PVA/石榴皮粉复合薄膜的制备及性能研究

以聚乙烯醇(PVA)为基材、石榴皮粉为填充材料,采用溶液共混的方法制备了不同石榴皮粉含量的PVA/石榴皮粉复合薄膜。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、红外光谱、紫外可见光谱、力学性能测试、水蒸气透过率测试、热重差热分析等手段考察了石榴皮粉含量对PVA复合薄膜性能的影响。结果表明:石榴皮粉与PVA相容性良好,与纯PVA薄膜相比,PVA/石榴皮粉复合薄膜的热稳定性显著增强,并表现出优异的紫外光阻隔性能,同时,随着石榴皮粉含量的增加,复合薄膜的水蒸气透过率提高,脆性增大。     

纳米焦磷酸钛/聚乙烯醇复合薄膜的制备与性能研究

以浸渍提拉法制备了纳米焦磷酸钛(nano-TiP2O7)/聚乙烯醇(PVA)复合薄膜。采用紫外-可见-近红外分光光度计、热重分析仪、分光光度计、拉力试验机等手段对PVA薄膜和nano-TiP2O7/PVA复合薄膜进行性能测试。结果表明,nano-TiP2O7含量在0.5 phr及以上时,复合薄膜的抗紫外线效果明显;nano-TiP2O7含量为1.0 phr时,热稳定性最高,紫外线透射比最低为8%,其加速紫外老化60 h后的拉伸强度保持率为87.83%,断裂伸长率保持率为78.82%,均高于纯PVA薄膜。而且,不同nano-TiP2O7添加量的复合薄膜的耐水性能和保湿性能都得到增强,耐油性能良好。     

超声辐射对PVA/CB导电复合材料气敏性能的影响

以聚乙烯醇(PVA)为基体,填充各种类型炭黑导电粒子,制备了导电复合薄膜。研究了超声作用下导电复合薄膜在不同溶剂蒸气中的气敏性能。考察了PVA与炭黑的比例、炭黑种类、超声时间、超声功率等条件对导电薄膜响应性能与响应稳定性的影响,并对这种导电复合薄膜产生气敏响应性的机理作了分析。结果表明,以PVA/乙炔炭黑组成的导电复合薄膜具有较强气敏响应性。当将其置于丙酮、正丁醇、乙醇、水极性溶剂中,电阻急剧提高102~103倍,表现为正蒸气系数效应(PVC);随炭黑含量提高,复合材料薄膜室温电阻下降,对溶剂蒸气的响应强度提高;超声时间、功率对导电粒子分散行为及复合材料的气敏性有影响,随超声时间延长及功率增大,接枝改性效果明显,导电薄膜的响应性及重复稳定性提高。     

PVA/nano-SiO2原位聚合薄膜性能的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶与原位聚合技术,制备了不同纳米二氧化硅（nano-SiO₂）含量的聚乙烯醇/二氧化硅（PVA/SiO₂）杂化薄膜。研究了纳米颗粒的引入对PVA/SiO₂薄膜热学和力学性能的影响。结果表明:SiO₂含量较低时只降低PVA/SiO₂结晶度,而含量较高时结晶度和结晶尺寸均降低;SiO₂的加入拓宽了PVA的玻璃化转变温度（T_g）范围,提高了PVA的热稳定性;PVA/SiO₂的拉伸强度、拉伸模量得到增强,而断裂伸长率则呈下降趋势。SiO₂质量分数为5%时,PVA/SiO₂薄膜的综合性能最佳。     

PVA/CB复合材料气敏性能研究

以聚乙烯醇为基体,以炭黑为导电性添加剂,通过共混法制得常温响应聚乙烯醇/炭黑(PVA/CB)气敏导电薄膜,研究了复合薄膜材料在乙醇蒸气中的室温气敏性能。研究结果表明,PVA/CB复合材料的气敏性能跟炭黑的分散性、含量、材料的厚度等因素有关。炭黑分散性越好,气敏性越好;炭黑含量存在一最佳值;材料厚度增加,阻碍气体的扩散导致气敏性降低。     

改性淀粉/PVA水溶性薄膜的制备与性能表征

研究了PVA含量对薄膜力学性能的影响,改性淀粉的含量对薄膜水溶性的影响。结果表明,所制得的薄膜的性能优异,其拉伸强度为20 MPa,水溶时间为136 s。采用的制备方法工艺简单、成本低、能耗低、效率高、具有较高的实际应用价值。     

聚乙烯醇/淀粉复合薄膜的制备与性能研究

以聚乙烯醇(PVA)和淀粉为原料,采用流延成膜法制备了PVA/淀粉复合薄膜。通过热重分析(TGA)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)以及力学性能测试,研究了PVA与淀粉的不同混合比例对所制备复合薄膜结构和性能的影响。结果表明:淀粉的加入降低了复合薄膜的拉伸性能,提高了其热稳定性。动态力学性能分析结果表明,淀粉能够提高复合薄膜的储能模量和刚性。     

