活化氧化石墨烯的制备及对甲基橙的吸附

为了提高氧化石墨烯(GO)的比表面积和吸附性能,采用氢氧化钾对GO进行高温固相活化,制备出活化氧化石墨烯(GOKOH),并将其用于对水中阴离子染料甲基橙(MO)的吸附研究。结果表明,GOKOH的比表面积可达672.48 m2/g。GOKOH能在较宽的p H范围内实现对MO的高效去除,去除率高达94.87%,吸附平衡时间约为150 min。准一级和准二级动力学拟合的理论平衡吸附容量分别为549.87 mg/g和549.45 mg/g,Langmuir模型的饱和吸附容量为632.91 mg/g。该吸附过程受边界层扩散与颗粒内扩散两个步骤控制,符合二级动力学模型和Langmuir模型,并主要以化学吸附为主。     

石墨烯气凝胶的制备及其对水中油分的吸附特性

以改性Hummers法制备出的氧化石墨（GO）为原料,乙二胺（EDA）为交联剂,通过液相化学交联法制备出以石墨烯为主体的多孔网状气凝胶（EGA）。利用电子扫描电镜（SEM）、电子透射电镜（TEM）及选区电子衍射（SAED）对其进行表征。以水中柴油为研究对象,考察所制EGA样品对水中柴油的吸附脱除效果。结果表明,石墨烯气凝胶对柴油的吸附量在前5 min上升迅速,在30 min左右达到吸附平衡。吸附过程遵循准二级动力学模型,且吸附速率随温度的升高而增加,体系的表观活化能E_a=23.94 kJ·mol^-1。颗粒内扩散模型拟合结果表明,EGA对水中柴油的吸附分为表面孔道吸附、气凝胶内部孔道扩散以及石墨烯片层间小孔道扩散。石墨烯气凝胶对柴油的吸附等温线与Freundlich模型较为吻合。     

偕胺肟化氧化石墨烯对铀(VI)吸附性能的研究

本文制备了偕胺肟/氧化石墨烯复合材料(AO/GO),利用SEM、FT-IR对AO/GO的形貌和结构进行表征,研究了溶液的p H值、吸附时间、溶液初始浓度、温度对功能化氧化石墨烯材料吸附铀(VI)的影响,采用吸附动力学、吸附等温线和吸附热力学进一步探讨吸附机理。研究表明:AO/GO对铀(VI)吸附的最佳p H值为5.0,3h达到吸附平衡,符合准二级动力学方程,吸附过程主要是受化学作用控制,吸附行为能被Langmuir吸附等温模型较好的描述,吸附是吸热和自发的,单层吸附量为285.71mg·g~(-1)。     

氧化石墨烯的合成及其对龙胆紫染料废水的净化研究

水体有机污染难以处理,制备吸附性能好、价廉易得、绿色高效的净化剂十分必要。采用改进的Hummers法制备GO,并研究了GO对染料污水的吸附性能。对比了该吸附剂对6种染料的吸附性能,得出对龙胆紫的吸附效果最好,故选取龙胆紫为研究对象。设计了单因素实验,系统研究了不同条件下氧化石墨烯对龙胆紫的吸附,并拟合吸附动力学和等温模型。探究发现,氧化石墨烯投加量0.03 g, pH=9,吸附时间30 min,转速1 200 r/min,染料质量浓度为50 mg/L时吸附最优,吸附率为98.36%,吸附量81.96 mg/g。等温模型符合Langmuir吸附,动力学模型符合准二级动力学吸附。实验结果显示了氧化石墨烯对龙胆紫染料具有较强的吸附能力,有望在水体染料污染处理上发挥巨大作用。     

聚乙烯亚胺修饰的氧化石墨烯对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能研究

将聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)接枝到氧化石墨烯(GO)表面,得到聚乙烯亚胺修饰的氧化石墨烯(GO-PEI)材料。通过FTIR、XRD、TGA对GO-PEI的结构及PEI接枝量进行表征,并研究其对水中Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能。结果表明,PEI成功接枝到GO表面,其氨基含量为13.72 mmol/g。GO-PEI对Cr(Ⅵ)表现出优良的吸附性能,其吸附过程符合Langmuir等温吸附模型和准二级动力学模型。GO-PEI对Cr(Ⅵ)的去除是吸附与化学还原共同作用的结果。     

