Stochastic optimal control of networked control systems with control packet dropouts

This paper considers the stochastic optimal control problem for networked control systems(NCSs)with control packet dropouts.The proportional plus up to the third-order derivative(PD3)compensation strategy is adopted to compensate for control packet dropouts at the actuator by using the past control packets stored in the buffer.Based on the strategy,a new NCS structure model with packet dropouts is provided,where the packet dropout is assumed to obey the Bernoulli random binary distribution.In terms of the given model,the stochastic optimal control law is proposed. Numerical examples illustrate the effectiveness of the results.     

具有长时延及丢包的网络控制系统稳定性分析

研究了同时具有大于一个采样周期的随机传输时延及数据包丢失的网络控制系统的稳定性问题．对于给定的数据包丢失率,网络控制系统被建模为具有两个事件速率约束的异步动态系统,利用异步动态系统理论给出了网络控制系统指数稳定的充分条件,状态反馈控制器可通过解一组矩阵不等式求出．仿真示例验证了所提出方法的有效性．     

一类网络控制系统的稳定性分析

针对网络控制系统中普遍存在的信息量化问题,采用基于模型的控制策略,研究了一类网络控制系统的稳定性.在考虑均匀量化的影响下,对于不同的初始量化误差,分别讨论了系统的稳定性,并给出了保证系统全局指数稳定的充分必要条件以及系统的稳定域范围.仿真结果验证了所得结论的正确性.     

具有数据包丢失的网络控制系统主动容错控制

在保证稳定性的前提下,研究具有数据包丢失的网络控制系统主动容错控制问题.基于一类包含马尔可夫丢包过程的网络控制系统模型,考虑了执行器可能失效的情况.利用Lyapunov稳定性理论和线性矩阵不等式方法,获得了系统的保性能被动容错控制器.从控制性能的角度考虑,针对不同的执行器失效模式,得到了丢包网络环境下系统的主动客错控制器的设计方法.数值示例表明,该控制器设计方法是有效的.     

Stability analysis of networked control systems subject to packet-dropouts and finite-level quantization

This paper is concerned with the stability analysis of a networked control system, wherein communication from the controller to the plant input is through a digital channel subject to packet-dropouts and finite-level quantization. No acknowledgments of receipt are available to the controller. To alleviate the effect of packet-dropouts, the controller transmits tentative plant input sequences. Within this setup, we derive a sufficient condition for small ?^∞ signal ?^∞ stability of the networked control system. This condition requires the maximum number of consecutive packet-dropouts to be bounded. We also elucidate the trade-off which exists between the disturbance attenuation and the step size of the quantizer and the maximum number of consecutive packet-dropouts.     

Input-to-state stability of networked control systems

A new class of Lyapunov uniformly globally asymptotically stable (UGAS) protocols in networked control systems (NCS) is considered. It is shown that if the controller is designed without taking into account the network so that it yields input-to-state stability (ISS) with respect to external disturbances (not necessarily with respect to the error that will come from the network implementation), then the same controller will achieve semi-global practical ISS for the NCS when implemented via the network with a Lyapunov UGAS protocol. Moreover, the ISS gain is preserved. The adjustable parameter with respect to which semi-global practical ISS is achieved is the maximal allowable transfer interval (MATI) between transmission times.     

Compensation for control packet dropout in networked control systems

With the integration of communication networks and distributed control in modern manufacturing and process industries, networked control systems (NCSs) are becoming increasingly important due to its simplicity, scalability, flexibility, and cost effectiveness. However, there are still significant technical barriers that limit the applications of NCS technologies. Two challenges are network-induced time delay and data packet dropout. Applying a real-time queuing protocol that we developed recently, we are able to limit the sum of the network-induced communication delay and the control computation delay within a control period. This one-period delay is further guaranteed by well designed compensation for control packet dropout. Then, this paper proposes to compensate for the control packet dropout at the actuator using past control signals. Three model-free strategies for control packet dropout compensation, namely, PD (proportional plus derivative), PD2 (proportional plus up to the second-order derivative), and PD3 (proportional plus up to the third-order derivative) are developed. They are suitable for a large number of NCSs without the need to tune the compensator parameters. The proposed dropout compensation schemes are demonstrated through numerical examples.     

有界丢包网络环境下不确定系统的预测控制

研究了有界丢包网络环境下的多包不确定系统的鲁棒预测控制．首先在构建无限时域性能代价函数时,不同于传统预测控制方法,只考虑成功数据传输序列,并由此提出了两种鲁棒预测控制方法：将无限时域控制作用参数化为一个状态反馈控制律;或参数化为一个自由控制作用接一个状态反馈控制律．与传统方法一样,采用性能代价函数作为Ｌｙａｐｕｎｏｖ函数证明了系统的闭环稳定性．仿真实例验证了此方法的有效性．     

A stabilizing model predictive control for networked control system with data packet dropout

A constrained model predictive control （MPC） algorithm for networked control system with data packet dropout is proposed in this paper. A buffer is designed to store the predicted control sequence between controller and actuator. It is shown that if the control horizon of MPC is not less than the number of data packets lost continuously, feasibility of MPC at initial time implies asymptotical stability of the closed-loop system. A simulation example illustrates the effectiveness of the proposed approach.     