聚乙烯醇薄膜的生产及应用现状与展望

聚乙烯醇(PVA)薄膜在水溶性、可降解性等方面的独特优点使其成为当前研究的热点。开发新的生产工艺、制备性能广泛的PVA薄膜是目前国内外共同的目标。详细阐述了PVA薄膜的优点、特性、种类及主要用途;分析了近年来PVA薄膜的生产工艺发展及市场前景;并对PVA薄膜的开发现状与应用动向进行了概述。     

改性剂对聚乙烯醇薄膜性能的影响

研究了聚乙烯醇(PVA)在熔融吹塑薄膜加工过程中，各种改性剂对薄膜性能的影响。复配增塑剂可与各种型号的PVA发生键合作用，很好地增塑PVA，使其加工性能提高，成型容易，力学性能也有很大改善；稳定剂的添加，可明显改善PVA的熔融加工稳定性，使其交联老化程度降低，薄膜的溶解性能显著提高；速溶剂的添加可以降低PVA在吹塑加工过程中的结晶度，提高薄膜常温下快速溶解的性能；开口剂的加入可以很好地改善薄膜的滑爽性。     

改性水滑石/聚乙烯醇复合膜的制备及性能

采用焙烧复原法将山梨酸(SA)插入水滑石(LDH)层间合成了纳米插层材料SA-LDH,将其与聚乙烯醇(PVA)共混,通过溶液流延法制备得到复合薄膜SA-LDH/PVA。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、X-射线衍射(XRD)、热重-差热分析(TG-DSC)和扫描电镜(SEM)对其结构、热稳定性以及形貌进行表征,并测试了复合薄膜的力学性能、溶胀率、溶解率和抑菌性能。结果表明:复合薄膜SA-LDH/PVA中SA-LDH含量为5 wt%时得到的LDH晶型最为完整,对应的SA-LDH片层在PVA薄膜中分散比较均匀;添加3 wt%SA-LDH可提高PVA膜的热稳定性;SA-LDH添加量为5 wt%和7 wt%时,提高了复合膜的抗拉性能和断裂伸长率;SA-LDH的添加提高了PVA膜的耐水性能;SA-LDH的添加量分别为5 wt%和6 wt%时,SA-LDH/PVA复合薄膜对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抑菌效果最佳。制备的改性水滑石/聚乙烯醇复合抑菌膜,为食品包装领域提供一种广谱的抑菌材料。     

PE吹塑农用兰光母料及兰光膜的研制

本文介绍PE吹塑农用兰光母料及兰光膜的研制。通过试验,确定了兰光母料的最佳配方,母料中光转换剂C_(26)H_(16)的用量为0.06～0.08%。并以母料与基体树脂1∶25的配比原材料,吹塑成兰光膜。此膜在光照不足的弱光照射下(2万LUX以下)光透过率>75%;存放13个月后物理机械性能未出现明显变劣趋势;其耐水浸渍性较好,完全可满足播种、移栽、整个育秧生长期的实际使用期限。该膜不仅是水稻育秧专用膜,而且还可用于玉米、红薯、西瓜等作物的增产增收。     

无机反射隔热颜料的制备及性能研究

采用焙烧法制备了4种无机反射隔热颜料钛铬黄、铬绿、钴蓝和铁黑,通过X射线衍射技术（XRD）、激光粒径粒度分析仪、紫外-可见-近红外分光光度计等对颜料进行了表征。最后将制得的颜料制备成涂料与普通颜料进行隔热性能对比测试。结果表明,所制颜料具有优异的太阳光反射性能,TSR值可达30％-67％;应用在涂料中可有效提高涂料自身的反射隔热性能,相对普通颜料,温度可降低6～30℃,节约能耗15％～40％。     

Packaging materials with tailor made light transmission properties for food protection

Packaging material with optimal light barrier properties can prevent food quality deterioration. For dairy products, wavelength in the visible region between 400–450 nm and 600–650 nm should be blocked out due to the content of chlorophyll in dairy products. Six low density polyethylene blown films were formulated with the combination of four different pigments and additives: green, yellow, silver additive, and optical brightener, in addition to four reference samples. All films were transparent. Optical properties and light transmission were measured for each film, and microscopy analyses were used to investigate the surface topography. The sample containing high concentration of both green and yellow pigments had the lowest value in gloss and transmittance. This film blocked the light below 450 nm and transmitted 10% at 600–650 nm. Optical brightener had an effect only on visual appearance but not on light transmission properties. Samples containing silver additive were more intense green and gave a higher light transmission in blue region (380–500 nm) and lower in red region (600–700 nm) compared with samples without silver additive. These developed films can be applied in dairy products and other food products in the future. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 52:2015–2024, 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Preparation of light color antistatic and anticorrosive waterborne epoxy coating for oil tanks

Utilizing waterborne epoxy resin as a main film-forming material, a kind of light color antistatic and anticorrosive waterborne epoxy coating with volume resistivity of 10⁶ was prepared by adding light color conductive pigments and anticorrosive pigments. The coating has excellent corrosion protective and outstanding decorating properties, which is applicable for the inner coating of oil tank. The effects of the type and the amount of conductive pigments, the film thickness, the curing temperature, and the curing time on the volume resistivity of the film were discussed. The properties of the several kinds of waterborne epoxy resin were compared and the determining of anticorrosive pigments was discussed.     

