A histological and histomorphometrical evaluation of screw-type calciumphosphate (Ca-P) coated implants; an in vivo experiment in maxillary cancellous bone of goats

The bone response to different calcium phosphate (Ca-P) coated implants was evaluated in a goat animal model. Two types of plasma spray coatings were applied to a commercially pure titanium (cpTi) tapered, conical screw-design implant (BioComp^®); hydroxyapatite (HA-PS) and a dual coating, consisting of FA and HA (FA/HA-PS). In addition an amorphous RF magnetron sputter coating (Ca-P-a) and uncoated implants were investigated. Forty-eight implants were inserted in the maxilla of 12 adult female goats. After implantation periods of 3 and 6 months, the bone implant interface was evaluated histologically and histomorphometrically. After both implantation periods all plasma spray coated implants were maintained. On the other hand three Ca-P-a and two cpTi implants were lost. Histological examination revealed a better bone response to both plasma spray coated implants. Histomorphometrical evaluation confirmed this finding. At 3 and 6 months significantly higher percentages of bone contact (p<0.001, ANOVA) were measured for both plasma spray coated implants than for the cpTi and Ca-P-a implants, while no significant difference (p<0.05) existed between both implantation periods. Degradation of both plasma spray coatings was observed. Supported by the results, it is concluded that, although Ca-P coatings can improve the performance of dental implants, the presence of a Ca-P coating is not the only important factor for bone healing around implants placed in low density trabecular bone.     

Synthesis,Characterization and Bioactivity Evaluation of Porous Barium Titanate with Nanostructured Hydroxyapatite Coating for Biomedical Application

Nano phase hydroxyapatite (HA) bioceramics have gained importance in the biomedical field due to their superior biological properties. In this study, nanostructured HA coating was used to increase the bioactivity of a piezoelectric bioceramic, barium titanate (BT). Early reports on the influence of collagen piezoelectricity in remodeling of bone have attracted many researchers to piezoelectric bioceramics such as BT. Hence; porous BT was used as the matrix of a new bone graft composite and then coated with nanostructured HA. BT ceramic was foamed via a direct foaming method with a spray of polyurethane foam. The surface of the foam voids was coated with HA via sol–gel and dip‐coating methods. X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques were used to characterize the prepared coated foam. XRD and TEM analysis showed that the HA coating had a nanostructure with crystallite size of 20–30 nm. SEM images of the prepared samples showed that the HA coating has about 25 µm thickness. The bioactivity of the prepared composite was evaluated in an in vitro study. The variation of Ca²⁺ and PO₄^3? ions versus time in simulated body fluid (SBF) solution were measured by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) analysis during 1 month and the results showed that the mineralization of calcium phosphate (Ca‐P) on HA coated porous samples was much more than that in non‐coated sample. The SEM micrographs and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS or EDX) analysis of the samples after 1 month of immersing in SBF confirm that Ca‐P phase (bone‐like apatite) was significantly mineralized on HA coated porous BT samples. It was concluded that the nanostructured HA coating would improve the bioactivity of BT foam.     

Promotion of osteogenic differentiation of stem cells and increase of bone-bonding ability in vivo using urease-treated titanium coated with calcium phosphate and gelatin

Abstract

Because of its excellent biocompatibility and low allergenicity, titanium has been widely used for bone replacement and tissue engineering. To produce a desirable composite with enhanced bone response and mechanical strength, in this study bioactive calcium phosphate (CaP) and gelatin composites were coated onto titanium (Ti) via a novel urease technique. The cellular responses to the CaP/gelatin/Ti (CaP/gel/Ti) and bone bonding ability were evaluated with proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on CaP/gel/Ti and CaP/Ti in vitro. The results showed that the optical density values, alkaline phosphatase expression and genes expression of MSCs on CaP/gel/Ti were similar to those on CaP/Ti, yet significantly higher than those on pure Ti (p < 0.05). CaP/gel/Ti and CaP/Ti rods (2 mm in diameter, 10 mm in length) were also implanted into femoral shaft of rabbits and pure Ti rods served as control (n = 10). Histological examination, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) measurements were performed at 4 and 8 weeks after the operation. The histological and SEM observations demonstrated clearly that more new bone formed on the surface of CaP/gel/Ti than in the other two groups at each time point. The CaP/gel/Ti bonded to the surrounding bone directly with no intervening soft tissue layer. An interfacial layer, containing Ti, Ca and P, was found to form at the interface between bone and the implant on all three groups by EDS analysis. However, the content of Ca, P in the surface of CaP/gel/Ti implants was more than in the other two groups at each time point. The CaP/gel/Ti modified by the urease method was not only beneficial for MSCs proliferation and osteogenic differentiation, but also favorable for bone bonding ability on Ti implants in vivo, suggesting that Ti functionalized with CaP and gelatin might have a great potential in clinical joint replacement or dental implants.     