Real-time guaranteed cost control of MIMO networked control systems with packet disordering

This paper discusses guaranteed cost control for multi-input and multi-output (MIMO) networked control systems (NCSs) with multi-channel packet disordering. Considering the time-varying and bounded network transmission delay, packet dropout and packet disordering, a novel model of NCSs is proposed by introducing the concept of packet displacement. It is worthwhile mentioned that this model can fully describe the dynamic characteristic of network and always guarantee the newest control input executed by the plant, which makes that the plant can be controlled in real time. The resulting closed-loop systems are jump linear systems due to the newest signals executed subject to Markovian chains. A real-time controller is designed for uncertain and certain NCSs based on Markovian theory combined with linear matrix inequality (LMI) techniques such that the closed-loop cost function value is not more than a specified upper bound that varies according to Quality of Services (QOS). Finally, numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

一类具有数据包丢失的网络控制系统的最优控制

针对控制器和执行器均采用时钟驱动且最大丢包率和最大连续丢包长度被限定的短时延网络控制系统,提出一种数据包丢失的估值补偿方法.该方法可以根据历史状态向量和控制向量信息估算出当前的控制量.利用该方法和动态规划算法,导出了离散二次型性能指标下的网络控制系统的最优控制序列,进而给出最优控制律的实现算法.数值仿真算例验证了所得结果的有效性和正确性.     

具有数据包丢失的奇异网络控制系统指数稳定性

考虑存在时延和数据包丢失的情况,研究了奇异被控对象的网络控制系统建模与指数稳定性问题.当时延不大于一个采样周期且数据包丢失率一定时,将正则、无脉冲的奇异网络控制系统建模为数据包丢失率约束的异步动态切换系统,给出了状态反馈和动态输出反馈的统一数学模型;推导出数据包丢失率约束的系统指数稳定的充分条件,给出了使系统指数稳定的最大允许数据包丢失率,仿真结果表明了该方法的有效性和可行性.     

Predictive control for networked systems affected by correlated packet loss

In this paper, we consider the predictive control problem of designing receding horizon controllers for networked linear systems subject to random packet loss in the controller to actuator link. The packet dropouts are temporarily correlated in the sense that they obey a Markovian transition model. Our design task is to solve the optimal controller that minimizes a given receding horizon cost function, using the available packet loss history. Due to the correlated nature of the packet loss, standard linear quadratic regulator methods do not apply. We first present the optimal control law by considering the correlations. This controller turns out to depend on the packet loss history and would typically require a large lookup table for implementation when the Markovian order is high. To address this issue, we present and compare several suboptimal design approaches to reduce the number of control laws.     

Controller synthesis for networked control systems

This paper presents a discrete-time model for networked control systems (NCSs) that incorporates all network phenomena: time-varying sampling intervals, packet dropouts and time-varying delays that may be both smaller and larger than the sampling interval. Based on this model, constructive LMI conditions for controller synthesis are derived, such that stabilizing state-feedback controllers can be designed. Besides the proposed controller synthesis conditions a comparison is made between the use of parameter-dependent Lyapunov functions and Lyapunov-Krasovskii functions for stability analysis. Several examples illustrate the effectiveness of the developed theory.     

Tradeoffs between quantization and packet loss in networked control of linear systems

In this paper, we consider to derive the coarsest memoryless quantizer which can stabilize a single-input discrete-time linear time-invariant system with stochastic packet loss in the sense of stochastic quadratic stability. We show that the upper bound of the coarseness is strictly given by the packet loss probability and the unstable poles of the plants. We furthermore deal with permissible dead-zone width around the origin of the quantizers and time-varying finite quantizers in order to realize control using finite quantization steps.     

基于模型的输出反馈网络控制系统反馈调度研究

针对基于模型的网络控制系统缺乏应对动态变化的网络负载问题,设计反馈调度器,依据实际的网络拥塞情况,调整基于模型的网络控制系统的状态更新时间.为应对状态不完全可测的情况,在控制结构中使用了状态观测器,并证明了所提出系统在可变更新时间情况下的稳定性.仿真结果验证了稳定性条件的正确性和新网络控制系统结构的有效性.     

Analysis and synthesis of networked control systems: Topological entropy, observability, robustness and optimal control

This paper extends the concept of topological to the case of uncertain dynamical systems. We address problems of observability and optimal control via limited capacity digital communication channels. The main results are given in terms of inequalities between date rate of the communication channel and topological entropy of the open-loop system. Topological entropy is calculated for some classes of uncertain dynamical systems.     

一类具有通信逻辑的网络控制系统稳定性分析

针对具有线性不确定对象的网络控制系统的带宽约束问题,设计了具有周期通信逻辑的网络控制系统的结构,建立了具有周期通信逻辑的网络控制系统模型.运用现代控制理论和矩阵摄动理论相关原理,进一步证明了系统保持渐近稳定的充分条件.最后通过仿真算例验证了结论的有效性.     

On the model-based approach to nonlinear networked control systems

The problem of model-based stabilization of a nonlinear system based on its approximate discrete-time model is addressed, under the assumption that both the feedforward and the feedback paths are subject to network-induced constraints. These constraints include irregularity of the transfer intervals, time-varying communication delays, and the possibility of packet losses. A communication protocol that copes with these constraints is proposed. A “Stability+performance recovery” result for the nonlinear model-based networked control system (NCS) is formulated and proven.Simulation results presented confirm that the proposed method improves the maximum allowable transfer interval.     

Residual generation and evaluation of networked control systems subject to random packet dropout

In this paper, we address fault detection for networked control systems subject to random packet dropout. The packet dropout is assumed to be existing in the sensor-to-controller link and the controller-to-actuator link. Both parity space and observer based residual generation and evaluation approaches are proposed. In parity space based fault detection scheme, a new optimization index is proposed to deal with stochastic system parameters caused by random packet dropout, while in observer based scheme, this is accomplished by introducing a reference model. In order to evaluate performance of the designated threshold, the corresponding false alarm rate is given. The two fault detection schemes can ensure both robustness to packet dropout as well as disturbance and sensitivity to fault. An experimental study is employed to verify that the proposed method performs better than the existing approaches.