环境条件对车内挥发性有机化合物浓度及车内气味强度的影响

通过对不同环境条件下车内空气中VOC和醛酮组分浓度进行分析,结果表明,大部分情况,阳光辐射状态下VOC和醛酮组分浓度最高,恒温恒湿状态次之,怠速通风状态下VOC和醛酮组分浓度最低。通过对恒温恒湿状态下和阳光照射状态下车内气味强度的评价,发现阳光辐射状态下车内气味强度高于恒温恒湿状态下车内气味强度,车内气味强度与车内挥发性有机化合物浓度高低并无直接关系。     

助剂对聚丙烯气味及挥发性有机物影响的研究进展

介绍了聚丙烯(PP)气味及挥发性有机物(VOC)的主要组成和产生来源。综述了助剂对PP气味及VOC的影响,重点阐述了抗氧剂、过氧化物、光稳定剂、化学除味剂和气味吸附剂等助剂对PP气味和VOC的影响。PP产生气味和VOC来源主要是由于在聚合过程中催化剂单体残留以及PP在加工过程中降解所致。加入气味吸附剂,可以有效去除烷烃、烯烃、苯酚、醛及酮类等有气味的小分子物质。因此,探究PP气味与VOC的关联进而控制PP气味在今后的研究中有重要意义。     

一种低气味、低VOC、高性能聚氨酯汽车座椅组合料的开发

以低气味、低挥发性有机物(VOC)聚醚,具有自催化作用的交联剂,增强剂,具有除醛功能的催化剂,低VOC硅油,开孔剂为A组分,改性MDI(二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯)为B组分,制备了汽车座椅。研究了交联剂、增强剂、催化剂以及开孔剂对制品性能的影响,并检测了产品的醛值和VOC含量。结果表明,交联剂、增强剂、催化剂、开孔剂的质量分数分别为2.0%、6%、0.8%、1.5%时,产品的力学性能最好。由该组合料生产的产品气味等级能达到2.5,VOC能满足主机厂标准要求。     

一种低气味高活性接枝聚醚多元醇

对比了离子交换树脂工艺聚醚多元醇LEP–4801LV及后续接枝聚醚LHH–500L与传统酸中和工艺聚醚多元醇及其接枝聚醚在醛含量、总碳VOC(挥发性有机物)以及气味上的表现,同时将接枝聚醚制成模塑泡沫,对气味、五苯三醛等VOC进行测试对比。结果表明,离子交换树脂工艺聚醚多元醇所得接枝聚醚LHH–500L可明显改善下游制品的气味和VOC。     

聚丙烯材料中VOC物质的来源分析

选取熔指和力学性能相近的两种聚丙烯,从聚丙烯的制备方法、挤出过程以及助剂的加入等方面研究了聚丙烯材料中VOC物质的来源。实验结果表明,所选择的两种聚丙烯树脂中,过氧化物法制备的聚丙烯VOC明显高于氢调法的;挤出过程会导致VOC中醛酮类物质含量的提高;抗氧剂和耐候剂等助剂的添加会导致VOC中苯系物含量提高;VOC改善剂能有效降低VOC中甲苯、甲醛和丙烯醛的含量;多孔材料的添加可使醛酮类VOC得到明显下降;烘烤对VOC的降低有明显的效果。     

高强度低VOC玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯材料的开发

以含30％短玻璃纤维的聚丙烯(PP)为基础,从源头开始控制材料的气味和VOC含量,即将所有可能用到的配料参照大众汽车PV3900气味测试标准进行筛选,优先选择气味等级不超过3级的原料和助剂.主要对当前市场上的几种不同的低气味马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯相容剂(PP-g-MAH)、不同抗氧剂体系和不同气味吸收剂进行了研究.结果表明...     

