纳米聚硅氯化铝复合絮凝剂的制备、表征与应用研究

通过溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米聚硅氯化铝复合絮凝剂,运用傅立叶红外光谱、X-Ray粉末衍射、扫描电镜、透射电镜等对制得的产品进行了表征,研究了纳米聚硅氯化铝复合絮凝剂的分子结构与形态。结果表明,复合过程不是简单的物理混合,部分铝离子及水解络合铝离子可与共存的聚硅酸通过羟基结合,发生络合反应生成铝硅聚合物。为了检测样品的絮凝性能,采用镇江段长江水作为絮凝水样,选用传统的絮凝剂聚氯化铝和聚硅酸作对比实验。结果表明,在最佳絮凝条件下,纳米聚硅氯化铝的CODCr去除率和浊度去除率可分别达到83.6%和93.5%,比聚氯化铝和聚硅酸絮凝剂具有更好的絮凝性能。     

聚丙烯酰胺-聚硅酸锌复合絮凝剂的制备和絮凝性能

利用物理复合的方法制备聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）-聚硅酸锌（PSZ）复合絮凝剂。结果表明,聚丙烯酰胺-聚硅酸锌絮凝剂在复配比例为V （PAM）： V （PSZ）=1.0、投加量为0.10 mL、模拟水样pH为8左右时,对高岭土模拟废水絮凝效果最好,脱色率达91.2%,均高于聚丙烯酰胺和聚硅酸锌单独使用的效果（最高脱色率分别达87.66%和89.78%）;而且,在中性和碱性范围内,这种复合絮凝剂受pH影响较小。三种絮凝剂应用于四种工业废水的脱色处理结果表明,聚丙烯酰胺-聚硅酸锌复合絮凝剂的脱色率也均比单一絮凝剂要高。     

絮凝法处理餐饮废水

研究了碱式氯化铝、硫酸铁、氯化铝、硫酸亚铁、硫酸铝钾5种单一絮凝剂以及硫酸铝钾+聚丙烯酰胺复合絮凝剂对餐饮废水的絮凝处理效果。结果表明,硫酸铝钾与聚丙烯酰胺复合使用优于单一絮凝剂的絮凝效果,使用复合絮凝剂可使CODCr、浊度去除率达到83.3%、76.9%,且投药量、投药方式、pH值对处理效果都有很大影响。     

聚硅酸铝铁絮凝剂处理云南滇池污染水的应用研究

以黄磷炉渣为硅源,采用硝酸浸出黄磷炉渣,通过复合接枝Al3+、Fe3+金属阳离子制备了聚硅酸铝铁絮凝剂,该絮凝剂是一种兼有聚硅酸、聚铝和聚铁絮凝剂综合性能的新型无机高分子吸附剂。对影响其絮凝效果的絮凝剂投入量、滇池污染水pH、沉降温度、沉降时间进行研究,找出了对云南滇池水具有最佳混凝效果的絮凝条件。结果表明,絮凝剂投入量6mg/L、滇池污染水pH为5、沉降温度室温(22℃左右)、沉降时间50min时,对滇池水絮凝效果较好,浊度和COD去除率分别达98.52%和87.05%。     

聚硅酸锌絮凝剂处理制革工业废水的研究

本文研究了聚硅酸锌絮凝剂处理制革工业废水的效果。试验表明,聚硅酸锌絮凝剂对废水ＣＯＤＣｒ的去除率达８０％,浊度的去除率达９８％以上,总Ｃｒ和Ｓ＾２－的去除经达９０％以上。比较结果还表明聚硅酸锌絮凝剂的絮凝效果优于聚合硫酸铁。     

聚硅酸/聚丙烯酰胺复合絮凝剂的研究

以硅酸钠为前驱体,制备得到硅溶胶,然后采用原位聚合法一步合成了聚硅酸/聚丙烯酰胺复合絮凝剂,通过红外光谱对合成产物的结构进行了表征。采用透光率、化学需氧量去除率对絮凝剂的絮凝效果进行了表征,并探讨了聚硅酸pH值、老化时间、聚合反应温度和时间等合成条件对絮凝效果的影响。结果表明,当硅酸钠浓度为0.5 mol/L、聚硅酸pH=5、老化时间为24 h、丙烯酰胺为5 g、引发剂用量为0.3 g,聚合反应温度为70 ℃、时间为90 min时,得到的聚硅酸/聚丙烯酰胺絮凝剂的絮凝效果最佳。     

羧甲基壳聚糖复合絮凝剂对电镀废水中六价铬的絮凝效果

以FeCl3和Na2SiO3为原料制得聚硅酸氯化铁(PFSC),再与羧甲基壳聚糖(CMC)复合,获得低成本、高絮凝能力的新型无机–有机复合胶体,并将其用作絮凝剂,探讨了其投加量以及温度、pH、絮凝时间等工艺条件对电镀废水中六价铬去除率的影响。结果表明:室温下加入600mL/L复合胶体絮凝1h时,Cr(VI)去除率达到99.75%以上。与单一絮凝剂相比,该复合絮凝剂投加量少,絮凝时间短,pH范围广。     

聚硅酸铝铁絮凝剂对铬黑T废水的脱色处理

本文研究了聚硅酸铝铁絮凝剂的制备及应用性能,确定了制备和絮凝处理的最佳条件,该絮凝剂用于铬黑T废水处理,脱色率达到97%以上,絮凝效果明显优于聚硅酸铝和聚硅酸铁,是一种性能更优的无机高分子复合絮凝剂。     

新型聚硅酸铝锌-淀粉复合絮凝剂的制备及其表征

以聚硅酸(PSi)、硫酸铝、硫酸锌、食用淀粉(St)为主要原料制备一种新型有机-无机复合絮凝剂--聚硅酸铝锌-淀粉(PSiAZ-St).采用红外光谱、扫描电镜和X-射线衍射分析手段对絮凝剂产品的结构特征进行了表征.研究结果证明:淀粉与聚硅酸金属盐复合成功,并增强了聚硅酸金属盐的性能,表现出更好的絮凝效果.对制备条件的优化结果表明:当(Al+Zn)/Si的摩尔比为1,Al/Zn的摩尔比为1:9,St/Si的质量比为1,pH值为1.5时,絮凝效果优良.制备的PSiAZ-St絮凝剂用于处理松花江原水时,色度、浑浊度去除率均可达98%以上.     

聚硅酸铝铁的制备及絮凝性能研究

采用黄磷炉渣为原料制备了无机高分子聚硅酸铝铁絮凝剂,研究了(Al+Fe)/Si摩尔比、Al/Fe摩尔比、聚合温度以及聚合时间对该絮凝剂絮凝效果的影响。试验结果表明,在(Al+Fe)/Si摩尔比为1∶1、Al/Fe摩尔比为1.5∶1、聚合温度为55℃、聚合时间为80min时,制备的聚硅酸铝铁絮凝剂对滇池水的处理效果较好,浊度和COD去除率分别达98.93%和85.50%。在处理污水时,聚硅酸铝铁絮凝剂可兼具聚硅酸、聚铝和聚铁絮凝剂的优点,絮凝效果较好。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.