用稀土C盐溶液对该阳极氧化膜层进行封闭处理,可以进一步提高氧化膜层的耐腐蚀性能,耐中性盐雾腐蚀时间达到336 h。结论稀土A盐改进的硼硫酸阳极氧化/C盐封闭技术有望代替铬酸阳极氧化技术。     

镁合金表面磷酸盐转化膜研究

研究了以Zn(H2PO4)2为主盐的溶液在AZ31和AZ61镁合金表面进行磷酸盐转化膜处理的工艺.通过正交试验确定了溶液成分和工艺参数,采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱仪、X射线衍射仪等分析了镁合金磷酸盐转化膜的结构和组成,利用中性盐雾试验等研究了膜的耐蚀性.讨论了镁合金表面磷酸盐转化反应过程以及转化膜可能的耐蚀原理.结果表明,镁合金磷酸盐转化膜结晶细致,微观表面粗糙,膜的主要成分是[Zn3(PO4)2·4H2O]·[Zn2Mg(PO4)2·4H2O],转化膜与涂层的结合力可以达到1级,涂层经3%盐水腐蚀360 h无明显变化,经中性盐雾腐蚀144 h无明显变化.     

7075铝合金微弧氧化涂层的组织结构与耐蚀耐磨性能

采用微弧氧化技术在7075铝合金表面制备保护性涂层,考察工艺参数对涂层生长过程的影响规律,利用SEM和XRD测试微弧氧化涂层的微观组织,通过中性盐雾实验评价涂层的耐腐蚀性能,通过摩擦磨损实验研究涂层的摩擦磨损特性.结果表明,电流密度和氧化时间是影响微弧氧化涂层质量和厚度的重要参数;γ-Al_2O_3是微弧氧化涂层的主要组成相,基体材料成分和电解液组分都会影响涂层的相组成;涂层厚度以及封孔处理对涂层的耐腐蚀性能具有显著影响,经适当工艺制备和处理的微弧氧化涂层耐中性盐雾实验时间可达2000h以上,耐蚀性优异;微弧氧化处理能够显著提高7075铝合金的耐磨性,与7075铝合金基体和硬质阳极氧化膜相比,微弧氧化涂层的耐磨性分别提高了约400倍和50倍.     

热浸镀锌层上丙烯酸树脂和钨酸盐复合钝化工艺研究

运用丙烯酸树脂与钨酸盐复合钝化,通过正交试验法对热镀锌层钝化工艺进行了优化。此外,采用单因素变量法、硫酸铜点滴试验、中性盐雾腐蚀试验以及电化学测试研究了工艺参数对钝化膜外观和耐蚀性的影响。结果表明:最佳钝化工艺:45 g/L丙烯酸树脂,25 g/L钨酸钠,8 g/L硫脲,15 g/L KF,10 m L/L H_2O_2,pH值为11,钝化40 s,钝化温度30℃。通过最优钝化工艺能获得表面平整、光亮的钝化膜。钝化膜中性盐雾试验出现白锈的时间可达72 h,明显优于未钝化镀锌层。     

新型高强稀土Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Sc铝合金的阳极氧化及其抗腐蚀性能研究

针对添加稀土Sc的新型高强7000系铝合金中析出相的特征,发展了相应的阳极氧化工艺,并通过封孔后处理进一步提高膜层的致密性。结果表明,在7000系稀土铝合金表面存在的含Sc析出相作为微阴极,加速其周围Al基体的溶解,影响成膜均匀性。通过调整氧化溶液组成及电参数,在铝合金表面获得了均匀的阳极氧化膜。同时对比了氟锆酸盐、铈盐及沸水3种封孔工艺对阳极氧化膜耐蚀性的影响,结果显示沸水封孔后的阳极氧化膜呈银白色,膜层均匀致密,无缺陷和微裂纹存在,耐蚀性最佳,该膜层盐雾测试336 h未发生腐蚀,可以满足实际工业应用的要求。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。