垃圾填埋场地利用中的气体阻隔和承载力强化

以重庆某已封场非规范垃圾填埋场为例,分析了在该填埋场地上进行防渗和稳定化处理的工程措施效果。通过分析不同深度填埋垃圾中的生物可降解物质(BDM)含量及填埋气中的CH4含量,评判垃圾填埋场的稳定化程度,据此采用帷幕灌浆技术对该场地进行处理,以达到气体防渗和地基稳定性条件。结果表明:该填埋场表层13 m深度以内的垃圾体稳定化程度较低,而填埋深度超过13 m的垃圾体基本稳定。实施帷幕灌浆后,可切断垃圾填埋场与周边建筑工程间填埋气的横向通道,填埋气中的CH4含量1%,可满足《生活垃圾填埋场稳定化场地利用技术要求》(GB/T 25179—2010)中高度利用的要求;另外,地基承载力为240~320 kPa,可满足工程设计要求。由此说明,帷幕灌浆技术可以实现对已封场非规范垃圾填埋场地进行安全利用。     

生物可降解度判定生活垃圾堆肥处理的稳定性

准确判定城市生活垃圾（MSW）堆肥化处理的生物降解稳定性具有重要的环境、社会和经济意义，然而现有判定指标受垃圾组成不均匀性的影响，表现出一定的波动性。针对堆肥过程中微生物降解的主要对象——生物可降解物质进行研究，测定了接种1％高温菌、小风量连续通风静态好氧堆肥试验过程中生物可降解物质和有机质含量的变化。结果表明，堆肥过程中生物可降解度（BDM）受垃圾组分的影响较小，可较好地反映垃圾生物降解的规律，优于其他从有机成分变化角度判定MSW生物降解稳定性的指标。从动力学的角度，运用Matlab软件分段拟合出了整个堆肥过程中BDM变化曲线的表达式，验证了两段拟舍的可行性。     

地下垃圾堆场的设计与施工技术

垃圾地下堆场,在我国越来越得到重视。本文参考国外先进技术,调查了上海市市郊的几个垃圾堆场现实情况,指出在我国兴建垃圾堆场的施工技术,防水性能等技术指标和要求。笔者设计的大型地下垃圾堆场平面、剖面图,对于垃圾安全存放有一定的指导意义。     

简易垃圾填埋场污染控制与生态恢复

<正>我国简易垃圾填埋场历年垃圾堆存量达数十亿吨,其释放的污染物将对环境产生长期而巨大的影响。简易垃圾填埋场存在安全隐患由于缺乏系统的规划设计,简易垃圾填埋场在污染控制方面十分薄弱,虽然采取一些补救措施,但缺     

老填埋场改扩建中的关键环境岩土技术问题

老填埋场由于采用简易填埋方式和传统填埋作业工艺,对区域土壤、地下水、地表水、大气都存在不同程度的环境污染问题。本文通过对国内外老填埋场改扩建工程的总结分析,指出垃圾堆体稳定、垃圾沉降、渗沥液迁移扩散问题是老填埋场改扩建中的关键岩土技术问题。垃圾堆体稳定主要涵盖新老垃圾堆体的局部稳定、整体稳定、接触面稳定问题,垃圾沉降包括过大沉降和不均匀沉降问题,渗沥液迁移扩散包括填埋场渗沥液迁移分析和地下水污染防治等问题。针对这三大问题,对其机理成因、模型方法、扩建工程措施、老场改建措施等方面进行归纳总结,结合具体工程对这些问题的研究成果进行综述,并从工程技术角度提出了初步解决方案,明确了需要进一步解决和研究的问题,为今后国内填埋场的改扩建指明了发展方向和技术改进途径。     

模拟自然降雨作用对矿化垃圾污染物释放规律研究

实验拟对青岛市地铁北站填埋场封场10年的矿化垃圾模拟自然降雨,研究不同粒径及有机质含量的矿化垃圾污染物释放规律.结果表明,粒径小的矿化垃圾其溶出污染物浓度较高;有机质含量的差异与渗沥液污染物浓度之间没有明显的相关性(COD除外).污染物释放规律符合乘幂衰减模型,Cl-浓度变化趋势整体不符合乘幂衰减模型,但降雨后期符合.矿化垃圾在自然降雨作用下对水体环境存在一定的影响,且氨氮和TN是污染指数较高的因子.     

