改性聚乙烯醇膜的研究进展

聚乙烯醇（PVA）因其良好的化学稳定性、耐酸碱、耐有机溶剂性以及优异的成膜性和生物安全性,成为应用最广泛的亲水性膜材料之一。但亲水性PVA膜力学性能弱和耐水性能差等缺点严重限制其实际应用。近些年,人们通过共混、纳米复合、热处理、化学交联以及协同改性等方法对PVA膜进行了大量的改性研究工作并取得了众多成果。本文总结了不同PVA膜改性方法的特点及存在的问题,重点阐述了性能优异的填料在纳米复合改进PVA膜力学性能上的研究现状,简述了共混、热处理、化学交联对改性PVA膜的作用,强调了协同改性对提高PVA膜综合性能的重要意义,为设计和制备高性能的PVA膜提供一定的参考。指出改性后的PVA膜在水处理和食品包装领域具有良好的应用前景。     

纳米技术推动内外墙涂料革命

目前纳米材料和纳米技术已成为当今新材料研究领域中热点 ,并将为涂料等传统产业注入高科技含量提供新的机遇。纳米科技的发展为人们开发新型涂料开辟了一条新的途径。纳米科技在内外墙涂料中的应用主要包括纳米加工学及纳米材料两个方面。纳米加工学体现在把乳液加工成纳米乳液 ,以及将材料进行改进使其具有纳米材料的性能。纳米材料在涂料中的应用一种是纳米粒子在传统有机涂料中分散后形成纳米复合涂料 ,这主要是通过添加纳米粒子对传统涂料进行改性实现的 ,工艺相对简单 ,工业可行性高 ;另一种是完全由纳米粒子组成纳米涂层材料 ,但由于…     

纳米材料及纳米技术在促进高分子传统产业结构调整中的作用

介绍了纳米无机材料在纳米复合棚膜、纳米抗菌纤维（丙纶、涤纶）、纳米PET阻隔性包装材料、纳米工程塑料、纳米涂料等产品中应用的研究成果及所预示的良好前景。     

差别化纤维

TQ342.820133196静电纺丝制备聚乙烯醇复合纤维Huang C.C.…;Fibres&Textiles in Eastern Europe,2009,17(3),p.34(英)聚乙烯醇(PVA)是一种生物相容性高、生物可降解且无毒的合成材料。壳聚糖、明胶和PVA,因其具有极佳的生物相容性、生物可降解性、抗菌性和其他理想的特性,近年来已成为广泛应用的材料。文章中采用静电纺丝技术制造了PVA-壳聚糖和PVA-明胶纳米纤维复合薄膜。PVA-壳聚糖和PVA-明胶溶液按体积比90:10、80:20、70:30、60:40、50:50、40:60配置,     

纳米复合涂料及制备技术

进入21世纪以来,纳米材料的开发与应用已成为科技工作者的研究热点,其中在涂料中的应用就是众多研究方向之一。纳米材料在涂层材料中的应用可分为两种情况：一是纳米粒子在传统有机涂料中分散后形成的纳米复合涂料;二是完全由纳米粒子组成的纳米涂层材料。第一种纳米复合涂料主要通过添加纳米粒子对传统涂料进行改性,工艺相对简单,工业可行性好。     

杀菌防霉涂料

201305040 用于太空聚合物材料上的抗菌涂料[刊，英]／Balagna，Christina等∥Materia Is Chemistry and Physics.-2012.135（2-3）.-714～722 在长期的太空探索中，飞船和轨道空间站上的微生物污染是一个值得注意的问题。为了解决这个问题，在适用于航空航天的聚合物材料Combitherm（一种复合膜）表面上，通过采用射频共溅射技术，沉积一种抗菌的含银纳米二氧化硅复合涂层。本文通过能量分散光谱法（EDS）、X射线光电子能谱法（XPS）、局部表面等离子共振（LSPR）、紫外可见光吸收分光光度法分析了该银纳米簇和二氧化硅材料的存在状态，并通过原子级显微镜观察涂层形貌。     

纳米复合涂料

本文研究了纳米填料对热塑性聚氨酯类纳米复合涂料在织物基材上微波吸收性能的影响。上述纳米填料包括纳米石墨、镍锌铁氧体（NiZnFerrite）、以及自制的杂化纳米石墨粒子（如铁包覆的纳米石墨粒子FeNG，铁镍包覆的纳米石墨粒子FeNiNG）.     

