消费者视角的网上购物感知风险影响因素

利用网上调查数据,通过独立样本T检验和Pearson相关分析,证实消费者网上购物时的感知风险与网上购物交易主体自身的特征有关.性别对于经济、功能、隐私、身体、服务、心理风险有显著影响,并且女性对于这些风险的感知显著高于男性.网络使用经历对社会和身体风险有显著影响,并呈负相关;网上购物经历对经济、功能、隐私风险有显著影响,并呈负相关;卷入程度对经济、功能、心理风险有显著影响,并呈正相关.网上消费者类型对于经济、功能、社会、时间和服务风险有显著影响,并且网上浏览者对于这些风险的感知显著高于网上购物者.     

网上购物环境中消费者相关因素对认知风险的影响

为探讨网上购物环境中消费者相关因素对认知风险的影响，通过问卷法调查了298名被试，探讨了网上购物环境中认知风险的维度构成、对总体认知风险有显著影响的消费者相关因素以及消费者相关因素对每个风险维度的作用。结果表明：网上购物环境中消费者相关因素通过7个风险维度对总体认知风险起作用，这些相关因素对每个风险维度的影响并不相同。     

消费者网上购买行为感知风险动态模型研究

感知风险对消费者购买行为的解释作用越来越重要。消费者网上购物过程中的感知风险不同于传统环境中的感知风险。本研究在探讨网上购物感知风险的含义、纬度及影响因素的基础上提出了网上购买行为感知风险的动态模型，模型中包括了影响消费者风险感知的因素、细化的消费者感知风险纬度以及可接受风险水平对消费者总体感知风险和减少风险行为的调节作用。     

商业网络团购模式下消费者信任的形成机制

目的本文旨在探讨商业网络团购模式下消费者信任的形成机制。方法采用设计的网络团购信誉调查问卷,通过对364名消费者的问卷调查,利用SAS9.1、AMOS17.0统计软件进行实证分析。结果 (1)消费者通过感知团购网站的安全性、声誉及团购网站中消费者的评价形成信任,且主要体现在信任的可信性维度上;(2)消费者也可以通过感知商家的声誉、商品(或服务)质量产生信任;(3)商家和团购网站之间存在重要关系,商家的声誉正向影响消费者对团购网站安全性及声誉的判定,商品(或服务)的质量正向影响消费者对团购网站安全性、声誉及团购网站中消费者评价等的感知。结论团购网站的安全性越高、声誉越好,网站中消费者评价越高,则越容易得到消费者的信任;同样,商家的声誉越好、所提供的商品(或服务)质量越高也越容易得到消费者的信任。     

个人投资者金融风险感知、影响因素及效应

金融领域投资者作为一个特殊的消费群体,其风险感知较一般的消费者风险感知更为复杂,因此可以特别针对金融领域个人投资者对投资产品的风险感知,以及他们在做出投资决策时风险感知的以往研究,尝试做一些归纳总结。本文创新性的提出了金融风险感知的概念,并系统的逐一介绍了其定义、维度及测量、影响因素,特别本文个体差异,以及在个体投资实践中不同金融产品风险感知的影响效应。最后本文对未来的研究方向作了简要展望。     

产品伤害危机中的消费者感知危害及其影响

以双汇瘦肉精事件为例,通过大规模市场调查获取701份祥本数据,采用验证性因子分析、结构方程建模等统计方法探讨在产品伤害事件中,对“感知危害”产生影响的因素以及其自身又如何作用于消费者行为.结果显示,产品必需程度对感知危害存在显著的负向影响,消费者信息涉入与健康意识对感知危害存在显著的正向影响,而品牌知晓度对感知危害的影响不显著.消费者感知到的危害越高,对危机企业的产品购买意愿越低,采取抱怨行为的可能性越高.     

知识员工认知偏差对离职风险感知的影响

探索了知识员工认知偏差对离职风险感知的影响。通过对324名知识员工进行了实证分析,结果表明:过度自信、控制幻想对知识员工在离职风险情景中的职业发展风险感知、绩效实现风险感知和组织支持风险感知有显著的负效应,回归系数均显著。相信小数定律仅对职业发展风险感知有显著影响,而对绩效风险感知和组织支持风险感知影响不显著;过度自信对控制幻想、相信小数定律在知识员工离职风险感知中存在部分调节效应。     

知识员工流动感知风险的结构维度

尝试探索知识员工流动感知风险的维度.在深度访谈和文献研究的基础上,形成了20个项目的知识员工流动感知风险问卷.探索性因素分析表明知识员工流动感知风险由5个因子构成,分别是:发展风险、组织支持风险、环境风险、绩效风险和社会角色风险,五个因子共解释了感知风险总变异的69.69%.信度分析表明.各因子与总分的α系数在0.822～0.937之间,分半信度在0.802～0.920之间,各因子与总分的相关高于因子间相关,都达到了统计学的显著性.同时验证性因素分析也证实了该问卷的构想效度.     