浅谈清流县观音堂垃圾填埋场存量垃圾治理措施

近些年来,清流县的经济出现快速增长态势,城市各项建设也开始迅速发展。清流县观音堂的垃圾填埋场自1992年启用,至2009年简易封场,已经堆积平均埋深近15 m的垃圾堆,而目前,在清流县的观音堂垃圾填埋场附近已经建起体育中心,周边土地也基本被规划为住宅用地,若存量垃圾未处理恰当,则会对清流县城区的环境卫生和附近居民的日常生活造成巨大影响。而根据清流县有关部门的规划,此垃圾填埋场在整治后主要作为城市公共用地使用,基于此,本文将对此垃圾填埋场存量垃圾的治理措施进行探讨。     

为亚太地区人民解决居住问题（四）

虽然人口增长常常被视为土壤恶化背后的驱动力，不加区别地把未分类的生活固体垃圾堆集在简易垃圾填埋场也是一个主要因素。随着发展中国家实现经济进步，变得更加富裕，生活固体垃圾的构成主体从可生物降解的有机材料转变成为塑料和其他合成物，这些垃圾分解需要更长的时间，如果还可以分解的话。随着亚太地区固体生活垃圾在绝对数量和人均数量上持续增长，亚太地区的城市和城镇迫切需要采用环境无害化技术来处理固体垃圾。     

我国吨位最大的垃圾压实机诞生

随着我国城市化进程的加快和人民生活水平的不断提高,城市生活垃圾正以每年4.8％的速度增长,大量生活垃圾的堆放和简易填埋给环境整治提出了严峻的考验。垃圾压实机是城市垃圾填埋场的关键设备,垃圾经压实机压实后,可大大降低垃圾堆产生火灾的危险和害虫滋生的条件,提高垃圾填埋场的使用寿命。目前国内市场上使用的垃圾压实机,多是根据客户需要对     

填埋场封场后的次沉降计算

探讨了封场后填埋场的沉降机理以及填埋体中有机质的降解规律,提出了在分析填埋场封场后的沉降时应单独考虑由于填埋体降解引起的体积减少的观点。提出了分析有机质降解引起的沉降的理论模型,并利用该模型解释了实测中出现的在次压缩后期沉降对数曲线斜率增大的现象。在理想条件下,填埋场的降解沉降为最终降解沉降和一衰减项的乘积。填埋场的最终降解沉降率取决于填埋体的可降解有机质含量和一无量纲数M,其物理含义为降解速率与填埋时间的乘积;而衰减项则是填埋体降解速率和时间的函数。     

The behaviour of organic matter in the process of soft soil stabilization using cement

In some projects where cement is used to stabilize soft soil foundations, it is found that the organic matter influences the stabilization effect. As a consequence, extra admixtures are added to accelerate the reactions of cement and improve the stabilization effect. In this study, different kinds of extra admixtures were used with cement to stabilize a soft soil with a high organic content. Direct shear and unconfined compression tests were undertaken and the mechanical indices in different conditions obtained. The total amount and components of the organic matter in every sample were also determined. The results show that the addition of extra admixtures improves the properties of cement-stabilized soils and that different extra admixtures play a different role.      

Mechanical properties of stabilized artificial organic soil

In order to study the influence of organic matter on the mechanical properties of stabilized soil and the effect of XGL2005 on stabilizing organic soil, unconfined compressive strength tests were carried out. Test results indicated that the strength of stabilized soil decreased in the form of a logarithmic function as the organic matter content increased. In contrast, the strength increased in the form of a power function as the content of the stabilization agent increased. The strength of cement stabilized organic soil was reinforced greatly by adding the stabilizer XGL2005. Based on the law obtained from the test, a strength prediction model was established by regression analysis. The model included the influence of the curing time, the content of the cement, the organic matter content and the stabilization agent on the strength of stabilized soil. __________ Translated from Journal of Zhejiang University (Engineering Science), 2007, 41(1): 109–113 [译自: 浙江 大学学报(工学版)]     

有机质对草炭土物理力学性质影响的机理分析

草炭土的有机质含量是决定其物理、力学性质的主要因素。通过对草炭土有机质含量和物理力学指标相关特征的研究,对草炭土的压缩、强度特性在不同有机质含量下产生的力学效应机理进行了分析。结果表明：由于有机质疏松的海绵结构及胶结作用在草炭土团聚体中的主导作用,使有机质对草炭土物理力学的相关指标和力学效应均有明显的控制作用。有机质含量的增加使草炭土的压缩性增大,固结系数降低,渗透性下降,对主固结产生很大影响,同时也使有机质中腐殖质的胶结作用相应增强,从而使黏聚力相应增加。上述特性的研究,对于草炭土地区地基处理方案的选择有指导意义,同时为深入研究草炭土的结构特性奠定了基础。     

Direct and indirect photolysis of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim in wastewater treatment plant effluent

The photolysis of two antibacterial compounds, sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim, was studied in wastewater effluent. The rate of loss of sulfamethoxazole was enhanced in wastewater effluent due to indirect photolysis reactions, specifically reactions with hydroxyl radicals and triplet excited state effluent organic matter. Photolysis in the presence of natural organic matter, however, did not lead to enhanced degradation of sulfamethoxazole. Trimethoprim was also found to be susceptible to indirect photolysis in wastewater effluents, with hydroxyl radical and triplet excited effluent organic matter being the responsible species. Deoxygenation of solutions led to more rapid direct photolysis of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim, indicating that direct photolysis proceeds through a triplet excited state, which was verified by demonstrating that trimethoprim is a singlet oxygen sensitizer. In the wastewater effluents tested, photolysis could be apportioned into direct photolysis (48% for sulfamethoxazole, 18% for trimethoprim), reaction with hydroxyl radicals (36% and 62%, respectively) and reaction with triplet excited effluent organic matter (16% and 20%, respectively). These results indicate that allowing photolysis in wastewater stabilization ponds or wastewater treatment wetlands may lead to enhanced pharmaceutical removal prior to discharge and that effluent organic matter has different photoreactivity than natural organic matter.     