玻璃用纳米隔热涂料的研究进展

纳米氧化锡锑(ATO)等粒子是一种n型半导体材料,由其制成的膜具有很高的红外屏蔽效果和良好的可见光区透过率.将纳米ATO应用于涂料中能够制备出透明玻璃隔热涂料,具有极高的应用价值.本文对纳米隔热涂料的隔热机理进行了介绍,并对透明隔热涂料的研究状况、纳米隔热复合涂料的制备方法进行了综述.     

防污涂料

含功能化纳米粒子的防污涂料组合物及该涂料组合物的生产 提供了一种用防生物沾污涂料涂覆基材的方法,其包括：（a）获得一种含纳米粒子（由反应性基团和亲水聚合物链接枝）和溶剂的涂料组合物;（b）用该涂料组合物涂覆基材;以及（c）固化该涂料组合物,其中涂料组合物在25℃的表面张力〈40mN／m。     

聚乙二醇/氧化锑锡纳米复合纤维结构及保温透气性能

功能户外防护材料中热能管理是一个重要的方面。对于功能织物开发而言，大都采用涂层后整理技术，但是其功能性和透气性的平衡是关键。本文以静电纺丝技术制备了聚乙二醇/氧化锑锡（PVA/ATO）纳米复合纤维膜，采用扫描电镜（SEM）、傅里叶红外光谱（FTIR）、X射线衍射（XRD）、热重（TG）对纳米复合纤维进行了表征，并对PVA/ATO/黏胶热轧复合材料的保温性能及透气性进行了测试。结果表明：PVA中ATO具有良好的分散性，部分ATO纳米颗粒镶嵌在纤维表面。PVA/ATO/黏胶热轧复合材料的保温率相对于基材黏胶热轧布提高了28.9%，达到37.1%，相应传热系数为12.62W/m²·℃，克罗值0.32。ATO纳米颗粒的加入可以直接改善PVA纳米纤维膜的堆积结构，使得PVA/ATO/黏胶热轧复合材料的透气性相对于PVA/黏胶热轧复合材料有明显提高，但趋势随纳米纤维层厚度的增加而降低。PVA/ATO纳米复合膜可以复合到多种基材上，从而为基于纳米纤维功能材料开发保温透气功能提供了思路。     

High oxygen barrier property of polyethylene composite films with bilayer polyvinyl alcohol coating for emergency foods in high-humidity environments

The limited oxygen barrier of polyethylene (PE) films has restricted their further application in food packaging, like emergency foods. Although its oxygen barrier property can be improved by applying a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) coating, the application of PVA/PE composite films in high-humidity environments is still challenging. Hence, this study aimed to enhance the oxygen barrier properties of PVA/PE composite films in high-humidity environments. Specifically, PVA coatings were modified by the itaconic acid (IA) and magnesium-aluminum layered double hydroxides (LDH), and then applied to PE films as bilayer coating. Because of the unique bilayer coating on the PE surface, the oxygen barrier property of PVA/PE composite film (IA/LDH-p) in high-humidity environments has been further improved. The results confirmed that IA/LDH-p had an oxygen permeability coefficient of 1.92 ± 0.16 × 10⁻¹⁶ cm³ cm/(cm² s Pa) under a high-humidity environment test, 82.42% better than that of single-layer coating coated on PE surface. After being stored at RH 90% for 36 h, the tensile strength and elongation at break values of IA/LDH-p were 27.20 MPa and 919.63%, respectively. Overall, this obtained PVA/PE composite films showed great potential for application in emergency foods packaging, particularly in high-humidity environments.     

