化学氧化法对焦化废水中氰化物深度处理的效果

该研究考察了焦化废水的生化出水中运用臭氧和氯碱氧化法对总氰的去除效果,并对影响处理效果的主要因素进行了讨论.试验结果表明:臭氧法对焦化废水中氰化物的去除效果较差,不能使处理后废水中氰化物的浓度达标排放;造成该现象的主要原因是焦化废水中总氰多为铁氰化物,其性质较为稳定,难以被臭氧快速氧化.氯碱氧化法可以有效的去除焦化废水...     

Shell煤气化废水处理及回用

Shell煤气化工艺过程产生的废水具有高SS、高CODCr以及污染物成分复杂的特点,其中主要的污染物有氰化物、NH3-N、硫化物以及苯酚等。通过预处理(曝气-絮凝沉降)、深度氧化以及双膜处理的工艺对Shell煤气化废水进行处理,考察了各工艺段的最佳运行条件。试验结果表明,在最优运行条件下,该处理工艺出水达到GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》的要求,同时通过阻垢及缓蚀试验结果确定,工艺出水达到GB 50050—2007《工业循环冷却水处理设计规范》中工业循环水用水标准的要求,可以回用至循环冷却水系统。     

SheII 煤气化废水处理及回用

Shell 煤气化工艺过程产生的废水具有高 SS、高 CODCr 以及污染物成分复杂的特点，其中主要的污染物有氰化物、 NH3-N、硫化物以及苯酚等。通过预处理（曝气-絮凝沉降)、深度氧化以及双膜处理的工艺对 Shell 煤气化废水进行处理，考察了各工艺段的最佳运行条件。试验结果表明，在最优运行条件下，该处理工艺出水达到GB 8978-1996《污水综合排放标准》的要求，同时通过阻垢及缓蚀试验结果确定，工艺出水达到 GB 50050-2007《工业循环冷却水处理设计规范》中工业循环水用水标准的要求，可以回用至循环冷却水系统。     

生物法降解氰化物的研究进展

金属涂饰和采矿等工业生产中广泛使用氰化物,产生的大量含氰废水对人类以及动植物形成严重威胁。工业上通常采用化学法处理含氰废水。某些微生物也可以氰化物作为氮源和碳源,将其降解为氨和碳酸盐等低毒性化合物。从经济角度来看,生物法比化学法成本低且效率高。综述了生物法降解氰化物的机理和研究进展。     

臭氧氧化处理氰化废水的实验研究

采用臭氧氧化法处理金矿含氰废水,对臭氧投加量、pH值,催化剂等对除氰效果的影响进行了实验研究,研究结果表明,臭氧能够有效地去除金矿废水中的氰化物,臭氧投加量、pH值、Cu^2 对处理效果有一定影响。     

煤气化废水厌氧处理技术研究进展

煤气化过程中粗煤气洗涤、冷却及净化过程会产生大量的煤气化废水(CGW),其特点是含有高浓度的酚类化合物、难降解有机物和有毒污染物,这些污染物的产生与气化炉构造、运行条件、煤种等密切相关。针对煤气化废水排放量大、处理难度大、污染物浓度高、运行成本高、含有多种难降解有机物和高浓度酚类等特点,阐述了UASB工艺、ESGB工艺,厌氧复合工艺及部分厌氧强化工艺处理煤气化废水的效能,分析了各种工艺处理煤气化废水的原理,最后提出了煤气化废水厌氧处理工艺选择的建议。     

焦化废水中氰化物的处理技术研究进展

焦化废水是一种典型的难降解有毒废水,是一种世界公认难处理的工业废水。尤其是焦化废水中的氰化物,具有含量高、毒性大的特点,随意排放会污染水源和农田,造成鱼类的死亡和农作物的减产。因此如何高效价廉地去除焦化废水中的氰化物成为一个值得研究的问题。本文概述了国内外各种去除焦化废水中氰化物的处理方法和应用,主要分为生物法和物理化学法两大类。生物法利用微生物对废水中的污染物进行降解,但是单独使用生物法无法达到排放标准,所以要结合其他方法进行联合处理;简述了碱性氯化法、氰化铁沉淀法、Fenton工艺、活性炭吸附法、臭氧法、离子交换法、二氧化硫与空气法、膜生物反应器（MBR）和膜处理法等物理化学方法各自的优缺点,并提出了今后的发展方向;以期达到高效低耗处理焦化废水中氰化物的目的。     

焦化废水深度处理研究现状

焦化废水主要是焦化厂在煤气化、液化、炼焦过程中所产生的废水,此种废水中含有大量的有毒、难降解的有机物是一种较难处理的有机废水。目前主要采用以下方法对焦化废水进行处理:首先利用常规方法对废水进行预处理、然后利用生化方法对预处理废水进行二次处理。但是,经过上述过程处理后的焦化废水外排水中的氰化物、COD及氨氮含量仍然无法达标。针对焦化废水组成复杂、难于处理、经传统方法处理后无法达标排放这种状况,综合了近几年来国内外有关焦化废水处理方面的大量的研究成果,系统地介绍了焦化废水深度处理过程中所应用的物化方法、氧化方法、膜处理三大类方法的优缺点,列举了当前几种焦化废水回用实例及不足,并指出了焦化废水处理技术今后的发展方向。     

高浓度煤气化废水处理技术研究进展

煤气化废水是煤气化过程中产生的废水,具有污染物浓度高、有毒、难降解等水质特点。从高浓度煤气化废水处理工艺的物化预处理、生化处理和深度处理三个环节介绍了煤气化废水处理技术的研究现状,并着重分析各处理技术的优缺点和在应用中存在的问题。展望了煤气化废水处理技术的未来研究方向,即脱酚和蒸氨工艺的优化、膜生物反应器强化工艺及膜技术深度处理的进一步研究,为解决煤气化废水治理难题提供借鉴和参考。     

煤气化过程中含氰废水的处理

采用二步氯化氧化法对煤气化过程中产生的含氰废水进行处理,控制反应温度在30℃以下,反应时间30~40min,通氯量是理论通氯量1.1~1.2倍,分步骤控制溶液pH值,可以使煤气化废水中总氰浓度小于0.5mg/L,达标排放。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。