Production of lipophilic volatile organohalogen materials during laboratory chlorination of some waste water and polluted river water samples from Yugoslavia

Water chlorination leads to the generation of various halogenated products of natural and waste water organic mater. In natural surface water humic matter usually makes the greatest part of the total organic matter. However, in the river water polluted with various organic wastes, other organic matter is also present in significant concentrations. The investigation of the relationship between the concentration of organic matter in the samples of waste water and heavily polluted river waters in Yugoslavia on one side, and the production of the lipophilic volatile organohalogen materials during the process of their chlorination on the other side is described. The production of the halomethanes and other ECD response materials during the chlorination of water samples in laboratory conditions is compared with the concentrations of organic materials in water samples. From the obtained linear correlation coefficients, possibilities of predicting amounts of organohalides during the chlorination process by using several very simple methods for the organic materials estimation in the investigated water samples are discussed and compared.     

有机质对软土流变性质影响的试验研究

采用人工土、自然土、半人工半自然土制备3组有机质含量不同的试样,测试其基本的物理力学特性。采用改进的直剪蠕变仪,用分级加载的试验方法在相同试验条件下对所制备试样的流变性质进行测试,得到各试样在各级荷载下的蠕变曲线,进而求得各试样的平均粘滞系数。对各组试样的粘滞系数进行对比分析,结果表明有机质及其含量是影响软土流变性质的重要因素之一,土体的粘滞系数随有机质含量的增加而减小,即流变变形阻力随有机质含量的增多而减小。试验结果分析认为,有机质通过吸附于土颗粒表面的结合水影响土的流变性质,其中强结合水是土体产生流变的主要因素,而弱结合水则是相对次要因素。文中的试验结果有助于进一步认清土体流变的起因,对改进和完善现有流变变形计算理论有一定指导意义。     

高含水率有机质河道底泥压缩性状试验研究

河道底泥的压缩性状是影响河道底泥环保疏浚设计及处置的一个关键因素,采集了4条河道的底泥,针对4种城市河道底泥和过氧化氢处理的底泥开展了一系列物理和压缩试验,研究河道底泥的压缩性状,探讨有机质含量对河道底泥压缩性状的影响规律。试验结果表明,河道底泥的有机质含量变化范围大,河道底泥的压缩性状与底泥的物理性状密切相关,与无机质土类似,初始孔隙比和液限孔隙比是河道底泥压缩性状的两个关键控制因素。有机质对底泥压缩性状的影响可以归结于液限孔隙比的改变,有机质含量主要影响河道底泥的液限和比重,进而导致河道底泥重塑屈服应力σ_(yr)~′和压缩性状发生改变。有机质含量越高,液限孔隙比越大,压缩指数越大,呈现出的压缩性越高。     

Mechanical properties of stabilized artificial organic soil

In order to study the influence of organic matter on the mechanical properties of stabilized soil and the effect of XGL2005 on stabilizing organic soil, unconfined compressive strength tests were carried out. Test results indicated that the strength of stabilized soil decreased in the form of a logarithmic function as the organic matter content increased. In contrast, the strength increased in the form of a power function as the content of the stabilization agent increased. The strength of cement stabilized organic soil was reinforced greatly by adding the stabilizer XGL2005. Based on the law obtained from the test, a strength prediction model was established by regression analysis. The model included the influence of the curing time, the content of the cement, the organic matter content and the stabilization agent on the strength of stabilized soil.     

Modeling copper partitioning in surface waters

Suspended particulate matter from the surface waters of the Susquehanna, Christina and Brandywine Rivers was collected by tangential flow filtration to study copper partitioning. Copper adsorption increased with an increase of suspended particles and decreased with low pH values or with an increase of dissolved organic matter. Effects of particulate organic matter on copper distribution between suspended particulate and solution phases were studied using modified aluminum oxide. An increase of particulate organic matter enhanced copper adsorption. Copper adsorption per mass of particulate organic carbon was similar for the different sources of suspended particles. A model, based on copper adsorption on particles and complexation with dissolved organic matter, was developed to assess copper partition coefficient as a function of the easily measurable water quality parameters: pH, alkalinity, dissolved organic carbon and particulate organic matter. The partitioning model was calibrated on pH edge data using suspended particles collected from the three rivers. The model was verified using partitioning data as a function of dissolved organic matter. The model adequately describes the system containing natural suspended solids collected from the surface waters.