GO/GA-g-PAMPS复合水凝胶的制备及阳离子染料吸附性能

以自制氧化石墨烯（GO）和阿拉伯胶（GA）、2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸（AMPS)为原料,采用一步水热反应法制备了GO/GA-g-PAMPS新型复合水凝胶,利用FTIR、XRD、SEM对复合水凝胶结构进行了表征。研究了GO浓度、溶液pH、染料初始浓度、吸附时间、吸附温度对阳离子染料亚甲基蓝（MB）和结晶紫（CV）吸附性能的影响。结果显示：水凝胶对阳离子染料具有较好的吸附效果,在GO浓度为0.3mol/mL,凝胶用量为0.05g,溶液pH为7,温度为50℃,染料初始浓度为200mg/L时,凝胶对MB和CV的吸附量和吸附率分别为395.68、381.70mg/g和98%、96%。凝胶经过5次循环使用后,对MB和CV的吸附率仍能达到82.6%和81.2%。吸附等温线和动力学研究表明,凝胶对MB吸附更符合Freundlich模型,对CV的吸附更符合Langmuir模型,准二级动力学模型能更好地描述两种阳离子染料的吸附过程。热力学研究表明水凝胶对两种染料吸附是自发、吸热和混乱度增加的过程。     

氧化石墨烯-TiO2复合材料对三种染料的吸附动力学及光催化性能

通过在氧化石墨烯分散溶液中水解钛酸丁酯成功制备氧化石墨烯-TiO₂复合材料（GO-TiO₂）,采用傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、全自动比表面及孔径分析仪（BET）和紫外-可见漫反射光谱（UV-vis DRS）等对样品进行了表征。研究了GO10-TiO₂对亚甲基蓝（MB）、甲基橙（MO）和罗丹明B（RhB）3种染料的吸附动力学和光催化性能。结果表明：TiO₂颗粒均匀地附着在GO片层表面;GO10-TiO₂对3种染料的吸附过程为多层吸附,吸附动力学符合拟二级动力学模型;在25℃条件下GO10-TiO₂对废水中MB、MO和Rh B的吸附因共轭结构、极性等的差异而呈现选择性吸附,吸附容量分别为9.2mg/g、5.4mg/g和23.0mg/g。对3种染料废水的光催化降解效果与吸附性能相关联,吸附容量越大降解效率越高,光催化反应60min时,MB、MO和Rh B降解率分别为89%、75%和98%。     

磁性氧化石墨烯对水溶液中铀（VI）的吸附性能研究

采用FeCl3作为磁流体制备磁性氧化石墨烯.考察了溶液pH值、溶液初始浓度、吸附温度和吸附时间对磁性氧化石墨烯吸附铀（Ⅵ）性能的影响,并探讨了吸附热力学、等温吸附性能和动力学.结果表明：磁性氧化石墨烯吸附铀（Ⅵ）的最佳pH值为7.0,吸附平衡时间为180min,298K时饱和吸附容量为113.27 mg/g.吸附行为符合Langmuir等温吸附模型和准二级吸附动力学模型,即表明吸附主要是受化学作用控制.     

氧化石墨烯/二氧化硅纳米材料吸附铬离子的性能研究

采用一种简便新方法制备了氧化石墨烯/二氧化硅(GO/SiO₂)复合纳米吸附剂，用傅里叶红外光谱(IR)和X射线衍射(XRD)进行了表征。研究了GO/SiO₂复合纳米材料对铬离子(VI)吸附性能，采用动力学分析，等温线模型评价了其吸附过程。结果表明：在pH值=4时，GO/SiO₂复合纳米材料对Cr(VI)最大吸附量为181.81 mg/g,其吸附过程符合准二级动力学和Langmuir等温模型。     

氧化石墨烯复合水泥基材料的分子动力学模拟

氧化石墨烯（GO）边缘的大量含氧官能团具有更好的反应活性，能够有效的增强水泥基材料的性能。本文为探究氧化石墨烯中各含氧官能团对水泥基材料性能的影响，建立了GO/C-S-H、GO羧基/C-S-H、GO羟基/C-S-H和GO环氧基/C-S-H模型。采用分子动力学的方法对复合材料的力学参数、界面吸附能、动力学特性进行研究。结果表明：GO的加入使复合材料的杨氏模量提高了10.7%，泊松比提高了12%。GO中的环氧基有助于复合材料界面的稳定性，羟基有助于复合材料内部原子间作用更紧密。含氧官能团与钙原子间的钙氧键是粘聚力的来源之一，钙氧键键长的顺序为Ca-OH相似文献   

