Hg2 + 离子传感器的最新研究进展

综述了汞离子传感器的最新研究进展，主要介绍了利用光化学传感器、离子选择电极和生物传感器检测汞离子的状况，重点分析比较了功能材料和传感器特性。在此基础上，介绍了我们的研究情况，通过两个阶段的固相反应合成了汞离子传感器，并且通过激光脉冲沉积(PLD)技术把靶材(汞离子传感器)制备在光寻址电位传感器(LAPS)的表面上，形成薄膜，实现了汞离子传感器的微型化。     

半导体磁敏电阻和传感器

ＩｎＳｂ磁敏电阻元件用磁敏电阻传感器是一种新型的，重要的磁敏元件和传感器。首先，简要介绍了ＩｎＳｂ磁敏电阻元件和磁敏电阻传感器的工作原理，结构，性能等；分别介绍磁敏电阻传感器，磁性墨水文字图形识别传感器，齿轮传感器，磁性编码器，直线位移传感器，齿轮传感器，磁性编码器，直线位移传感器，无接触电位器等工作原理，结构，主要技术性能和应用。     

一种双探头纸张定量传感器故障诊断方法研究

介绍了一种双探头纸张定量传感器的原理及性能，给出了基于卡尔曼滤波器的传感器故障诊断算法，将其用于造纸过程纸张量传感器，实现了对传感器探头部分部件故障的探明和隔离，从而使传感器的可靠性得以提高，仿真实验研究结果表明，文中所给出的故障诊断方法及能准确地探明和隔离出传感器连续性和间断性故障。     

移动机器人非视觉传感器及其信号处理方法

非视觉传感器是机器人认识和了解外部环境的重要途径，移动机器人常用的非视觉 传感器包括超声、红外、接近传感器等．这些传感器大多是以环或阵列的形式出现，因此其 信号处理往往要占用机器人大量的CPU时间．本文提出了一种采用多DSP控制和处理各类非视 觉传感器的方法，给出了传感器信号处理的原理和具体实现．同时我们引入了并行处理的机 制，各类传感器信号处理可同时进行，在很大程度上提高了机器人传感器信号处理的速度， 有利于机器人在实时动态环境中运行．并给出了非视觉传感器信号处理的实验结果，验证了 该方法的有效性．      

造纸过程纸张定量传感器故障诊断方法研究

本文介绍一种作者提出的容错型纸张定量传感器的原理及性能，给出了应用卡尔曼滤波器的传感器故障诊断算法，与容错型纸张定量传感器结合，实现了对传感器部分部件故障的容错，从而提高了传感器的可靠性。仿真实验结果表明，文中所给的故障诊断方法能及时准确探明和隔离出传感器故障。     

激光焊接在传感器生产中的应用

本文了介绍传感器工作特点和生产传感器的工艺特点，介绍了激光焊接传感器的原理和特点，并和其他焊接工艺进行了比较，指出了传感器焊接方法的发展方向。     

基于软件的智能传感器的概念与实现

高级智能传感器采用TEDS技术，将传感器数据写入传感器的内存中，使测试设置简单化，大大推动了测试技术的发展。但使用该种传感器，必须使用与其相配套的信号调理、数据采集设备以及软件等，使测试系统成本过高。因而，提出了利用软件使普通传感器实现TEDS功能的思想，并利用Lab VIEW软件、IOTECH数据采集设备以及国产传感器进行了实际开发应用。     

改进的镍电解三段净化智能控制系统

利用各种传感器功能上的差异与互补建立多传感器系统，通过对各传感器提供的信息进行分析、综合，获得比任何单一传感更加稳定、可靠的信息，这就是愈来愈受到重视的多传感器信息集成与融合技术本文提出了多传感器集成与多传感器融合的概念，根据镍电解三段净化过程以及所检测的传感信号，给出了多传感器集成系统概率模型和黑板式控制结构．给出了多传感器信息融合的拓扑结构和融合方法。     

电化学生物传感器的进展

本文简要介绍生物传感器的基本原理结构、分类、特点及应用评述了电化学传感器在生物传感器发展中的作用和地位，特别是微型电化学传感器的出现大大促进了生物传感器的出现大大促进了生物传感器的发展，微切削加工技术和微电子平面工艺的引入使生物传感器的微型化多功能集成化智能化和机电一体人成为可能，它导致了由单一传感器向完整的分析系统的发展。     

WSN节能设计研究现状

传感器网（WSN）综合了传感器技术、嵌入式计算技术、通信技术等，在人无法或很难到达的地方具有很高的利用价值。传感器网络能够应用于军事和民用方面，然而传感器网络中的节点数量众多，体积小，能量受限，因此如何降低节点的能量消耗。延长网络的寿命显的极为重要。文章介绍了传感器网络的结构，总结了传感器网络中的节能算法和协议，并提出了今后发展的方向。     

