基于混合功能发展的保障性住宅用地规划研究

本文从城市用地混合功能发展的角度出发,分析研究了一类工业用地、文化设施用地、商业服务业设施用地、交通设施用地等适宜与保障性住宅混合发展的用地类型,针对城市老城区和新区中土地混合使用的不同特点,提出规划保障性住宅混合用地的不同策略,提高土地使用效率,实现低收入群体在城市中均匀分布的目标。     

适应多元居住需求的住房规划管理体系--日本住房制度变迁的启示

目前我国住房的核心矛盾已经从供需不足转为供需不匹配,相应的制度亟待改革。本文参考经历过类似转变时期的日本,从完善法律体系、供给体系及规划实施体系三方面入手进行考察,探讨做什么、谁去做以及怎样做三个问题。首先,相对于管理,日本住房体制更关注保障居住权利,并通过法律法规明确各方责任,形成权力制约。其次,政府并不直接提供住房,而是鼓励多方合作,从刚性"管制"转为弹性"引导"。最后,通过完善的统计系统和监督体制、相对独立的住房规划体系、切实可行的居住质量和居住面积等指标体系来确保有效提供住房。日本所有的住房政策都明确地指向一个目标:解决不同人群的多元居住需求,并通过细致严谨的规划管理体系保障实施,这对于我国从居住需求角度出发改革住房制度具有很好的借鉴作用。     

规划土地机制创新,推进保障住房建设

简要回顾了国家住房保障政策发展及上海市政府近年来对保障性住房规划建设的目标和要求。结合2008年以来上海市保障性住房规划建设情况,阐述了上海市规划国土部门在职能整合后,从发展战略出发,在规划编制、土地管理、建设实施等方面的机制创新,确保城市的长远发展和民生工作。     

新加坡保障性住房政策研究及借鉴

"十二五"是我国保障性住房建设的"加速跑"时期,国家与各省政府签订了保障房建设的协议,各城市政府也提出了保障性住房的建设目标与落实方案。为了更好地推进我国保障房建设,本文介绍了新加坡保障性住房政策,讨论了新加坡保障性住房体系的政策内容和特色,并以乌兰新镇的开发管理为例总结新加坡社区建设和管理经验,对我国保障性住房建设提出了参考建议。     

寻求社会公正与融合的可持续途径:荷兰社会住宅的发展与现状

作为世界上住房保障制度最为完善的国家之一,荷兰自20世纪初期以来长期重视社会住宅,即公有出租的保障性住房的规划和建设,将其作为解决城市住房问题、促进社会公正的主要方式,并根据社会经济背景的变化对其发展政策和策略进行合理的调整.与此同时,荷兰也已将社会住宅的规划建设作为解决社会问题,特别是克服不同收入阶层与种族间的居住空间隔离问题,促进社会融合的重要手段之一.本文将结合政策与实例分析对荷兰社会住宅发展进行具体探讨,以期对我国目前的保障性住房规划建设提供借鉴.     

英国“可负担住宅”建设的经验及借鉴意义

万科与英国文化协会举办英国可负担住宅的体验活动，延续该活动中讨论的话题，本文关注三个问题：英国可负担住宅是“补贴”住宅还是低价商品房？政府补贴是流向“砖头房子”还是流向“个人需求”？可负担住宅的建设是否应考虑可持续发展？这将有利于理解英国可负担住宅的体系，也许对中国低收入者的住宅发展有参考意义。     

社会组织:乡村规划及乡村建设的基础

随着“三农问题”的愈加凸显和对 “乡愁”情怀的愈加关注,近两年乡村规划 以及乡村建设成为了行业的热点,但追问下 来,物质空间的更新改造终究针对的是现象 而非基础。各地数量众多的传统村落,无一 不是社会组织在物质空间建造上的投影,而 当今传统村落的凋敝不仅与产业有着密切 的关系,更与乡村社会的变迁有着极为密切 的关联。只有以村庄社会组织建设为支撑基 础,村落物质空间的更新建造与之相对应, 乡村规划和乡村建设才能得以有效和持续 地开展,而非为寄托城市人“乡愁情怀”的规 划建设。     

Implicit Land Taxation and Affordable Housing Provision in England

The paper considers the proposal in England that a continuing requirement for residential developers to contribute directly to the supply of affordable housing in return for planning permission should operate alongside a new tax on land value increases due to planning permission. The paper asks whether it is right in principle for affordable housing to be supported by the implicit taxation of development. It is argued that in terms of transparency, clarity, and certainty explicit taxation is to be preferred to implicit taxation. It is thus suggested that once the new explicit tax is in place developers should no longer be routinely required to pay an additional implicit affordable housing tax. Affordable housing should, it is argued, be supported on the basis of need, not the resources available from the development process. The link between the provision of affordable housing and planning obligations should be broken.     