Paper coating performance of hemicellulose-rich natural polymer from distiller's grains

Coatings contribute to about 10% of the overall cost of paper production of which, the binder is the highest cost component in the formulation. In addition to costs, the binders that are currently being used are synthesized from fossil fuel feedstock raising concerns towards the sustainability of paper coatings. Furthermore, papers coated with waxes, polyolefins and other synthetic materials are difficult to recycle or compost. These challenges inherent with synthetic binders can be addressed by using renewable, plant based binders. This research focused on an abundant and underutilized source of hemicellulose based binders (DG gum) that can be extracted from distiller's dried grains. The extracted binder was compared with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) in a coating formulation consisting of 10:1 CaCO₃ to binder formulation coated on light weight paper. Cobb test, dry and wet tensile tests, optical properties (brightness, color, opacity), water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) analysis were performed to compare the hemicellulose based binder with PVA. The results indicate water absorptivity reduction by 25% for both DG gum and PVA coatings from the base paper value. Dry tensile index was lower with higher coating weights for both coatings with similar performance. The performance on WVTR analysis for both coatings was also comparable. No significant differences in optical properties after coating were observed from that of the base paper. These results suggest that hemicellulose based binder extracted from distiller's grains has the potential to replace synthetic binders in paper coating formulations.     

陶瓷基复合材料用环境障涂层专利分析研究

本文以环境障涂层专利数据为基础,从趋势、技术、地域、申请人四个维度研究分析了环境障涂层技术的发展过程和现状。分析结果表明：在发展趋势方面环境障涂层正处于较为活跃的研究发展阶段,并且随着陶瓷基复合材料的应用还将具有较为广阔的研究发展空间;在技术构成方面陶瓷涂层材料、制备工艺和应用领域是环境障涂层最主要的研究领域,并且从2014年开始环境障涂层逐渐成为国内外研究的热点;在地域分布方面环境障涂层技术的技术主导国是中国和美国,国外在材料、结构、工艺、应用等多个领域均有专利申请和布局,并且对于环境障涂层在航空发动机的应用更为关注,而中国目前主要集中于陶瓷涂层材料等基础研究领域;在申请人方面,国外申请人主要集中在GE、R-R等主流航空发动机公司,而国内主要集中在高校和研究院所,对环境障涂层技术持续研究和创新缺乏合理的规划,同时申请专利的质量还有待进一步提升。     

HVOF喷涂用于提高锅炉换热面耐磨损耐腐蚀性能综述

火力发电是我国的主要发电方式,在燃用煤、生物质等固体燃料时会面临锅炉换热面的冲蚀磨损或腐蚀问题,导致管道失效停炉,严重影响了电厂的安全稳定运行。超声速火焰（HVOF）喷涂作为热喷涂工艺的一种,可以通过在换热管道表面添加防护涂层来缓解磨损或腐蚀问题。因其制备的涂层具有与基体结合强度高、孔隙率低等优异的特点,在锅炉换热面的耐磨损耐腐蚀方面研究及应用前景广阔。综述了HVOF喷涂的发展、工艺流程以及涂层的特性,并重点总结了用于提升锅炉换热面耐磨损耐腐蚀性能的HVOF涂层材料,以及不同材料应用时需要考虑的环境因素。最后从工艺优化、材料进步以及实验方法创新三个方面对HVOF工艺在锅炉换热面上的应用做出展望。     

Heat‐resistant hydrophobic–oleophobic coatings

Thermally and chemically durable hydrophobic oleophobic coatings, containing different ceramic particles such as SiO₂, SiC, Al₂O₃, which can be alternative instead of Teflon, have been developed and applied on the aluminum substrates by spin‐coating method. Polyimides, which are high‐thermal resistant heteroaromatic polymers, were synthesized, and fluor oligomers were added to these polymers to obtain hydrophobic–oleophobic properties. After coating, Al surface was subjected to Taber‐abrasion, adhesion, corrosion, and thermal tests. The effects of the particle size of ceramic powders, organic matrix, and heat on the coating material were investigated. Coating material was characterized by FTIR spectrophotometer. Surface properties and thermal resistance of the coating materials were investigated by SEM and TGA analyses. After thermal curing, contact angles of these coatings with H₂O and n‐hexadecane were measured. It was observed that coatings like ceramic particles are more resistant against scratch and abrasion than the other coatings. Also, they are harder than coatings, which do not include ceramic particles. It was seen that coatings, containing Fluorolink D10H, have high‐contact angles with water and n‐hexadecane. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 2386–2392, 2006     