Conversion method and system

In the classical conversion method, the light that passes the medium is converted to the photosignal. Then, it is amplified by an amplifier having linear characteristics. Considering the amplitude of the amplified signal, the measured parameter is determined. In the proposed conversion method, the intensity of the reference light that falls on the medium is inversely modulated with respect to the absorption function. The intensity of the light used for the measurement is kept constant. The intensity modulated reference light and the measurement light, which are in inverse phases, pass through the medium subsequently. Then, they are detected by a photodetector. At the output of the photodetector, the phase changing instant of the obtained signal and the duration between the starting instant of the reference light and the phase changing instant are determined. Considering this duration, the value of the measured parameter is determined. The proposed conversion method linearizes the conversion phenomenon. The photodetector does only detect the instant at which the reference light and the measurement light are similar. The photodetector operates as an indicator. The measured parameter is converted to the pulse duration or the number of pulses. The value of the measured parameter can be directly obtained at the output of the photodetector. The comparison and the mathematical operations are directly achieved on lights. Analysis of the proposed method and application examples are given in the paper.     

Numerical and experimental study of the virtual quadrupedal walking robot-semiquad

SemiQuad is a prototyped walking robot with a platform and two double-link legs. Thus, it is a five-link mechanism. The front leg models identical motions of two quadruped's front legs, the back leg models identical motions of two quadruped's back legs. The legs have passive (uncontrolled) feet that extend in the frontal plane. Due to this the robot is stable in the frontal plane. This robot can be viewed as a "virtual" quadruped. Four DC motors drive the mechanism. Its control system comprises a computer, hardware servo-systems and power amplifiers. The locomotion of the prototype is planar curvet gait. In the double support our prototype is statically stable and over actuated. In the single support it is unstable and under actuated system. There is no flight phase. We describe here the scheme of the mechanism, the characteristics of the drives and the control strategy. The dynamic model of the planar walking is recalled for the double, single support phases and for the impact instant. An intuitive control strategy is detailed. The designed control strategy overcomes the difficulties appeared due to unstable and under actuated motion in the single support.Due to the control algorithm the walking regime consists of the alternating different phases. The sequence of these phases is the following. A double support phase begins. A fast bend and unbend of the front leg allows a lift-off of the front leg. During the single support on the back leg the distance between the two leg tips increases. Then an impact occurs and a new double support phase begins. A fast bend and unbend of the back leg allows the lift-off of the back leg. During the single support on the front leg the distance between the two leg tips decreases to form a cyclic walking gait.The experiments give results that are close to those of the simulation.Funding for SemiQuad was primarily provided by the CNRS and the region Pays de La Loire.     

Designing the rule classification with oversampling approach with high accuracy for imbalanced data in semiconductor production lines

The product quality is the major factor for enhancing the production ability and competitiveness. Decreasing the cost and increasing production capacity are common approaches to realize the enhancement of the product quality. The production managers apply various multimedia data to evaluate the product quality. For example, capturing the stamping sound to evaluate the correct cutting and taking the component image to measure the chip positions are common heterogeneous multimedia data that are applied to manufacturing. However, the production managers prefer to minimize the number of defective products, e. g. the secondary operation and fixing the product tolerance in the assembly stage, to fitting the production target. Therefore, contrasting the defective product identification procedure with high accuracy becomes a challenge due to the decrease of the number of the defective products. In this paper, we propose the Rule Classification with Oversampling (RCOS) approach to provide the high accuracy with few defective products. The proposed RCOS includes the oversampling technique and the rule classification approach to emphasize the properties of the defective products and provide the precise classes. Given few defective products, capturing the properties of the failure is difficult. The RCOS considers the revised Synthetic Minority Over-Sampling Technique (SMOTE) to highlight the failure properties, and then the rule model is considered to extract the root cause of the defective products. We implement the proposed RCOS in the semiconductor production line. From the experiment results, the proposed RCOS provide about at most 98% in accuracy, and the comparison shows that the results have been improved in common criteria e. g. the true-positive rate, G mean, F1 score, and False Alarm Rate. Therefore, the proposed RCOS provides high practicality for the implementation consideration.

     

一种基于二维可逆映射的图像加密算法

提出了二维可逆映射在图像加密中的应用.可以通过置乱图像像素位置实现图像加密.二维可逆映射可以高效地实现图像像素置乱.二维可逆映射由压缩拉伸和折叠两个子映射组成.压缩拉伸映射,使原始图像变换成线,折叠映射使线变换成图.所有可逆映射构成了可逆映射集合.经过扩散处理改变像素值,实现图像加密.二维可逆映射的引入扩大了密钥空间,并增强了对密钥变化的敏感度.新的加密方法提高了加密图像的安全性且加快了加密速度.仿真验证了二维可逆映射图像加密算法的有效性.     