4-(甲基丙烯酸)-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶醇酯与苯乙烯共聚物-受阻酚共混聚丙烯纺丝研究——卷绕丝的结构对拉伸性能的影响

4-(甲基丙烯酸)-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶醇酯与苯乙烯共聚物(PDS)-受阻酚与聚丙烯共混造粒,将这种粒料与商品聚丙烯粒料进行纺丝对比,结果表明,这种粒料的卷绕丝有较低的分子量、结晶度、双折射和非晶区取向度;PDS在卷绕丝中处于无定形态;卷绕丝有较低的屈服应力,较大的最大拉伸倍数和断裂应力。     

车用聚氨酯泡沫材料VOC及气味改进综述

分析了车用聚氨酯泡沫材料气味来源,综合概述了当前车用聚氨酯泡沫材料挥发性有机化合物(VOC)和气味控制技术方面研究进展。首先以聚氨酯泡沫材料两大原料即聚醚多元醇及异氰酸酯为对象,从低气味聚醚多元醇的开发和异氰酸酯单体替代等方面介绍了降低聚氨酯泡沫VOC及气味的方法;其次从生产聚氨酯泡沫的各种助剂,包括催化剂、硅酮表面活性剂、脱模剂和除醛剂等方面详细总结了聚氨酯泡沫VOC含量及气味的控制方法。     

一种低VOC高性能聚氨酯汽车方向盘组合料的开发

以低挥发性有机化合物(VOC)聚醚多元醇、聚合物多元醇、拉力助剂、扩链剂、聚酯醚、反应型催化剂、低VOC硅油、开孔剂、除醛助剂为A组分,自制改性异氰酸酯为B组分,制备了汽车方向盘。研究了拉力助剂、扩链剂、除醛助剂以及聚酯醚等对制品性能的影响,并采用袋式法测量了产品的VOC含量。结果表明,拉力助剂、扩链剂、聚酯醚、除醛助剂质量份分别为3、8、6、0.5时,产品的力学性能、回弹性能最好。由该组合料生产的产品VOC含量满足国内目前最苛刻的VOC测试标准(袋式法)的要求。     

聚氨酯泡沫塑料VOC及气味性研究

以3种软质聚氨酯泡沫塑料样品为研究对象,分别采集其散发的气体,采用高效液相色谱分析DNPH管中的醛酮类物质,采用热脱附-气相色谱-质谱-嗅觉检测器联用装置分析Tenax-TA管中采集的气体,详细分析出了不同聚氨酯泡沫塑料中的散发物质、各散发物质的气味强度和气味类型,并说明了聚氨酯泡沫塑料的气味与各散发物质的关联。结果表明,聚氨酯泡沫塑料中散发的挥发性有机物(VOC)主要包括醛类化合物、醇羟基化合物、胺类化合物、烷烃、脂类化合物和苯系化合物等;其中,氨臭味主要来源于胺类化合物,溶剂味主要来源于苯系化合物、醇羟基化合物和烷烃;可通过降低目标气味物质含量或增加特定的香味物质改善材料的VOC和气味。     

Influence of the zeolite type on the mechanical–thermal properties and volatile organic compound emissions of natural‐flour‐filled polypropylene hybrid composites

The physicomechanical properties, thermal properties, odor, and volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions of natural‐flour‐filled polypropylene (PP) composites were investigated as a function of the zeolite type and content. The surface area and pore structure of the natural and synthetic zeolites were determined by surface area analysis and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. With increasing natural and synthetic zeolite content, the tensile and flexural strengths of the hybrid composites were not significantly changed, whereas the water absorption was slightly increased. The thermal stability and degradation temperature of the hybrid composites were slightly increased with increasing natural and synthetic zeolite content. At natural and synthetic zeolite contents of 3%, the various odors and VOC emissions of the polypropylene/rice husk flour and polypropylene/wood flour hybrid composites were significantly reduced because of the absorption of the odor and VOC materials in the pore structures of the natural and synthetic zeolites. These results suggest that the addition of natural and synthetic zeolites to natural‐flour‐filled thermoplastic polymer composites is an effective method of reducing their odor and VOC emissions without any degradation of their mechanical and thermal properties. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