磁性三乙烯四胺氧化石墨烯对Cu2+的吸附行为

为了提高氧化石墨烯(GO)的吸附能力和分离效果,采用恒温搅拌法和水热法制备磁性三乙烯四胺氧化石墨烯(M-T-GO)复合吸附剂。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)和透射电镜(TEM)测试方法对其进行表征,并对M-T-GO对Cu²⁺的pH、吸附动力学、吸附等温线和吸附热力学进行研究。结果表明,M-T-GO对Cu²⁺的吸附符合二级反应动力学和Langmuir吸附等温式描述,吸附反应为自发吸热过程,饱和吸附量为245.09 mg·g^-1,同时具有快速分离和易再生的优点。采用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)推测M-T-GO对Cu²⁺的吸附机理,结果表明M-T-GO主要通过螯合作用和静电引力对Cu²⁺进行吸附。     

Radiation synthesis of graphene oxide/composite hydrogels and their ability for potential dye adsorption from wastewater

A high yield of graphene oxide (GO) was chemically synthesized from graphite powder utilizing adjusted Hummer's method. The contents of acidic functional groups in GO were determined using potentiometric titration. Composite hydrogels dependent on graphene oxide/poly(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid)/polyvinyl alcohol (GO/PAMPS/PVA) were synthesized utilizing a ⁶⁰Co gamma irradiation source at different doses. The synthesized graphene oxide and composite hydrogels were portrayed via X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and Fourier transform infrared analysis. The morphology of composite hydrogels was characterized by scanning electron microscope. The gel % and swelling % for the prepared hydrogel demonstrated that the swelling % of hydrogel increased with raising AMPS content. Whereas the increment of GO and increasing the irradiation dose lead to a reduction in the swelling %. The influences of pH, GO percentage, initial dye concentration, the adsorbent dosage, contact time, and temperature on the adsorption of basic blue 3 dye were evaluated and the adsorption capacity was 194.6 mg/g at optimum conditions; pH = 6, GO/PAMPS/PVA composite hydrogels with 5 wt% of GO, initial dye concentration = 200 mg/L, adsorbent dose = 0.1 g, solution volume = 50 mL after 360 min at room temperature (25°C). The adsorption of dye onto the GO/PAMPS/PVA composite hydrogels follows Pseudo-second-order adsorption kinetics, fits the Freundlich adsorption isotherm model.     

Enhanced removal of nickel(II) ions from aqueous solutions by SDS-functionalized graphene oxide

In this paper, a one-pot and easy-to-handle method at room temperature without additional chemicals for the modification of graphene oxide (GO) with surfactant is found. Removal of nickel (II) ions from aqueous solutions by GO and surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulphate) modified graphene oxide (SDS-GO) was studied spectrophotometrically at room temperature as a function of time, initial concentration and pH. Adsorption capacity of the adsorbent was increased dramatically (from 20.19 to 55.16 mg/g found by Langmuir model) due to the functionalization of the surface by SDS. The driving force of the adsorption of Ni(II) ions is electrostatic attraction and Ni(II) ions adsorbed on the GO surface chemically besides ion exchange.     

二氧化钛/氧化石墨烯复合光催化剂的合成

采用水热法,以钛酸四正丁酯及氧化石墨烯（GO）为原料,在水性体系中合成了一系列具有不同GO质量分数的TiO2/GO复合光催化剂。FE-SEM分析结果表明,分散的钛酸四正丁酯以多分子层的形式吸附到氧化石墨烯的表面,最后在水热过程中转化为锐钛型TiO2粒子。当氧化石墨烯的质量分数低于3%时,产物中含有纯TiO2微球及TiO2/GO复合物;当氧化石墨烯质量分数大于5%时,产物为单纯的TiO2/GO复合物。电化学性能测试结果表明,GO复合后,TiO2电极中载流子的传输效率提高。氧化石墨烯复合量为10%时,复合光催化剂显示了对亚甲基蓝最佳的光催化活性。当复合氧化石墨烯转化为石墨烯后,其光催化活性可得到进一步大幅度的提高。     

Microwave assisted ultrafast synthesis of graphene oxide based magnetic nano composite for environmental remediation