FB-CS模型的两层嵌套机动目标跟踪算法

针对转弯机动目标,提出了一种两层模型嵌套的跟踪算法.算法的内层模型由基于函数的“当前”统计(Function based current statistic,FB-CS)模型构成,该模型在“当前”统计(Current statistic,CS)模型的基础上,通过加权一个以新息方差之迹为参数的活化函数,对加速度方差和机动频率进行自适应处理,再针对目标的速度方向角进行滤波,将获得的角速度估计值作为外层的输入;外层模型由曲线模型构成,其方向角度、角速度和角加速度由内层模型提供.由于既准确估计目标的角速度,又设计了合理的运动模型,算法显著提高了转弯机动目标的跟踪精度.仿真实验验证了算法的有效性.     

Passive mixing of co-flowing slugs in grooved microchannels

The anisotropic grooves in a microchannel induce spiral circulation around the flow axis. The stretch and fold of the streams result in a passive mixing. This article describes the effectiveness of induced crossflow, arising from the grooves, placed at the floor of the microchannel. The results from numerical simulation show the extent of local mixing achieved at various positions around the groove. The emphasis here is to understand the mixing when the two streams enter the channel, and displace air while flowing alongside each other. Microchannels with slanted grooves and staggered herringbone type grooves are considered here. The FLUENT 6.2 software and the Open FOAM software were used for the simulation. The latter was primarily utilized for tracking of the interface when a liquid slug displaced air from the micromixer. At a Reynold’s number of about 1.0, low velocity pockets could be identified near the two ends of the ridges. These pockets did not support crossflow and mixing. The herringbone type micromixer was found to have the best mixing effectiveness, when the advection dominates mixing. This advantage is mostly lost at the higher values of diffusivity, as a crossflow became less important for mixing. These observations were made when one of the streams is 1.5 times more viscous than the other, and the mixture-rule governed the viscosity of the mixed stream. When the liquid front enters the microchannel for the first time, the front had to displace air from the channel. At first, the upper part of the channel was swept. This was immediately followed by the sweeping of the groove-part in the floor. Higher hydraulic resistance in the grooves resulted in this non-uniform movement of the front. The co-flow of streams could either be continuous over the entire length of the channel, or in the form of slugs that maintained an interface with air. At a particular position in the channel, the extents of mixing were compared for the two modes of co-flow. The extent of mixing was found smaller in the slug, next to the interface with air. Lack of axial dispersion with preceding liquid stream seems to be the reason for this trend.     

粗糙集理论在故障诊断中的问题分析

粗糙集理论能对系统中的冗余信息进行约简,但其处理过程完全基于样本集,样本集的完备性对其处理结果有直接影响.对粗糙集理论及其在故障诊断中属性约简存在的问题进行了分析,通过实例证明了在故障样本集不完备的情况下,利用粗糙集进行的属性约简会由于新故障样本的引入而导致前后约简结果的不一致,从而影响诊断的准确性;指出了该问题产生的关键原因及解决的办法,并给出了相关的实现算法,以提高系统的故障诊断自适应性.     

Sensor system of a small biped entertainment robot

SDR-4X II is the latest prototype model of a small biped entertainment robot. It is the improved model of SDR-4X. In this paper we report on the sensing system of this robot, which is important and essential for a small biped entertainment robot which will be used in the home environment. One technology is the design of the motion sensing system, i.e. the inclination sensor system and the force sensor system which obtains the inclination of the trunk and the foot with force. Another technology is the real-world sensing system. One aspect is the touch sensing system. The robot is used in a normal home environment, so we should strongly consider the safety aspects for human. Another is the vision sensor system. The configuration and the distance image acquisition are explained. Next is the audio sensor system which obtains the sound and the voice information. The hardware system and the direction recognition are explained. These sensing systems are the key to making the biped robot walking and dynamic motion highly stable, and understanding the real-world around the robot.     

机器人足球比赛截球策略设计

在机器人世界杯足球锦标赛(TheRobotWorldCup,简称RoboCup)中,截球效率直接影响到比赛的结果。通过足球截球模型,建立方程,从而求出截球位置。解方程的根是提高截球效率的关键,本文采用高效的弦割法来快速计算方程的根。试验发现方程曲线的变化对弦割法解方程根的效率有很大影响,曲线的形状直接影响了弦割法的收敛速度。为加速收敛性,对弦割法进行了优化。最后与优化前的弦割法以及二分法进行了比较,结果表明优化后整体性更为高效,很好地满足了比赛的要求。     

Greedy algorithms for eigenvalue optimization problems in shape design of two-density inhomogeneous materials

This paper studies the eigenvalue optimization problems in the shape design of the two-density inhomogeneous materials. Two types of greedy algorithms are proposed to solve three optimization problems in finite element discretization. In the first type, the whole domain is initialized by one density. For each problem of the eigenvalue optimizations, we define a measurement of the element, which is the criterion to determine the ‘best’ element. We change the density of the ‘best’ element to the other density. Then the algorithm repeats the procedure until the area constraint is satisfied. In the second type, the algorithm begins with the density distribution satisfying the area constraint. Also, according to the measurement of the element, the algorithm finds a pair of the ‘best’ elements and exchanges their densities between each other. Furthermore, the accelerating greedy algorithms are proposed to speed up both two types. Three numerical examples are provided to illustrate the results.