上海市住房保障体系建设概述

目前,上海已基本构建起廉租住房、经济适用住房、公共租赁住房、动迁安置住房＂四位一体＂的住房保障体系。廉租住房、经济适用住房分别解决城镇户籍低收入和中低收入家庭的住房困难;公共租赁住房主要解决城镇户籍青年职工、来沪务工人员和引进人才等常住人口的阶段性居住困难;动迁安置住房主要解决城市改造区域动迁居民的住房改善问题。各项基本制度和配套政策已在推行实施,并将不断优化完善。＂十二五＂规划期间,上海居民的住房困难将得到明显改善。     

The Uneven Development of 'Social Rented Housing': Explaining the Historically Marginal Position of Housing Associations in Britain

The first part of this paper is concerned with rethinking the notion of social rented housing, arguing that it is appropriate to refer to a dual social rented sector, both now and in the past, and to set municipal and non-municipal models of provision alongside the dominant consumption side models of mass and residual social housing. The idea of uneven development of social rented housing in Britain refers to the numerical dominance of local authority provision, and the insignificant quantitative contribution of housing associations and their predecessors until the last years of the 20th century. The second part of the paper poses the question of why the voluntary sector failed to thrive after 1918, and examines some historical evidence from four key periods up to the early 1960s. It is argued that the poor performance of these organisations immediately after 1918 led to them failing to overcome local authority opposition and civil service scepticism in the 1930s.     

美国与法国的社会住宅：共性与差异

美国自大萧条之后以及法国在二战之后，分别发展了补贴性的出租房居住区，然而在这之后，出租房的开发急剧变化，更多地依靠私有部门可以采用的措施。本文通过案例对比，说明如下道理在特定的环境下，解决住房问题的有效方法应基于对该问题的正确诊断，并且考虑该国的国情及其局部地区的特征。对于从中央到地方各级政府，这是创造高效、可持续以及可负担住房财政机制的最佳途径。本文将讨论美国与法国解决住房问题的不同方法。对美国案例的探讨，我们关注两个计划：运用税法作为激励措施的低收入住房返税计划，以及容许公共住房机构将资金流证券化，以此更新住房的投资基金融资计划。在同一时期，法国在私人出租房产业内实行税收补贴，除此之外，这种补贴还在公共住房领域内推行。重税措施抑制了私人投资之后，慷慨的税收激励措施使资金重返祖房市场。这些计划对于中等收入的住户而言，大多数是不可负担的。于是，这导致了最近几年内公共住宅小区的建遣需要更多来自政府的承诺。     

Sliding Scale of Support: Government Intervention in Housing

Public and social housing providers in many countries around the world are trying to solve the problem of how to construct and maintain quality affordable housing at the lowest cost to both the government and tenants. As might be expected, each country has found its own solution to these issues, leading to a sliding scale in the degree of support that different governments give to their housing providers. This study examines developments in the UK, US, Sweden and New Zealand from the perspective of a credit rating agency.     

基于社会融合视角的保障性住房研究评述及启示

保障性住房在我国推行十余年， 惠及百姓的同时渐渐暴露出各种问题。基于 社会融合是构建和谐社会的核心要求。文 章通过对相关文献的综述和分析，引入社 会融合概念，从经济、社会、文化三个维度 阐释保障住房建设过程中出现的居住空间 分异、社会隔离现象及其深层动因。进而梳 理国内外各维度策略研究及实践探索，评述 其与保障住房现实困境的互动关系，提出以 促进社会融合为目标的我国保障住房建设 发展建议。     

Planning and Affordable Housing in Australia and the UK: A Comparative Perspective

Land use planning systems in Australia and the United Kingdom (UK) share a common history. In both nations, one objective of town planning has been to improve housing conditions for the urban poor and facilitate sufficient housing supply for growing post-war populations, with UK legislation serving as a model for Australia, at least until the Town and Country Planning Act 1947. Since this time however, approaches have diverged. In the UK, housing assistance and the land use planning system have co-evolved, with planning an important tool for securing affordable housing, particularly in England. In contrast, a deep cleavage between urban planning and housing policy persists in Australia. Drawing on a series of studies undertaken separately by the authors over the past decade which concentrate on Australia and England, the paper compares urban and housing policy in both nations, and examines planning system performance in securing new affordable homes.     