Structure of waterborne coatings by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and a thermostimulated current method: influence of fillers

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was coupled with a thermostimulated current (TSC) method to investigate the effect of fillers on the barrier properties of an epoxy-polyamido amine waterborne coating on a 2024 aluminium alloy. Four systems were studied: a clear coat and three pigmented coatings (with and without chromates). The results obtained by TSC highlight the specific action of chromates which decrease the molecular mobility (hardening) of the coating by comparison with neutral fillers. This has been explained by the high polarity of chromates that enhances interactions with the binder. Impedance measurements carried out for free-standing films and for coated aluminium alloy have corroborated the role of chromates on the barrier properties of the coating which remain high as a function of exposure time in a 0.5 M NaCl solution. TSC was also used to measure the glass transition temperature (T_g) of the hydrated systems. T_g was significantly decreased when the coatings were hydrated due to a strong plasticization effect induced by water uptake. For the different systems, we conclude that the weak barrier properties of the films (attached films) or the decrease of the barrier properties with time (free-standing films) were linked to the variation of the glass transition temperature by water uptake.     

石墨烯/导电聚合物复合防腐蚀材料制备及应用研究进展

石墨烯/导电聚合物复合材料不仅具有石墨烯优异的屏蔽性能和导电聚合物良好的氧化还原特性,还能协同发挥二者的功能,在金属防腐蚀领域有着巨大的应用潜力。本文综述了石墨烯/导电聚合物复合防腐蚀材料的制备方法,包括电化学方法、化学氧化法、分散液混合法和化学气相沉积法（CVD）;并全面总结了石墨烯/导电聚合物复合材料在防腐蚀涂层中的应用及性能。制备的石墨烯/导电聚合物复合材料可以通过电化学方法、溶剂挥发法制成石墨烯/导电聚合物防腐蚀薄膜涂层,还可以混入成膜物树脂中制备树脂复合防护涂层。讨论了石墨烯/导电聚合物在制备过程、薄膜涂层和树脂复合涂层应用中的优势与不足,提出了构建结构可控、综合性能好的复合防腐涂层是石墨烯/导电聚合物复合防腐蚀材料的未来主要发展趋势。     

Improved barrier properties of double dispersion coated liner

A dispersion coating formula that can be applied by conventional coating techniques and with satisfactory barrier properties has been developed. This formulation uses recyclable materials and is a cost-competitive replacement for wax-based barrier coatings.     

氧化铝包覆锂离子电池正极材料的研究进展

锂离子电池正极材料的性能是锂电池技术发展的瓶颈。近年来,为了提高锂离子电池正极材料的循环寿命、热稳定性和倍率性能等,三氧化二铝涂覆正极材料已经被广泛研究。所讨论的三氧化二铝涂层分为粗糙涂层、超薄涂层和厚涂层。简要论述了三氧化二铝表面涂层改善正极材料的作用,如氟化氢清除剂、物理保护屏障、提高锂离子扩散速率、提升正极材料的热稳定性能、与六氟磷酸锂(LiPF₆)反应生成二氟磷酸锂(LiPO₂F₂)和抑制JahnTeller效应等。介绍表面改性的方法,包括浸渍法、沉淀法、干法包覆、溅射法和原子层沉积法等,以及其对锂离子电池正极材料钴酸锂(LiCoO₂)、锰酸锂(LiMn₂O₄)、磷酸铁锂(LiFePO₄)及三元材料(Li-Ni-Co-Mn-O)的影响。最后,展望了三氧化二铝表面包覆和原子层沉积技术的发展前景。     

石墨烯防腐涂层研究进展

石墨烯是目前厚度较薄,硬度和强度较高的一种新型二维层状结构的碳材料,具有优异的化学惰性、抗氧化能力和阻隔性能。针对石墨烯在海洋有机防腐涂层领域的应用,归纳了石墨烯的防腐机理,主要在于屏蔽作用、缓蚀作用、加固作用和阴极保护作用,指出了石墨烯在涂层应用中存在易团聚、难定向排列、自身结构有缺陷等问题,提出了相应的改进措施并评价了改善效果,最后展望了石墨烯防腐涂层在多功能化、智能化和绿色化的未来发展方向。