We have successfully synthesized multi-layer graphene oxide and graphene oxide based magnetic nanocomposite (M/GO) by microwave-assisted modified Hummers’ method for removal of toxic lead (Pb²⁺) and cadmium (Cd²⁺) ions from aqueous solution. The X-ray diffraction spectra of synthesized graphene oxide and M/GO confirm increased interlayer spacing along c-axis. Raman spectra revealed the good quality of synthesized GO and M/GO. The wrinkles were seen in the SEM images of synthesized graphene oxide. The presence of conjugated double bond (CC) and carbonyl (CO) were confirmed by using the UV–Vis spectroscopic spectra. Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis showed high (126 m²/g) surface area M/GO composite which accounts for large number of active binding sites for the adsorption of heavy metal ions. The adsorption studies revealed that Pb²⁺ ions were efficiently adsorbed on GO sheets. Interestingly, M/GO showed better adsorption for cadmium ions.     

Convenient method for preparation of a new absorbent based on biofunctionalized graphene oxide hydrogels using nitrene chemistry and click reaction

A new graphene oxide (GO)-based hydrogel was synthesized through cross-linking of biofunctionalized graphene oxide nanosheets by di-alkyne polyethylene glycol as cross-linking agent. In this respect, nitrene chemistry as a convenient and straightforward protocol was developed for biofunctionalization of GO using an azido-starch as an eco-friendly, biodegradable and cost-effective material. In the next step, 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition chemistry, a green and highly efficient approach was utilized in cross-linking of functionalized GO by PEG through click reaction between remaining azido groups of starch on the surface of GO sheets and terminal alkyne groups of polyethylene glycol. Formation of aziridine and triazole rings during functionalization and cross-linking in this method could evidently improve biological activities of the obtained hydrogel compared to the conventional methods. The antibacterial activity of the new compounds was explored. The synthesized hydrogel showed antibacterial properties against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria due to the presence of triazole rings. Also, the resulting hydrogel exhibited high dye removal efficiency and it can be utilized in water treatment effectively. The adsorption kinetics was analyzed through the effects of adsorption time and the dye concentration on the adsorption capacity. Kinetic data were accurately described by a pseudo-second-order model.     

超声辅助合成磁性四氧化三铁/氧化石墨烯复合物及其在染料去除中的应用（英文）

A simple ultrasound-assisted co-precipitation method was developed to prepare ferroferric oxide/graphene oxide magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4/GO MNPs). The hysteresis loop of Fe3O4/GO MNPs demonstrated that the sample was typical of superparamagnetic material. The samples were characterized by transmission electron microscope, and it is found that the particles are of small size. The Fe3O4/GO MNPs were further used as an adsorbent to remove Rhodamine B. The effects of initial pH of the solution, the dosage of adsorbent, temperature, contact time and the presence of interfering dyes on adsorption performance were investigated as well. The adsorption equilibrium and kinetics data were fitted well with the Freundlich isotherm and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model respectively. The adsorption process followed intra-particle diffusion model with more than one process affecting the adsorption of Rhodamine B. And the adsorption process was endothermic in nature. Furthermore, the magnetic composite with a high adsorption capacity of Rhodamine B could be effectively and simply separated using an external magnetic field. And the used particles could be regenerated and recycled easily. The magnetic composite could find potential applications for the removal of dye pollutants.     

A new strategy for hydrogen sulfide removal by amido-functionalized reduced graphene oxide as a novel metal-free and highly efficient nanoadsorbent

In this research, hydrogen sulfide is adsorbed on amido-functionalized reduced graphene oxide (AFRGO) as a nanoadsorbent. By the use of n-propylamine and allylamine, reduced graphene oxide (RGO) was amidated for the adsorption of hydrogen sulfide. The materials were characterized by adsorption of H₂S, potentiometric titration, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The effect of the operational conditions of 4000–6000 h^?1 space velocities and 60,000?ppm H₂S feed concentrations were examined on adsorption capacity. The results show that H₂S feed concentration, space velocity, and functional groups of adsorbents have a major effect on H₂S adsorption. It was also found that the temperature in the range of 30–70°C had a significant effect on H₂S adsorption. The concentration of H₂S adsorbed in 3?h by AFRGO containing allyl substituent, AFRGO containing propyl substituent, graphene oxide (GO), and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) were reported as 59,710, 59,650, 59,600, and 59,500?ppm, respectively. Hydrogen sulfide adsorption analysis showed that nanoadsorbents increase adsorption capacity of H₂S.