英格兰保障性住房的发展及其对中国的启示

回顾二战以来英格兰保障性住房①的发展历史,总结了当前英格兰保障性住房的定位、类型、受益人群、供应机制以及空间绩效调控。结合英格兰的经验和我国的具体情况,从宏观、中观、微观三个层面对我国保障性住房发展提出启示:政府必须而且能够在保障性住房供给上发挥积极的作用;进一步完善、细化保障性住房的供应类型和监管机制;加强特大、大城市的保障性住房建设,注重空间绩效调控。     

Embedding financialization: a policy review of the English Affordable Homes Programme

Decent, affordable housing continues to be a major concern for policy-makers, providers and society at large. This paper contributes to the debate over the future of social housing in England by reviewing the Affordable Homes Programme (AHP). The AHP (2011–2015) saw the level of grant funding reduced dramatically; with the shortfall to be filled from housing associations own resources, increased rents and borrowing. To understand the implications of the AHP, this paper utilizes the concept of financialization. Financialization is a multifaceted process that seeks to explain the increased role and power of the financial markets in society. Specifically, the paper shows that the AHP leads to increased debt levels in the social housing sector, is predicated on short-termism and accumulation by dispossession. Finally, by employing financialization the paper also addresses debates about the nature of housing policy and how it can best be conceptualized.     

徐州市经济适用房建设现状分析及其发展建议

经济适用房是国家为了解决城市中低收入者住房困难,按普通住宅标准建设以成本价向中低收入家庭出售的具有社会保障性的商品房。从1998年开始,经济适用房在全国范围内出现以来,各地的经济适用房市场发展态势良好。文章以江苏省徐州市经济适用房建设情况为例,从购买对象、建设数量、住房定价等方面进行了分析,并对其建设提出了发展建议。     

Involving the Private Sector in Affordable Housing Provision: Can Australia Learn from the United Kingdom?

The focus of this article is to clarify the preconditions for the successful leverage of private investment to help both maintain and expand the affordable housing stock in Australia. To do this we examine a range of initiatives that have enabled such leverage in the UK and explore the lessons that can be drawn for Australia from this experience. The article provides an overview of UK experience since the 1980s and, from this, identifies the key factors that have both contributed to and constrained the expansion of affordable housing in the UK. It signals the key barriers and emerging challenges for the continued operation of this system of affordable housing provision in the UK and draws out the lessons, both positive and negative, that might help determine what is needed in Australia in order to fulfil the stated objective of the current Commonwealth State Housing Agreement—namely, to attract significant private investment into the provision of affordable housing. The concluding section addressing what might be done to increase the potential for leverage in the Australian situation, in the context of this policy goal.     

德国住房保障体系及其对我国的启示

快速城市化和工业化成功推动了中国城市发展,同时也导致了严重的住房供需矛盾,低收入阶层住房得不到有效保障。纵观西方国家保障性住房的发展历程,各国政府综合运用了多种政策工具对市场进行干预,形成了有效的住房保障发展模式。其中,德国的住房保障体系建设堪称典范,其发展经验受到广泛借鉴。本文对德国住房保障体系的政策演变、资金筹措和监督体系等方面进行了分析,最后结合中国住房保障体系的发展现状提出了相关建议。     

英国新空间规划体系对乡村发展的意义

2004年以来,英国实施了新的空间规划体系,对整个规划思路和框架进行了创新性的改革。这一新的规划体系摆脱了早期规划对乡村发展的制约,打破了对乡村认知简单化的观念误区,以空间为对象,给予了乡村平等的发展机遇。该体系特征可有效应对目前英国乡村发展所面临的经济、社会、环境等一系列问题,在以发展为主的普通乡村地区和以保护为主的国家公园区域都有很好的实践应用。通过了解英国新空间规划体系对乡村发展的意义,我们可从理念和操作方法两个层面反思中国现有规划体系,为快速城市化时期的城乡发展事业提供有益的借鉴。