基于服务质量维度的移动快递应用设计研究

目的探索提供良好服务质量的移动快递应用设计方法。方法以服务质量维度理论为基础,结合移动快递应用功能点分析,提出新型快递服务系统下移动快递应用的服务质量维度。依据移动快递应用的服务维度,结合国内外案例,总结移动快递应用的设计要点。结论移动快递应用作为服务类应用,可从信息性、移情性、可靠性、保证性、响应性这5个维度,提高移动快递应用的信息传递效能,强化应用交互与视觉的品牌感知,同时满足用户的功能与情感需求,积极响应用户操作及问题反馈,为其提供可预知且有效的功能服务。     

产品伤害中网络与企业响应对购买意愿的影响

通过构建理论模型,采取现场实验的方法,实证分析了产品伤害危机中网络与企业响应对顾客感知风险及购买意愿的影响.回归分析表明,网络响应方式对顾客感知风险具有显著影响,正面的网络响应对于顾客感知风险的缓解要优于负面的网络响应;方差分析表明,企业响应在网络响应与顾客感知风险间具有显著的调节作用,面对正面网络响应,企业积极响应和...     

网上零售服务可靠性维度的探索性研究

在文献阅读和深度访谈的基础上,提炼出了23个网上零售服务可靠性的测量指标,然后通过问卷调查收集数据,并采用因子分析和回归分析等方法对网上零售服务可靠性的构成维度以及各维度对于总体服务可靠性水平的贡献程度进行了实证研究。研究结果表明:网上零售服务的可靠性由物流配送可靠性、信息可靠性、客户服务可靠性和网站技术可靠性4个维度构成;物流配送可靠性是最重要的维度,其后依次是客户服务可靠性、信息可靠性和网站技术可靠性。基于研究结论,有针对性地提出了当前网上零售企业服务可靠性改进的对策和建议。     

A Survey of Computational Paradigms in Undergraduate Mechanical Engineering Education

Undergraduate mechanical engineering programs in the United States were surveyed to determine the usage of structured programming languages (such as C or FORTRAN) versus the use of computational software systems (such as Matlab or Mathcad). A survey form was e‐mailed to all mechanical engineering programs. The survey form was used to determine the following: (1) programming courses required, (2) use of structured programming in mechanical engineering curricula, (3) use of computational systems in mechanical engineering curricula, (4) junior‐level analysis courses required, and (5) computer ownership requirements. Seventy‐four responses, representing a good cross section (size, research mission, and geographical location) of mechanical engineering programs were received. The survey showed that about three‐fourths required at least one course in a structured programming language but that only about one‐third of the programs requiring a formal programming course used structured programming in two or more required courses. More than three‐fourths of all programs used computational systems such as Matlab or Mathcad, and about the same number required a junior‐level analysis course. Thirteen of the seventy‐four mechanical engineering programs that responded to the survey required students to own computers.     

Determination of ϵ‐caprolactam migration from polyamide plastics: a new approach

A new gas chromatography method for determination of ?‐caprolactam (CPR) migration from packaging materials such as: polyamide (PA) films, PA granulates, PA/PE (polyethylene) laminates, PA casings, etc., to food simulants has been developed. Water, 3% w/v acetic acid, 15% and 95% v/v ethanol and olive oil have been used as a food simulants. Using the 1,4‐butanediol (BUG) as an internal standard (instead of aza‐2‐cyclononanone), calibration curves were constructed. Very good separation of CPR from BUG was achieved by using a Nukol fused silica capillary column (Supelco), 25 m × 0.32 mm. The time of analysis is shorter than 12 min: 7.69 min for BUG and 11.60 min for CPR. The regression line equation for CPR migration to water is: y = 0.080x + 0.14; to olive oil: y = 0.010x. The sensitivity of the developed method is appropriate for the quantitative determination of CPR in an analyte concentration of approximately 0.2 mg/kg, when the specific migration limit (SML) for this compound, according to Directive 90/128/EEC, is 15 mg/kg food simulant. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于风格描述的产品外形设计

设计师作为产品形态的创造者,必须能够理解造形风格的内涵及表现技巧.因此,研究基于风格描述,提出一个具有普遍可操作性的造形设计程序,系统地积累造形经验.文章探讨了风格的定义、功能、构成元素等,明晰了风格的内涵;其次提出了通过各种方法进行风格分析的产品外形设计方法.     

