红外二维相关光谱在原油快速识别中的应用

测量不同温度下的一系列中红外光谱,通过二维相关处理即希尔伯特(Hilbert)矩阵变换得到二维相关光谱矩阵。另外,将一维的移动窗口相关系数法改进为二维的移动矩阵窗口相关系数法,选用二维相关的同步光谱作为特征光谱,给定了用于识别的相关系数阈值。此移动矩阵窗口相关系数法可准确识别出低比例混合原油。     

灰色关联评估法在套管质量评定中的应用

一种实用的产品质量评估方法———灰色关联评估法,是通过计算待判样本与参考样本之间的关联系数和关联度,并对关联度矩阵进行分析处理,从而得到多质量指标产品的综合评定结果的方法。使用这种方法对9个不同厂家生产的1397mm(5英寸)J—55套管的主要化学成分和力学性能等14项指标进行综合评估,最终给出套管整体质量的相对排序。评估实例表明,灰色关联评估法是一种较为简便、实用和科学的质量评估方法,应用于油井套管的质量评估中是切实可行的。     

MODELING THE VISCOSITY-TEMPERATURE RELATIONSHIP OF NIGERIAN NIGER-DELTA CRUDE PETROLEUM

The viscosity-temperature relationship of Nigerian Niger-Delta crude oils has been modelled using a generalized viscosity correlation developed by Puttagunta et al. (1992) for conventional crude oils. The correlation requires only one viscosity measurement for prediction, and the data fitting makes use of a simple algorithms. Predictions with the correlation yielded results that matched the experimental viscosities accurately.

The correlation was modified by deriving new values of shape-factor and asymptotic limit. The difference in the results obtained with the original and modified correlation is well within the acceptable limits of experimental error, as both matched the experimental data very well with overall average absolute deviations of 2.4% and 2.3%, respectively.     

灰色关联法在地层对比中的应用及其改进

地层自动对比中常用灰色关联法.论述了该方法的原理及算法.该方法在地层对比中存在某些缺陷,如在关联度匹配分级过程中,一旦某一级匹配与实际情况不吻合,则以后各级的匹配都是错误的,这样,必然会大量地出现地层混乱匹配的现象,造成地层对比结果不准.经过研究及实践,提出2种虚拟关联度的改进方法,其计算结果好于原灰色关联法;同时开发出相应的小层对比软件.     

多起伏湿气集输管线工艺计算方法优选

多起伏低持液率天然气集输管线的工艺计算是当前亟待解决的问题之一,已有的多种计算方法各有其局限性。为此,需要筛选出适用的计算方法准确预测多起伏湿气集输管线的积液和压降,为管线的高效运行和清管方案制订等提供依据。在考虑了热物性参数变化以及天然气多组分相平衡的基础上,采用C语言编制了5种常见工艺计算相关式或模型的计算程序,分别模拟了普光气田P201站至集气末站集输管线的多种运行工况,并与现场生产数据进行对比分析。结果表明：向上倾斜管段采用Beggs & Brill相关式、水平管段采用Eaton相关式、向下倾斜管段采用Xiao & Brill模型能够比较准确地预测多起伏低持液率管线中的积液量;Eaton相关式、DuklerⅡ相关式以及Mukherjee & Brill相关式预测的压降值偏小,而由Eaton Flanigan相关式、DuklerⅡ Flanigan相关式及Xiao & Brill模型计算得到的压降值偏大;Flanigan相关式过高地估计了低持液率管线中的高程压降损失;由Beggs & Brill相关式计算得到的压降精度较高,对此类管线的初步设计及运行模拟有较好的指导作用。     

距离权重改进的Pearson相关系数及应用

相关系数是表征两组数据相关性的度量指标。现有的相关系数仅计算数据本身在数值上的相关性，忽视了数据在地理分布上的特征，导致数据的规律性未被充分挖掘。在油气勘探领域，油气分布与空间信息密切相关。为此，采用Pearson相关系数的广义形式，结合空间权重的方法计算相关系数，并将不同搜索半径下的局部相关系数以折线图的形式研究两组数据的空间相关特征。模拟数据和实际数据的检测结果表明，空间权重改进的相关系数可以从空间上明确两组数据的潜在相关性。该方法有利于油气勘探的数据优选。     

MODELING THE VISCOSITY-TEMPERATURE RELATIONSHIP OF NIGERIAN NIGER-DELTA CRUDE PETROLEUM

Abstract

The viscosity-temperature relationship of Nigerian Niger-Delta crude oils has been modelled using a generalized viscosity correlation developed by Puttagunta et al. (1992) for conventional crude oils. The correlation requires only one viscosity measurement for prediction, and the data fitting makes use of a simple algorithms. Predictions with the correlation yielded results that matched the experimental viscosities accurately.