车用胶粘剂对车内空气质量的影响

以车用胶粘剂作为研究对象,重点探讨了其VOC(挥发性有机物)含量和气味性能对车内空气质量的影响,并提出了相应的改善措施。研究结果表明:焊装用胶的主要成分为丁基橡胶、加工油和炭黑,三者对VOC含量的影响依次为加工油>炭黑>丁基橡胶,其气味等级(3～4级)属于难闻和反感级别;涂装用胶的主要成分为糊状PVC(聚氯乙烯)树脂、DOP(邻苯二甲酸二辛酯)增塑剂和有机溶剂等,其对整车车内VOC含量影响较大,并且涂装用胶的气味等级(4级)属于反感级别;总装用胶的主要成分为异氰酸酯、聚醚多元醇等,其乙苯含量相对最高,对整车车内的VOC含量影响极大,并且总装用胶的气味等级(1级)属于无法忍受级别。     

低气味低VOC玻纤增强聚丙烯材料的研制

以聚丙烯(PP)树脂为基体,PP接枝马来酸酐(PP-g-MAH)为相容剂,纳米氧化锌和纳米二氧化钛为复合气味吸收剂,经双螺杆挤出机制备了玻璃纤维(GF)增强PP材料,并分别研究了各组分对材料力学性能和气味等级的影响。结果表明,相容剂PP-g-MAH为GF增强PP材料气味的主要来源,在提高气味等级方面,选用相容剂时,固相接枝工艺比熔融接枝工艺的好,且接枝率不宜太高。在选用PP粒料、接枝率为1.2%的固相接枝PP-g-MAH以及纳米氧化锌和纳米二氧化钛复合气味吸收剂的基础上,制备了低气味和低挥发性有机化合物的GF增强PP材料,其拉伸强度为62 MPa,弯曲强度为76 MPa,缺口冲击强度为8.5 k J/m~2,由其制备的汽车空调电机风扇叶轮产品的气味等级达到了Q/JLY J711061–2009标准的7级要求。     

车用聚丙烯复合材料气味控制技术综述

分析了车用聚丙烯(PP)复合材料气味来源,概述了当前PP复合材料气味控制技术的研究进展。对比了不同树脂粒料,指出氢调法PP树脂的气味优于氧化降解法;分析了不同助剂的气味影响和差异;简述了化学吸附剂和物理吸附剂的原理,指出不同吸附剂对挥发物质的吸收特性;介绍了萃取剂在PP气味提升中的应用,以及多种水基和溶剂体系的萃取剂制备方法。最后在加强原材料管控和添加助剂基础上,通过不同烘烤温度和时间的分析,得出了最优的后处理工艺。     

An investigation on the mechanical and dynamic rheological properties of single and hybrid filler/polypropylene composites based on talc and calcium carbonate

Some results of experiments on the mechanical and rheological properties of mineral filled polypropylene were presented. Single filler and hybrid filler composites of talc and calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) were prepared in a co‐rotating twin‐screw extruder. The effect of filler type, filler content, and coupling agent on the mechanical and rheological properties of the polypropylene were studied. The coupling agent was maleic anhydride‐grafted polypropylene (PP‐g‐MA). It was found that the mechanical properties are affected by filler type, filler concentration, and the interaction between filler and matrix. The tensile strength of the composite is more affected by the talc while the impact strength is influenced mostly by CaCO₃ content. The elongation at break of PP/CaCO₃ composites was higher than that of PP/talc composites. The incorporation of coupling agent into PP/mineral filler composites increased the mechanical properties. Rheological properties indicated that the complex viscosity and storage modulus of talc filled samples were higher than those of calcium carbonate filled samples while the tan δ was lower. The rheological properties of hybrid‐filler filled sample were more affected by the talc than calcium carbonate. The PP‐g‐MA increased the complex viscosity and storage modulus of both single and hybrid composites. POLYM. COMPOS., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Injection molding of long sisal fiber–reinforced polypropylene: Effects of compatibilizer concentration and viscosity on fiber adhesion and thermal degradation

