碱处理对高岭土微球上原位合成 ZSM-5分子筛的影响

以碱处理的焙烧高岭土微球（CKM）为载体,采用原位合成方法成功制备了ZSM-5分子筛。考察了碱处理条件对原位合成的影响。采用XRD、FESEM、N2吸附-脱附、NH3-TPD对合成样品进行了表征。结果表明：碱处理条件对晶化产物的化学组成、形貌结构有显著影响。7.4%（质量分数）的氢氧化钠溶液在95 ℃、1.5 h条件下处理的 CKM表面合成出纯相的ZSM-5分子筛,颗粒尺寸约为0.8~1 μm,比表面积为128 m2/g,总孔容、微孔比表面积和酸量均明显增加。     

ZSM-5凝胶体系硅铝比对SAPO-34/ZSM-5复合分子筛结构性质的影响

采用微波水热包覆法制备SAPO-34/ZSM-5复合分子筛。考察了ZSM-5凝胶体系硅铝摩尔比对复合分子筛微观结构和物化性质的影响,采用XRD、SEM、BET、NH_3-TPD等手段对合成的复合分子筛微观结构、形貌、孔结构及表面酸性质等进行分析表征。结果表明,ZSM-5凝胶体系硅铝比对复合分子筛样品晶相组成影响较小,但对样品比表面积、孔结构参数及表面酸性质影响较大。硅铝比为150时,SAPO-34/ZSM-5复合分子筛具有包裹状特殊晶体结构及多级孔(微孔孔容0.21 cm~3/g、介孔孔容0.09 cm~3/g)和弱酸中心(0.209 mmol/g)独特物化性质。     

ZSM-5分子筛的合成及汽蒸温度对其孔结构和酸性的影响

以粗孔硅胶与偏铝酸钠为原料,采用常规水热晶化法合成出ZSM-5分子筛,对其在不同温度下进行汽蒸处理。采用XRD、NH_3-TPD、N_2物理吸附等方法对其结构和酸性进行了表征,结果表明,汽蒸处理未改变分子筛的晶相,使ZSM-5分子筛酸中心数量减少,酸强度减弱,介孔比表面积和介孔孔容增大,孔分布改变。     

ZSM-5凝胶体系硅铝比对SAPO-34/ZSM-5复合分子筛结构性质的影响

采用微波水热包覆法制备SAPO-34/ZSM-5复合分子筛。考察了ZSM-5凝胶体系硅铝摩尔比对复合分子筛微观结构和物化性质的影响,采用XRD、SEM、BET、NH_3-TPD等手段对合成的复合分子筛微观结构、形貌、孔结构及表面酸性质等进行分析表征。结果表明,ZSM-5凝胶体系硅铝比对复合分子筛样品晶相组成影响较小,但对样品比表面积、孔结构参数及表面酸性质影响较大。硅铝比为150时,SAPO-34/ZSM-5复合分子筛具有包裹状特殊晶体结构及多级孔(微孔孔容0.21 cm³/g、介孔孔容0.09 cm3/g、介孔孔容0.09 cm³/g)和弱酸中心(0.209 mmol/g)独特物化性质。     

体系pH值对微波辅助水热合成ZSM-5分子筛结构性质的影响

采用微波辅助水热合成法制备了ZSM-5分子筛,借助XRD、SEM、BET、NH3-TPD等表征手段,考察了体系pH值对ZSM-5分子筛结构性质的影响。结果表明,体系pH值对ZSM-5分子筛的微观形貌、比表面积、孔径分布和表面酸强度有较大影响。pH值为11时,制得的ZSM-5分子筛样品的纯度较高,微观形貌为六棱柱状,晶粒分散较好,晶粒尺寸较小且均匀(200nm左右),具有较大的比表面积(313 m~2·g~(-1))和较小的平均孔径(2.39 nm),表面化学性质以弱酸为主。     

碱对硅藻土水热合成ZSM-5分子筛的影响

以硅藻土为原料,以氢氧化钠或氨水为碱源,分别水热合成出具有较高相对结晶度的钠型ZSM-5分子筛和氢型ZSM-5分子筛。采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、吡啶吸附红外光谱(Py-IR)和N2-吸附脱附等手段,对所合成的样品进行了表征。结果表明,合成的Na ZSM-5分子筛和HZSM-5分子筛均具有较高的结晶度,但有不同的酸性、孔结构、形貌和粒径,粒径分别约为500 nm或7μm。相比硅藻土,晶化产物的比表面积、微孔表面积和微孔孔容均明显增大。用Na OH合成样品的比表面积、孔容大于用NH3?H2O合成的样品。采用氨水合成的ZSM-5分子筛经焙烧后可直接转化成氢型分子筛。     