The correlation was modified by deriving new values of shape-factor and asymptotic limit. The difference in the results obtained with the original and modified correlation is well within the acceptable limits of experimental error, as both matched the experimental data very well with overall average absolute deviations of 2.4% and 2.3%, respectively.     

Prediction of the Heat of Vaporization from the Heat of Vaporization at Normal Boiling Point

A generalized enthalpy-temperature correlation for a group of liquid compounds has been developed to represent the data for a wide range of temperatures. Detailed analysis shows that the proposed correlation fits the experimental measurements of enthalpy of liquid with the calculated values with an overall absolute error of 3.7% for 79 data points.     

Estimation of Low-Pressure Gas Viscosity

A new correlation has been developed to estimate viscosity for gases at low pressure for several organic and inorganic compounds as a function of temperature depending on critical properties, as well as, critical density, acentric factor, and molecular weight. The proposed correlation has been verified using data of approximately 72 data points, and it is shows a significantly better correlation with an average absolute error of 2.0.     

Prediction of Reid Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Fuels

A new correlation is developed for predicting the Reid vapor pressure (RVP) of gasoline and naphtha based on a true vapor pressure (TVP) correlation. The input parameters for this correlation are the mid-boiling point, specific gravity, critical temperature, and critical pressure, where the critical properties may be estimated from the boiling point and specific gravity using available methods. The proposed correlation is evaluated with data collected on 50 gasoline samples from crude oils from around the world with API gravity ranges from 41 to 87, average boiling point ranges from 316 to 494 K and RVP of 0.007 to 1.15 bars (0.1-17 psia). The average error from the proposed correlation is about 0.06 bar (0.88 psia). Two other simple methods for prediction of RVP available in the literature have been evaluated with the same data bank and compared with the proposed method.     

人工神经网络在油层对比中的应用

本文根据油层对比的思路，建立了利用神经网络技术进行油层对比的总体流程：①预处理；②用神经网络法进行油层对比；③结论检测；④绘制油层对比图。其中，结论检测为选择项。     

Estimating the hydrate stability zone in the presence of salts and/or organic inhibitors using water partial pressure

Hydrate characteristics of an aqueous system could be related to water activity/fugacity for many practical purposes with a reasonable accuracy. In this work, the possibility of using vapour (or partial) pressure of aqueous solutions for estimating the hydrate stability zone has been investigated. Following that, a new correlation has been developed for estimating the hydrate stability zone of various fluid systems in the presence of salts and/or organic inhibitors. The correlation is based on the assumption that the changes in the water properties due to the presence of salts and/or organic inhibitors play the main role on the hydrate characteristics of aqueous systems.The developed correlation relates the hydrate inhibition characteristics of aqueous systems to the changes in the water partial pressure due to the presence of salts and/or organic inhibitors. It takes into account the effect of hydrocarbon phase and/or hydrate structure by introducing the hydrate dissociation pressure at a given temperature in the presence of distilled water.The correlation has been developed using the predicted hydrate phase boundaries for 10 fluid systems generated by a well-proven comprehensive thermodynamic model. The correlation has been used for predicting the hydrate stability zones for 19 independent fluid systems. The results are compared with the available experimental data, demonstrating the reliability of the newly developed correlation.     

基于多道局部复值相关的地震信号边缘检测

地震信号边缘检测是利用地震相干属性识别地震地层特征与边界的有效手段,目前主要利用相关类算法来实现这一目的。与传统的基于实地震信号相关的地震信号边缘检测方法不同,局部复值相关算法首先将实地震道转换成规范化复地震道,然后对相邻两规范化复地震道进行滑动时窗的零延迟复值相关运算,计算简洁,无需传统相干类算法的相似性扫描、倾角扫描或迭代求解等复杂运算,能同时提供用于相干分析的相关系数属性和与地层视倾角有关的相移属性,可以更有效地识别地震信息边缘特征,并且可对相关系数和相移属性进行对比解释,增加了边缘检测的准确性和可信度。此外,针对单道局部复值相关存在的相关系数属性边缘异常不突出和抗噪性较弱的问题,本文提出了改进的多道方法,提高了地震信息边缘异常检测和抗噪声的能力,并将改进的多道算法推广到三维数据,表明该方法是有效的。     

