需求方管理技术在电力用户的应用

需求方管理技术是当前国际上推行的一种先进的管理技术,能够在资源合理开发有效利用方面发挥更大的作用,能有力地促进经济、能源和环境的协调发展。它适应市场经济运行机制,遵循法制原则,讲求成本效益,主张活化市场,鼓励资源竞争,提倡经济、优质、高效的能源服务。 一、     

电力需求侧管理在淮北矿区可持续发展中的作用

本文就电力需求侧管理的概念、推行意义、在国内外的发展应用简况,以及在淮北矿区中的作用和保持可持续发展的关系作了介绍。     

计及配电网信息系统可靠性的分布式光伏优化配置方法

由于高渗透性配电信息网的故障会对主动配电网的规划与运行产生影响,因此文章提出了一种计及配电网信息系统可靠性的分布式光伏优化配置方法。首先,在配电网运行状况对信息系统依赖程度逐步加深的情况下,分析以以太网无源光网络(EPON)为代表的配电信息网的可靠性,研究信息正常和故障两种状态下配电网模型模拟结果的准确性;然后,以配电系统的运行成本和信息系统故障影响下的分布式光伏离网率均达到最小值为双优化目标,以分布式光伏接入容量、信息作用周期为优化变量,提出了基于配电信息可靠性的配电网光伏选址定容规划方法,并利用蒙特卡洛抽样模拟信息失效模型和非支配排序的多目标遗传算法进行求解;最后,根据算例的结果验证了上述模型模拟结果的准确性,并分析了信息可靠性对光伏选址定容规划方案的影响。     

Energy balance analysis of a stand-alone photovoltaic system, including variable system reliability impact

Official statistics estimate that almost two billion people have no direct access to electrical networks, 500,000 of them living in European Union and more than one tenth of them in Greece. An autonomous photovoltaic system is one of the most interesting and environmental friendly technological solutions for the electrification of remote consumers or entire rural areas. The primary objective of this current study is to determine the optimum dimensions of an appropriate stand-alone photovoltaic system, able to guarantee the coverage of remote consumers energy demand located in typical Greek territories using long-term measurements, under the restriction of minimum initial cost. Accordingly, the impact of acceptable reliability level on the stand-alone photovoltaic system energy behaviour and initial cost is also examined. Finally, special emphasis is laid on the detailed energy balance analysis of selected stand-alone photovoltaic system configurations, on an hourly basis at least. According to the results obtained, a properly sized stand-alone photovoltaic system is a motivating prospect for the energy demand problems of numerous existing isolated consumers all around Greece.     

DSM演进历史的评析

DSM是一种广泛推行的能效管理技术和节能运作机制,自20世纪70年代开始至今,经历了20多年的实践在日趋完善,它主要应用在终端节电领域。DSM作为在市场经济体制基础上培植起来的一种能效管理和节能运作机制,要随市场经济体制的不断演进做相应的调整。DSM能够在政府法规和政策支持下,采取有效的激励和诱导措施,通过社会各方共同协力,达到节约能源和保护环境、实现能源与经济和环境协调发展的目的。从总体上看,我国的DSM还处于起步阶段,为把它纳入管理和运作轨道,还需要在借鉴国际经验的基础上探索适合自己的有效途径。     

Engineering estimates versus impact evaluation of energy efficiency projects: Regression discontinuity evidence from a case study

Energy efficiency upgrades have been gaining widespread attention across global channels as a cost-effective approach to addressing energy challenges. The cost-effectiveness of these projects is generally predicted using engineering estimates pre-implementation, often with little ex post analysis of project success. In this paper, for a suite of energy efficiency projects, we directly compare ex ante engineering estimates of energy savings to ex post econometric estimates that use 15-min interval, building-level energy consumption data. In contrast to most prior literature, our econometric results confirm the engineering estimates, even suggesting the engineering estimates were too modest. Further, we find heterogeneous efficiency impacts by time of day, suggesting select efficiency projects can be useful in reducing peak load.     

Biohydrogen production characteristics of Desulfurococcus amylolyticus DSM 16532

Desulfurococcus amylolyticus DSM 16532 is a hyperthermophilic archaeon that can grow on cellulose. Due to the relevance of cellulose as a second generation biofuel production substrate this carbon compound was selected for molecular hydrogen (H₂) production studies.D. amylolyticus has several genes that are necessary for H₂ production, such as pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase, formate dehydrogenase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate ferredoxin oxidoreductase and two membrane-bound hydrogenases. Moreover, D. amylolyticus comprises many physiological features that could promote H₂ production. Here, the biohydrogen production potential of D. amylolyticus was analysed in batch cultivation mode in bioreactors on cellulose and fructose. Analysing the cell specific biohydrogen production rates revealed that the organism possesses an intriguing physiological potential to produce H₂, at rates higher or equal to other known biohydrogen producing strains. However, with respect to the volumetric H₂ production rate the limiting factor could be related to low cell densities.Given the physiological capacity of D. amylolyticus the organism could still be envisioned to be optimized as a second generation H₂ cell factory.     