Illegal pedestrian crossing at signalised intersections: Incidence and relative risk

Illegal pedestrian behaviour is common and is reported as a factor in many pedestrian crashes. Since walking is being promoted for its health and environmental benefits, minimisation of its associated risks is of interest. The risk associated with illegal road crossing is unclear, and better information would assist in setting a rationale for enforcement and priorities for public education. An observation survey of pedestrian behaviour was conducted at signalised intersections in the Brisbane CBD (Queensland, Australia) on typical workdays, using behavioural categories that were identifiable in police crash reports. The survey confirmed high levels of crossing against the lights, or close enough to the lights that they should legally have been used. Measures of exposure for crossing legally, against the lights, and close to the lights were generated by weighting the observation data. Relative risk ratios were calculated for these categories using crash data from the observation sites and adjacent midblocks. Crossing against the lights and crossing close to the lights both exhibited a crash risk per crossing event approximately eight times that of legal crossing at signalised intersections. The implications of these results for enforcement and education are discussed, along with the limitations of the study.     

荔枝包装的风险识别与分析

目的解决在荔枝包装过程中风险源难于辨识及定量分析的难题。方法提出一种基于霍尔三维因素空间和模糊故障树的风险识别与定量分析方法。构建荔枝包装的安全事件、时空结构(工位)、事故致因等3个维度的因素集,通过矩阵之间的映射关系和计算分析得到风险基本事件集合。建立荔枝包装的故障树模型,并对风险基本事件进行专家问卷评价。采用梯形模糊数及左右模糊排序法将专家的评判语言转化为风险概率值。结果经计算得到荔枝包装事故发生概率(0.0409)及风险基本事件的概率重要度。结论提出了强化标准化建设,加大技术投入等防范风险事故发生的措施。     

A Flexible Caterpillar‐Like Gold Nanoparticle Assemblies with Ultrasmall Nanogaps for Enhanced Dual‐Modal Imaging and Photothermal Therapy

Gold nanoparticle (AuNP) assemblies (GNAs) have attracted attention since enhanced coupling plasmonic resonance (CPR) emerged in the nanogap between coupling AuNPs. For one dimensional GNAs (1D‐GNAs), most CPR from the nanogaps could be easily activated by electromagnetic waves and generate drastically enhanced CPR because the nanogaps between coupling AuNPs are linearly distributed in the 1D‐GNAs. The reported studies focus on the synthesis of 1D‐GNAs and fundamental exploration of CPR. There are still problems which impede further applications in nanomedicine, such as big size (>500 nm), poor water solubility, and/or poor stability. In this study, a kind of 1D flexible caterpillar‐like GNAs (CL‐GNAs) with ultrasmall nanogaps, good water solubility, and good stability is developed. The CL‐GNAs have a flexible structure that can randomly move to change their morphology, which is rarely reported. Numerous ultrasmall nanogaps (<1 nm) are linearly distributed along the structure of CL‐GNAs and generate enhanced CPR. The toxicity assessments in vitro and vivo respectively demonstrate that CL‐GNAs have a low cytotoxicity and good biocompatibility. The CL‐GNAs can be used as an efficient photothermal agent for photothermal therapy, a probe for Raman imaging and photothermal imaging.     

Industry Expectations of New Engineers: A Survey to Assist Curriculum Designers

In an era of unprecedented technological advancement, engineering practice continues to evolve but engineering education has not changed appreciably since the 1950s. This schism has prompted industry, government, and other key constituents to question the relevancy and efficacy of current programs. The Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET) Engineering Criteria 2000, which will be fully implemented in 2001, emphasizes outcomes over process, and provides an opportunity for stakeholders to help universities define educational goals and objectives and design a curriculum to meet the desired outcomes.¹ While the need for curriculum reform has been acknowledged, the “industry position” was amorphous and anecdotal and therefore difficult to address. Qualitative methodologies such as formal surveys and structured interviews can be used to capture and quantify industry expectations of the needed attributes (i.e., knowledge, skills, and experience) for entry level engineering employees. Such instruments can provide key data useful in determining objectives and designing curricula to attain those objectives. This paper presents results of a formal survey of fifteen aerospace and defense companies concerning the perceived importance of 172 attributes related to the eleven ABET Program Outcomes and Assessment categories. The survey, resulting database, and preliminary analyses are available in hard copy and electronic form. This is the first formal survey and database resulting from efforts of the Industry-University-Government Roundtable for Enhancing Engineering Education (IUGREEE) to initiate a continuing, evolving process to provide curriculum designers with important information from industry.     

Teen driver crash risk and associations with smoking and drowsy driving

Motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death for young people in the United States. The goal of this study was to identify risk factor profiles of teen and young adult drivers involved in crashes. General demographic and behavioral as well as driving-related factors were considered. Analysis of a nationally representative telephone survey of U.S. young drivers ages 14 to 22 (N = 900) conducted in 2005 was restricted to 506 licensed drivers (learners excluded). Statistically significant univariate associations between factors of interest and the primary outcome, crash involvement (ever) as a driver, were identified and included within a multivariate logistic regression model, controlling for potential demographic confounders. Aside from length of licensure, only driving alone while drowsy and being a current smoker were associated with having been in a crash. Gaining a better understanding of these behaviors could enhance the development of more customized interventions for new drivers.