两种进口HBV/HCV/HIV核酸筛查试剂的质量评价

目的对Gen-Probe公司的Procleix Ultrio(Ultrio)和Roche公司的Cobas TaqScreen MPX(MPX)HBV/HCV/HIV核酸筛查试剂的质量进行初步评价。方法从我国不同地区收集60份HIV-1感染者样品(包括59份HIV抗体阳性样品和1份HIV抗体阴性的HIV-1感染窗口期样品)及540份HIV抗体阴性样品,将60份HIV-1感染者样品随机分布于540份HIV阴性样品中,按照合并检测模式对600份样品进行检测,并对每种试剂的检测结果为阳性的样品汇集池(pool)分别按其说明书进一步进行拆分和/或鉴别试验。结果 MPX试剂和Ultrio试剂的单一人份样品检测(Individual donor test,IDT)结果一致的样品共586份,二者的符合率为97.67%,MPX试剂共有12份样品检测结果为假阳性,Ultrio试剂共有6份样品检测结果为假阳性,4份样品MPX试剂检测为阳性,而Ultrio试剂检测为阴性,其核酸含量较低(1份样品HIV-1RNA<40cp/ml,3份样品HBV DNA<12cp/ml),由于无法完成跟踪随访,因此不能确定其最终感染状态。结论 MPX试剂和Ultrio试剂检测结果具有较高的一致性,但对于HBV DNA、HCVRNA和HIV-1RNA含量较低的样品,二者检测结果可能存在一定的差异。     

2种不同方法检测HIV抗体结果比较

目的 研究使用不同检测方法对HIV抗体进行初筛检测,结果有无显著性差异。方法 通过使用酶联免疫法和化学发光法对2794份相同的艾滋病高危人群人员的血清样品进行HIV抗体初筛检测,对2种检测方法的检测结果进行比较。结果 酶联免疫法检测结果为阳性47份,阴性2747份,阳性率为1.682%,化学发光法检测结果为阳性55份,阴性2739份,阳性率为1.968%,酶联免疫法检测结果阳性而化学发光法检测结果阴性的样品有11份,酶联免疫法检测结果阴性而化学发光法检测结果阳性的样品有19份,经配对χ2检验,酶联免疫法和化学发光法初筛检测HIV抗体的阳性率无显著性差异。酶联免疫法和化学发光法2种检测方法初筛检测结果共同阳性有36份,共同阴性有2728份,总符合率为98.93%。结论 提示初筛检测HIV抗体时,酶联免疫法和化学发光法可互相参考,也可互相替代。     

结核分枝杆菌杂交信号放大检测方法的建立

目的建立结核分枝杆菌杂交信号放大检测方法。方法构建纳米颗粒信号放大载体,建立杂交信号放大方法,检测标本中结核分枝杆菌特异性的插入序列IS6110。应用该方法检测124份临床结核患者标本,并与细菌培养和生化鉴定法的检测结果进行比较,确定该方法的灵敏度和特异性。结果杂交信号放大方法检测临床标本的灵敏度为87.7%,特异性为92.2%,假阳性率为7.8%,假阴性率为12.3%。结论已建立具有较高灵敏度和特异性的杂交信号放大检测方法,该方法操作简便、快速,可作为结核分枝杆菌临床标本的检测方法。     

磁凝集法梅毒检测试剂检测梅毒螺旋体

目的应用磁凝集法梅毒检测试剂检测梅毒特异性抗体和反应素。方法应用磁凝集法梅毒检测试剂(Tre-ponema pallidum magnetic particle agglutination,TPMPA)检测梅毒阳性血清,分析梅毒阳性血清符合率、梅毒血清抗体滴度、假阳性检出率及交叉反应。结果用TPMPA-A、TPMPA-B试剂检测26份梅毒阳性血清样品,结果均为阳性,与省血液中心和省疾控中心的检测结果的符合率为100%;应用TPMPA-B试剂检测梅毒抗体滴度结果均较用梅毒甲苯胺红不加热血清试验诊断试剂(TRUST)检测结果高2个滴度;用TPMPA-A、TPMPA-B试剂检测正常血清,结果均为阴性,与省血液中心检测结果相符;用TPMPA-A、TPMPA-B试剂检测5份风湿病患者血清和13份慢性肝病患者血清,均未出现交叉反应。结论磁凝集法梅毒检测试剂具有良好的特异性和敏感性,操作简便、省时,可初步用于检测梅毒特异性抗体和反应素。     

红外光谱法快速检测电线包裹材料聚氯乙烯中的邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂的研究方法