Transparent plasticised PVC film with ultraviolet and high-energy visible light shielding performance

In this paper, the ultraviolet (UV) absorbers and pigment yellow were added into the plasticised poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) films for the purpose of improving the UV and high-energy visible light (HEV) shielding performance. The optical properties were investigated by a Ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared (UVPC) spectrophotometer and a transmission & haze meter. It was found that all the samples exhibited high transmittance and low haze. UV326 was more effective than UV531 as an UV absorber. Pigment yellow played a positive role in the optical properties. By a simple combination of 0.5?phr UV326 and 6?×?10^?3?phr pigment yellow, more than 80% optical transparency in the visible light range (400–800?nm) and 90% shielding efficiency of UV light (from 200 to 400?nm) were realised. Furthermore, the presence of pigment yellow in PVC matrix could effectively block HEV, and the average transmittance of HEV decreased with the increasing pigment yellow concentration.     

Chromaticity changes of inorganic pigments in Chinese traditional paintings due to the illumination of frequently‐used light sources in museum

Optical radiation can cause permanent damage to the color of Chinese traditional paintings, which have extremely high responsivity in the museum illumination. In order to obtain quantitative influence laws of artificial illumination on inorganic pigments in Chinese traditional paintings and provide basis for choosing light sources, a long periodic illumination experiment was carried out to examine how prolonged exposure of three light sources (tungsten halogen, metal halide and white light emitting diodes), frequently‐used in museums, affect the chromaticity of five inorganic pigments [azurite (blue), cinnabar (red), orpiment (yellow), ancient graphite (black), clam shell powder (white)], commonly used in Chinese traditional paintings. Through the experiment, we found that the illumination causes a color change to inorganic pigments, and the degree of which is related to the photochemical stability of pigments and the high energy shortwave radiation in the light source spectrum. We also obtain the color change laws of the five pigments and the quantitative relationships of color damage for different painting types. These results can provide data basis for related research on Chinese traditional painting illumination and choice basis for light sources in museum lighting designs.     

不同颜色体系的UV丝印油墨中光引发体系的选择

使用紫外-可见分光光度计测得了黄、蓝、橙、紫4种颜料的紫外吸收图谱;在模型化的丝印油墨配方中改变光引发剂的种类,运用指压法和指抠法研究了多种光引发剂对含有这4种颜料的UV油墨的引发速度的影响。结果表明不同颜色的颜料对紫外光的吸收区域和吸收强度是不同的。对于黄色油墨,907的引发效果最佳;对于蓝色油墨,907+ITX+EDAB和910+ITX+EDAB都具有很高的引发速度;而对于橙色油墨和紫色油墨,907+ITX+EDAB则是速度最高的引发剂组合。     

利用PDZ合成锆英石基陶瓷颜料

利用PDZ原料成功地合成出了锆钒蓝、锆镨黄、锆铁红陶瓷颜料,讨论了各工艺参数对颜料合成的影响,优化出了PDZ合成锆英石颜料的最佳工艺制度。     

兰光转换膜的研制及其水稻育秧效果试验

本文介绍了以LDPE与LLDPE为基料的农用兰光转换水稻育秧膜的研制与性能，以及该膜用于水稻育秧的应用效果试验。最终增产效果为5．5％。     

纳米TiO_2和纳米CaCO_3对EVAC流滴棚膜性能的影响

采用内添法,将纳米二氧化钛(nano-TiO_2)或纳米碳酸钙(nano-CaCO_3)与流滴剂司班60等助剂混合后,利用挤出机制备以乙烯–乙酸乙烯酯塑料(EVAC)为载体的流滴母粒,进而通过吹塑工艺制备EVAC流滴棚膜,探讨了nano-TiO_2或nano-CaCO_3用量对EVAC流滴棚膜拉伸性能、流滴性和透光性的影响。结果表明,适当的加入nanoTiO_2或nano-CaCO_3,均能提高棚膜的拉伸强度,当母粒中nano-CaCO_3用量为4份时,棚膜的纵横向拉伸强度达到最大,而母粒中nano-TiO_2用量为2份时,即可使棚膜的纵横向拉伸强度达到最大;nano-TiO_2的加入略微改善了棚膜的流滴性,而nano-CaCO_3使棚膜的流滴性降低;添加nano-TiO_2或nano-CaCO_3后,棚膜对紫外光均有明显的屏蔽效果,对可见光的透光率也均有所提升,其中添加nano-TiO_2的棚膜的紫外光屏蔽效果以及对可见光的透光率均明显高于添加nano-CaCO_3的棚膜。