对我国实施电力需求侧管理的若干建议

在体制,经济,法律法规及行政,宣传导向和技术５个方面对我国实施电力需求侧管理提出了改革建议。     

How competition might affect electric-utility DSM programs

This paper discusses competition in the electricity industry and how it might affect utility DSM programs. The roles that state regulatory commissions could play to affect retail competition and DSM programs are examined. Commissions could set exit or reentry fees for customers who want to buy electricity from an entity other than the local utility. Or they could ‘tax’ the use of the local distribution system to discourage uneconomic wheeling and to pay for DSM programs. The effects of DSM programs on retail electricity prices and how utilities might redesign their DSM programs for a more competitive environment are considered. In the future, utility DSM programs may

1. (1) focus more on customer service and less on system-resource benefits,

2. (2) emphasize capacity reductions more and energy savings less as utilities seek to minimize the lost revenues associated with DSM,

3. (3) become more cost-effective as utilities identify better ways to deliver DSM services at lower cost, and

4. (4) involve fewer inter- and intraclass transfers as utilities increasingly have individual customers pay for their own DSM services. While DSM programs in the future may be different from what they are today, they will continue to be important to utilities as powerful marketing tools and to society because of their environmental and economic-productivity benefits.

     

需求方管理（DSM）技术在二连油田的应用

需求方管理技术是当前国际上推行的一种先进的管理技术,它能够在资源合理开发有效利用方面发挥更大作用。能有力地促进经济效益,能源利用和环境保护的协调发展,目前比较成熟地应用于电力系统,随着油田开发建设的不断扩大,电力紧张的局面也日益严重,节电,增效、降成本就成为油田可持续发展的重要手段。通过在二连油田应用DSM技术,优化了线路布局,达到了合理经济运行,提高了用电管理水平,实现了较好的经济效益和社会效益。     

Sturdy but sensitive to heat: the impact of a winding temperature on power transformer reliability

This paper provides some useful information on insulation temperature in order to take full advantage of transformer loading capabilities during emergency conditions without jeopardizing the reliability of the unit. Particular focus is given to the impact of a winding temperature indicator (WTI) on power transformer reliability. The WTI is a critical device on a transformer because it not only controls the transformer cooling, but it also provides the transformer with thermal protection.     

单圆盘转子的振动可靠性分析

本文介绍了单圆盘转子体系振动响应的计算公式,导出了与振动破坏模式相对应的转子体系的可靠性安全裕量方程,建立了单圆盘转子体系振动可靠计算数学模型。并讨论了各参数对转子振动可靠性的影响。最后给出了一个算例说明该方法的可用性。     

实施DSM 迎接缺电挑战

我国是能源消费大国,近年来随着国民经济的快速发展,我国的能源消费水平也有大幅提高。纵观当今世界,能源与环保已经成为全球性议题,走可持续发展道路才是人类社会的长久之计,因能源利用引发的环境污染问题不容忽视。对此,近年来我国不断进行能源结构的优化调整,这其中电能作为     

用科学发展观指导首都电力需求侧管理工作

"十一五"时期将是北京加快发展,实现"新北京、新奥运"城市战略构想的关键时期.随着全社会对电力资源依存度的逐渐增加,电力资源已占到全社会能源消费总量的32%.为保证首都北京的电力供应,我们在开源增供的同时,大力开展需求侧管理工作,取得了明显成效.     

Conservation v. generation: The significance of Demand-Side Management (DSM), its tools and techniques

A balance between electricity supply and demand is needed at all times to ensure a stable and reliable market. This can be done in two ways, either by Supply-side Management by adding supply when demand is high or by Demand-Side Management (DSM) by curtailing the system demand when supply availability is less. Satish Saini explores the benefits of DSM as a solution to supply shortage and alternative to new plant build.     

提高凝汽器胶球清洗工作可靠性的途径

以１２５ＭＷ机组为例,介绍了近年来国内许多汽轮发电机组胶球自动清洗系统的采用及其有关改动的情况。实践证明,１４ＦＨ－５－０净水器和Ｓ－１４－０胶球收球网的使用,可提高凝汽器运行可靠性,经济效益显著。文章还指出了胶球自动清洗系统的使用注意事项及存在问题。     

The function of a ground sensor for photovoltaic system reliability

Several measures to evaluate and assess the performance of photovoltaic installations have been conducted by BPP Teknologi. However, analysis on the installation, safety and reliability related to electrical failures on the photovoltaic power source is almost never discussed. As the number of large photovoltaic installations in Indonesia is growing and some significant failure modes on the existing systems are observed, therefore a reliability study should be taken. In this paper, one of the safety subsystem components and the grounding path recommended for photovoltaic systems is discussed. Furthermore, an analysis on the installed system failure modes and their possible causes is described. Some conclusions and recommendations for further photovoltaic installations in Indonesia based on the previous discussion and analysis are also presented.     

帝斯曼进一步优化太阳能防反射涂层系统

<正>2010年2月,生命科学和材料科学全球公司帝斯曼集团旗下帝斯曼功能涂料部近日宣布其Khepri Coat~(TM)太阳能防反射涂层系统得到了进一步优化。这些改进,已经被证明为世界上多晶硅太阳电池板第一次实现17%的转换效率作出了重大贡献。     

需求侧管理是我国电力可持续发展的重要战略选择

进入21世纪,全社会对电力的依赖程度越来越高,对电力供应的质量也提出了更高的要求。一方面社会的发展客观上要求电力工业必须以一定的规模和速度发展,另一方面受资源和环保因素的制约,发展电力工业的问题进一步显现。因此,需求侧管理是我国电力工业可持续发展的战略选择。需求侧管理具有巨大的市场潜力。我国已有实施需求侧管理的经验,到2020年,减少1亿kW的电力装机是可行的。因此我们必须从电力工业可持续发展的高度,从资源利用最优出发,高度重视需求侧管理工作,使得电力需求侧管理在我国电力工业可持续发展中发挥更大的作用。