红外光谱法(FTIR)是一种根据样品红外特征法检测样品含量的一种非破坏性方法,采用红外光谱法(FTIR)以及使用衰减全反射(ATR)检测技术对电线包裹材料聚氯乙烯(PVC)中的邻苯二甲酸酯的含量进行快速测定。本文通过制备系列试验标样,根据其红外光谱图建立偏最小二乘(PLS)化学计量模型,采用该模型对未知试验样品进行测试。经过试验,结果表明:红外光谱法快速检测电线包裹材料聚氯乙烯中的邻苯二甲酸酯的线性关系良好,相关系数 0. 999,检测结果快速,方法定量限低至1%。     

丙型肝炎抗体确证试剂检测结果的分析

目的分析丙型肝炎抗体确证试剂的检测结果。方法用两种国外抗HCV确证试剂(RIBA和MP)分别对89份抗HCVEIA试剂(Ortho)检测为高值阴性或弱阳性样品进行检测,按试剂说明判定结果。并对两种确证试剂对4种丙肝分片段抗体的检出率进行比较。结果两种确证试剂RIBA和MP与Ortho试剂的总符合率分别为43.8%和47.2%,均出现了较多的不确定样品。两种试剂对丙肝NS3抗体和NS5抗体的检出率基本一致,MP试剂对丙肝核心抗体和NS4抗体的检出率显著高于RIBA试剂。结论对于不确定样品,最好结合临床症状及病人追踪检测进一步确诊。     

人类免疫缺陷病毒抗体快速检测试剂的临床评价

目的评价人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)抗体快速检测试剂检测全血、血清或血浆样品中HIV抗体的敏感性及特异性。方法从不同地区及不同人群中收集全血样品493份,并分离血清,用考核试剂分别检测同一人的全血及血清样品;同时从不同地区及不同人群中收集HIV抗体阳性和阴性血清/血浆样品共1175份,用考核试剂和参比试剂同时检测。结果考核试剂检测493份全血和血清样品的结果一致,HIV抗体阳性为99份;与参比试剂相比,考核试剂检测血清/血浆样品的敏感性为100%,特异性为99.92%。结论该考核试剂与参比试剂的质量相当。     

3种支原体检测方法的比较

目的比较PCR法、酶法和DNA荧光染色法3种支原体检测方法的灵敏度。方法支原体阳性的BSR细胞培养上清10倍系列稀释后(10-1~10-8),接种至支原体阴性的Vero细胞上,盲传培养5代,每代每个稀释度的样品分别采用PCR法、酶法和DNA荧光染色法检测支原体,并以支原体阴性的Vero细胞作为阴性对照。结果 10倍系列稀释的阳性样品盲传1代,PCR法能检测到10-4,酶法和DNA荧光染色法能检测到10-3;盲传2代,3种方法均能检测到10-4;盲传3代后,3种方法均能检测到10-5,且检测的支原体滴度不随盲传代次的增加而增加。结论待检样本盲传3代后的支原体用3种方法均可检出,检测灵敏度一致。PCR法与酶法检测支原体准确、快速、简便易行,可作为DNA荧光染色法(支原体检测的金标准)的补充手段。     

尿镜检管型与尿沉渣分析仪检测的临床分析

目的探讨尿沉渣分析仪和尿镜检管型的准确性及其影响因素。方法先用UF-50尿沉渣分析仪自动进样模式检测晨尿标本,后再将标本离心取沉渣于Olympus显微镜下镜检。将两种方法检测的结果作比较。结果两者检测的结果不符的有56例,占11.2%。其中UF-50尿沉渣分析仪检测管型的假阳性率为10.6%,假阴性率为0.6%。结论UF-50尿沉渣分析仪对尿中管型的检测存在较高的假阳性率,对UF-50尿沉渣分析仪检测管型阳性的标本仍需用显微镜进行复检。     

休哈特控制图在总大肠菌群检测中的应用

针对滤膜法和酶底物法检测总大肠菌群的过程,休哈特控制图可以用来监测其是否受控。判定受控后,选取太原市60个二次供水实际样品,分别采用滤膜法和酶底物法对其中的总大肠菌群进行测定。结果显示,两种检测方法均测得2个阳性样品,总大肠菌群阳性率为3.3%。对阳性结果中的大肠菌群进行了初步鉴定,分别为肠杆菌科克雷伯菌属的新加坡克雷伯氏菌(Klebsiella singaporensis)和勒克菌属的非脱羧勒克菌(Leclercia adecarboxylata),无假阳性。     

利用EROD生物测试法快速筛选焚烧废气中二恶英类化合物

二恶英类化合物的检测是垃圾焚烧废气检测中的重要项目,以HRGC-HRMS高分辨气质法为主的仪器分析方法的通量低且检测成本高,不利于对大量样品进行快速的检测。本文结合一套新型样品前处理柱,开发了EROD生物测试法用于垃圾焚烧炉烟道废气样品中二恶英类化合物的检测,该方法具有通量大、检测成本低等优点。在检测过程中,同时比对了EROD生物测试法和HRGC-HRMS法两种方法,发现两者具有强相关性(R2=0.95)。这一结果表明,结合新型前处理柱的EROD生物测试法能够得到与高分辨气质仪器分析方法具有相近TEQ值的检测结果,适合于垃圾焚烧废气样品中的二恶英类化合物的快速筛查检测。     