A two‐step process was used to obtain long sisal fiber‐polypropylene (SF/PP)–reinforced thermoplastic composites, using maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MA‐g‐PP) as a compatibilizer. At a first stage, modified polypropylenes (mPP) were used for an extrusion impregnation process, for the preparation of composite pellets containing about 70 wt% of SF. SF/mPP pellets with a large aspect ratio were prepared by continuous extrusion impregnation of a continuous SF yarn, using a single screw extruder and an adequate impregnation die. The mPP used were MA‐g‐PP and regular polypropylene (PP), modified by reaction with different amounts of an organic peroxide. The composite pellets were thus dry blended with regular PP pellets in an injection machine hopper, and injection molded to obtain composite tensile specimens with a minimum quantity of modified polypropylene, minimum fiber breakage and thermal degradation, and excellent mechanical properties. It is shown that the fiber breakage is reduced to a minimum, even for recycled composites, due to the presence of the low‐viscosity polymer layer wetting the SF fibers. The bulk composite effective viscosity and the fiber breakage extent and thermal degradation during the injection‐molding step are found to be closely related. Blending with much less expensive mPP at the impregnation stage optimizes the amount of expensive MA‐g‐PP. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 45:613–621, 2005. © 2005 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Long jute fiber‐reinforced polypropylene composite: Effects of jute fiber bundle and glass fiber hybridization

Two types of long jute fiber pellet consisting of twisted‐jute yarn (LFT‐JF/PP) and untwisted‐jute yarn (UT‐JF/PP) pellets are used to prepare jute fiber–reinforced polypropylene (JF/PP) composites. The mechanical properties of both long fiber composites are compared with that of re‐pelletized pellet (RP‐JF/PP) of LFT‐JF/PP pellet, which is re‐compounded by extrusion compounding. High stiffness and high impact strength of JF/PP composites are as a result of using long fiber. However, the longer fiber bundle consequently affects the distribution of jute fiber. The incorporation of 10 wt % glass fibers is found to improve mechanical properties of JF/PP composites. Increasing mechanical properties of hybrid composites is dependent on the type of JF/PP pellets, which directly affect the fiber length and fiber orientation of glass fiber within hybrid composites. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 41819.     

Production and characterization of polypropylene fiber upon addition of selective peroxide during melt spinning and comparison with conventional polypropylene fibers

In the present work, effect of selective peroxide on reactor grade polypropylene (PP) (known as V30S) during melt spinning process on the physical and thermal properties of as‐spun resultant multifilament yarn was studied. Attempts have also been made to compare this yarn sample with other fiber samples produced from reactor and controlled rheology grades polypropylene. The results show that the multifilament yarn spun from V30S/Peroxide sample shows higher birefringence and tensile strength and also lower modulus, elongation at break, and shrinkage compared with that of spun from pure V30S granule. Density and thermal behavior studies show low variations compared with original sample. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007     

Physico‐Mechanical Properties,Odor and VOC Emission of Bio‐Flour‐Filled Poly(propylene) Bio‐Composites with Different Volcanic Pozzolan Contents

Summary: This study investigated the physico‐mechanical properties, odor and VOC emission of bio‐flour filled PP bio‐composites with different pozzolan contents. On increasing the pozzolan content, the tensile and flexural strengths of the bio‐composites were not significantly changed, whereas the impact strength and water absorption increased slightly and the odor intensity decreased due to the absorption of thermal degradation gases of PP and bio‐flour at the pore surface of the pozzolan. The VOC emission of the bio‐composites, analyzed by GC‐MSD, was mainly due to PP oxidation and the thermal degradation of bio‐flour during the extrusion process at high manufacturing temperatures. With increased pozzolan content, other organic compounds of the bio‐composites were not significantly changed, but the toluene emission of the bio‐composites was decreased. SEM and SEM/EDX mapping techniques were employed to investigate the porous form and the pozzolan distribution in the bio‐composites. From these results, we concluded that the addition of pozzolan in the bio‐composites was an effective method for reducing their odor and VOC emission without any reduction in mechanical properties.

SEM micrograph of pozzolan (10 000×).