几种加氢润滑油基础油性质和组成的研究

通过对9种加氢润滑油基础油的主要性质及组成进行分析,并采用n-d-M法计算其结构族组成参数,依据其性质与组成的关系,对加氢润滑油基础油的密度、折射率、平均相对分子质量与结构组成以及烃类组成进行关联,同时对加氢润滑油基础油中的链烷烃、环烷烃含量与黏度指数、氧化安定性进行关联。结果表明：9种加氢润滑油基础油的密度与总环数和芳环数具有正相关性;折射率与结构组成参数（芳碳率、烷基碳率）具有近似的正相关性,而与烷基碳率具有负相关性;平均相对分子质量与芳烃、环烷烃含量呈正相关性,而与链烷烃含量则呈负相关性;链烷烃含量与氧化安定性、黏度指数也具有正相关性,但环烷烃含量与氧化安定性、黏度指数则呈现负相关性。     

催化裂化原料平均相对分子质量的计算

采集了79套催化裂化装置原料的物性数据。通过数据分析发现,平均相对分子质量与原料密度没有明显的相关性,但随着原料残炭值和沸点的增加,呈现一定程度的线性增加趋势。建立了基于原料相对密度、残炭值和50%馏出温度的平均相对分子质量关联式。与平均相对分子质量实际值比较,关联式具有较高的计算精确度。同时与典型的4种其他平均相对分子质量关联式的计算精确度进行了比较,说明了寿德清提出的关联式也可以适用于催化裂化原料平均相对分子质量的计算,但其关联式中的自变量参数（中沸点和特性因子）对于催化裂化原料来说不宜获取,其应用可行性较差。     

KINEMATIC VISCOSITY-TEMPERATURE BEHAVIOR OF HEAVY TBP-FRACTIONS (455°C+) OF ARABIAN CRUDE OILS

A generalized kinematic viscosity-temperature correlation for undefined liquid heavy petroleum fractions has been developed to represent the data for a wide range of temperature from 100°C to 200°C. The correlation is based on the experimental kinematic viscosity data of true boiling point fractions of four Arabian crude oils. The characterization property required for estimation is 50% boiling point. The proposed correlation fits the experimental data with an overall absolute error of 6.1%. Experimental measurements of kinematic viscosity of heavy true boiling point fractions of Arabian crude oils were also obtained in order to develop the proposed correlation.     

利用测井资料时频特征进行地层对比的方法及其应用

地层对比的精度和准确性关系到是否能发现以前漏掉的储集层.提出了小波时频分析地层对比方法,用一维连续小波变换埘测井资料进行处理,得出不同尺度的小波时频特征.即用频率的周期旋回变化来标定各级地层的级别并控制各级地层的对比,包括小层、砂层组及单砂层对比追踪.在长庆油区延长组的应用证明了该方法的有效性.     

碳酸盐岩储层渗透率与孔隙度、喉道半径的关系

碳酸盐岩储层渗透率与孔隙度的相关性差,与喉道半径的相关性较好,但喉道半径的分布范围通常较大,究竟哪一种喉道半径对渗透率起主要的控制作用,对此还没有形成统一的认识。为此,有必要探讨碳酸盐岩储层渗透率与喉道半径之间深层次的关系,建立渗透率、孔隙度、喉道半径三者之间的关系模型。根据碳酸盐岩储层非均质性强、孔隙结构差异较大的特点,利用毛细管压力曲线特征参数对研究样品进行了分类,针对不同孔隙结构的样品分别研究上述三者之间的关系,避免了把所有样品放在一起研究而掩盖掉非均质性影响的情况。通过对压汞实验基本原理的深入分析,认为毛细管压力曲线的拐点所对应的喉道半径对渗透率起主要的控制作用,并首次提出了拐点喉道半径的概念。将各种喉道半径与渗透率进行相关性分析,证实了拐点喉道半径与渗透率的相关性最好,最终建立了拐点喉道半径与渗透率、孔隙度三者之间的关系模型。利用该模型计算的渗透率与岩心分析渗透率相关性较好,相关系数达到0.79。