梅毒三种检测方法的比较

目的比较TP-ELISA、TP-PA、TRUST三种梅毒检测方法,选择一种适合大批量标本的梅毒筛查方法。方法以TP-ELISA法检测门诊患者标本7468例,TP-ELISA阳性者以TP-PA确认,并检测TRUST。结果共检出TP-ELISA阳性116例,检出率为1.55%。其中TP-ELISA阳性、TP-PA阳性133例,符合率97.4%;TP-ELISA阳性、TP-PA阴性3例,TP-ELISA假阳性率为2.6%。113例TP-PA阳性标本中检出TRUST阳性62例,检出率54.9%(62/113);其余51例TRUST阴性,未检出率45.1%(51/113)。结论TP-ELISA是梅毒筛查的理想方法。     

Development of a bioassay to test phloem sap samples from lettuce for resistance toNasonovia ribisnigri (homoptera,aphididae)

TheNr-gene-based resistance of lettuce to the aphidNasonovia ribisnigri (Mosley) has previously been shown to be located in the phloem. Since chemical analyses of the phloem sap had shown no differences between resistant and susceptible lines, a bioassay was developed in order to test samples from resistant and susceptible plants on aphid feeding. For this, whole-plant extracts, honeydew, and EDTA-collected phloem extracts were obtained, and a sensitive bioassay was developed using EDTA samples. The EDTA was removed, and samples were added to a simple sucrose solution or to a complex artificial diet and presented in a choice situation comparing extracts from resistant and susceptible plants. EDTA-collected phloem sap samples from susceptible plants were preferred to those from resistant plants. The resistance is probably based on a feeding deterrent activity of the phloem sap in the resistant plant.     

快速检测农药残留技术的应用现状

主要综述了目前广泛应用的农药残留检测技术酶抑制检测法、酶联免疫检测法、活体生物测定法、生物传感器法等快速测定方法的原理、优缺点。     

A fluorometric rapid screen method for aflatoxin in peanuts

Peanuts were screened for aflatoxin using a rapid, inexpensive fluorometric method. Peanuts were ground and extracted with methanol, and the extract was treated with acidified zinc-acetate-sodium chloride solution, filtered, and diluted with water. Fluorescence of the extracts was compared with that from aflatoxin-free control peanuts. Test samples (160) of several varieties and grades of sources and were screened for the presence of aflatoxin. One hundred thirty-five samples (84%) were identified by this method as aflatoxin positive (15 ppb+) or aflatoxin negative (<15 ppb). Although 22 samples (13.6%) were incorrectly labeled as aflatoxin positive, most of these showed evidence of the presence of mold metabolites other than aflatoxin. Three samples (1.8%) were incorrectly labeled as aflatoxin negative when they actually contained 20, 33, and 34 ppb aflatoxin.     

Natural products phytotoxicity A bioassay suitable for small quantities of slightly water-soluble compounds

A large variety of secondary metabolites that can inhibit germination and/or seedling growth are produced by plants in low quantities. The objective of this study was to develop a bioassay capable of reliably assessing reductions in germination percentage and seedling length of small-seeded plant species caused by exposure to minute quantities of these compounds. The germination and growth of alfalfa (Medicago saliva), annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), and velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) were evaluated against six known phytotoxins from five chemical classes; cinmethylin (a herbicidal cineole derivative) was selected as a comparison standard. Each phytotoxin, dissolved in a suitable organic solvent, was placed on water-agar in small tissue culture wells. After the solvent evaporated, imbibed seeds were placed on the agar; after three days, germination percentages and seedling lengths were measured. Compared to a commonly used filter paper procedure, this modified agar bioassay required smaller quantities of compound per seed for comparable bioassay results. This bioassay also readily permitted the measurement of seedling length, a more sensitive indicator of phytotoxicity than germination. Seedling length decreased sigmoidally as the toxin concentration increased logarithmically. Phytotoxicity was a function of both compound and plant species. Cinmethylin, a grass herbicide, reduced the length of annual ryegrass seedlings by 90–100%, whereas that of alfalfa and velvetleaf was inhibited slightly. The agar bioassay facilitated the rapid and reliable testing of slightly water-soluble compounds, requiring only minute quantities of each compound to give reproducible results.The mention of firm names or trade products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the U.S. Department of Agriculture over other firms or similar products not mentioned.