超重力技术制备多级孔ZSM-5分子筛

尝试采用加盐晶种法,以撞击流-旋转填料床为反应器,制备出多级孔ZSM-5分子筛,考察了转速、硅胶流量、含晶种的铝源混合物流量和循环时间对产物的粒度分布及介孔结构的影响,并针对晶化时间、晶粒形貌、结构性能三方面与传统水热合成法进行对比。采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)以及N2吸附脱附对产物的形貌及结构性能进行表征。研究结果表明,超重力技术制备多级孔ZSM-5分子筛的最佳工艺条件为:转速1200r/min,硅胶流量30m L/min,含晶种的铝源混合液流量20L/h;应用超重力技术相比于传统水热合成法制备出的多级孔ZSM-5分子筛拥有更多的介孔数量,形貌较好无杂相,粒度分布更均一,且所需晶化时间显著降低;微观混合效率对多级孔ZSM-5分子筛的形成有一定影响。本文为改善多级孔ZSM-5分子筛的工业化生产提供了一条新思路。     

ZSM-5/ZSM-22复合催化剂共混比例对MTG反应的影响

以HZSM-5(MFI)和HZSM-22(TON)为原料共混制备了ZSM-5/ZSM-22复合催化剂,研究了共混比例对复合催化剂结构性质和催化MTG反应的影响。采用XRD、FTIR、BET和NH3-TPD等手段对不同共混比例制得ZSM-5/ZSM-22复合催化剂的晶相组成、骨架结构、孔结构及表面酸性质进行了分析表征。结果表明,不同共混比例对ZSM-5/ZSM-22复合催化剂物化性质和MTG反应影响较大。两相共混比例为1∶2时,催化剂极易失活,汽油收率低(25.98%);随HZSM-5分子筛含量增大,汽油收率和芳烃选择性随之增大。比例增至2∶1时,ZSM-5/ZSM-22复合催化剂具有相对较大比表面积(227 cm²/g),中强酸量和总酸量达0.010 2 mmol/g和0.056 9 mmol/g;在常压、反应温度380℃,氮气流速10 m L/min、进料空速为2 h2/g),中强酸量和总酸量达0.010 2 mmol/g和0.056 9 mmol/g;在常压、反应温度380℃,氮气流速10 m L/min、进料空速为2 h^(-1)反应条件下,ZSM-5/ZSM-22复合催化剂表现出较好的抑制芳烃生成性能,甲醇转化率和汽油收率分别为96.31%和41%时芳烃选择性仅为39.98%。     

微撞击流制备多级孔ZSM-5分子筛及催化应用

通过微撞击流反应器(MISR)结合加盐晶种法制备多级孔ZSM-5分子筛,探索硅胶流量、含晶种的铝源混合液流量、循环时间以及晶化时间对多级孔ZSM-5分子筛粒径大小和孔径结构的影响规律。并与传统方法合成的多级孔ZSM-5分子筛作为催化剂应用于甲苯与氯化苄烷基化反应中,从催化活性、选择性以及反应温度3方面进行对比。结果表明,利用微撞击流强化混合过程制备多级孔ZSM-5分子筛的最佳操作条件为:硅胶流量为40 m L/min,含晶种的铝源混合液流量为20 L/h,循环时间为5 min,晶化时间为6 h。在甲苯与氯化苄烷基化反应中对比发现,氯化苄的转化率都随着温度的增大而增大,但微撞击流反应器合成的多级孔ZSM-5分子筛的催化活性、选择性优于使用磁力搅拌器合成的多级孔ZSM-5分子筛。     

ZSM-5分子筛母液回用及晶貌对其催化裂解性能的影响

以水玻璃和ZSM-5母液制备的硅胶为硅源、ZSM-5分子筛为晶种,采用水热合成法制备了ZSM-5分子筛。研究了ZSM-5母液制备硅胶的影响因素以及硅胶加入量、Na₂O/SiO₂摩尔比、H₂O/SiO₂摩尔比和晶化温度对ZSM-5分子筛的合成及晶貌的影响。结果表明,利用ZSM-5母液制备的硅胶可以制备出结晶度>95%、比表面积>350 cm²/g、均一、单分布、粒径在1～2μm之间的ZSM-5分子筛;随着投料碱度的降低或水量的增加,ZSM-5分子筛的晶貌由单晶向孪晶变化;随着晶化温度的升高,晶化时间缩短,晶貌由孪晶向单晶变化,ZSM-5分子筛倾向于团聚生长。利用ZSM-5分子筛制备的丙烯助剂使用性能优异,HZ-14的液化气产率、丙烯产率和液化气中丙烯质量分数分别为24.89%、8.66%和34.8%,说明均一、单分散、晶型为孪晶的ZSM-5分子筛使用性能更加优异。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。