Titanium dental implants coated with Bonelike®: Clinical case report

The aim of the study was to evaluate the direct bone bonding and osteointegration of the commercial pure (cp Ti) implants coated with Bonelike® synthetic bone graft by plasma spraying. The Bonelike® coated implant was placed in the mandible of a 40-year-old patient and it was removed after a healing period of 3 months with a trephine of 6 mm diameter. The structure of the coating and new bone/implant interface of retrieved samples were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and histological analysis using light microscopy. In vivo microstructure observations of Bonelike® coated retrieved implants showed excellent bone remnants on its surface without any tissue and inflammatory signs observed. The reported Bonelike® coated (cp Ti) implants improved primary stability, which may increase the lifetime of the implant. Bonelike® coated dental implants proved to be highly bioactive with extensive new bone formation and strongly bonded to Bonelike® coating.     

Soybean Lecithin‐Mediated Nanoporous PLGA Microspheres with Highly Entrapped and Controlled Released BMP‐2 as a Stem Cell Platform

Injectable polymer microsphere‐based stem cell delivery systems have a severe problem that they do not offer a desirable environment for stem cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation because it is difficult to entrap a large number of hydrophilic functional protein molecules into the core of hydrophobic polymer microspheres. In this work, soybean lecithin (SL) is applied to entrap hydrophilic bone morphogenic protein‐2 (BMP‐2) into nanoporous poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) (PLGA)‐based microspheres by a two‐step method: SL/BMP‐2 complexes preparation and PLGA/SL/BMP‐2 microsphere preparation. The measurements of their physicochemical properties show that PLGA/SL/BMP‐2 microspheres had significantly higher BMP‐2 entrapment efficiency and controlled triphasic BMP‐2 release behavior compared with PLGA/BMP‐2 microspheres. Furthermore, the in vitro and in vivo stem cell behaviors on PLGA/SL/BMP‐2 microspheres are analyzed. Compared with PLGA/BMP‐2 microspheres, PLGA/SL/BMP‐2 microspheres have significantly higher in vitro and in vivo stem cell attachment, proliferation, differentiation, and matrix mineralization abilities. Therefore, injectable nanoporous PLGA/SL/BMP‐2 microspheres can be potentially used as a stem cell platform for bone tissue regeneration. In addition, SL can be potentially used to prepare hydrophilic protein‐loaded hydrophobic polymer microspheres with highly entrapped and controlled release of proteins.     

Silica-chitosan hybrid coating on Ti for controlled release of growth factors

A hybrid material composed of a silica xerogel and chitosan was coated on Ti for the delivery of growth-factors. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and green fluorescence protein were incorporated into the coatings for hard tissue engineering. Silica was chosen as a coating material because of its high surface area as well as its good bioactivity. Chitosan provides mechanical stability and contributes to the control of the release rate of the growth factors. When the chitosan composition was 30% or more, the hybrid coating was stable physically and mechanically. The release of the growth-factors, observed in phosphate buffer solution at 37°C, was strongly dependent on the coating material. The hybrid coating containing FGF showed significantly improved osteoblast cell responses compared to the pure xerogel coating with FGF or the hybrid coating without FGF. These results indicate that the hybrid coating is potentially very useful in enhancing the bioactivity of metallic implants by delivering growth-factors in a controlled manner.     

ZrO2/hydroxyapatite coating on titanium by electrolytic deposition

In this study, hydroxyapatite (HA) was coated on a titanium (Ti) substrate over a ZrO(2) layer by the electrolytic deposition method, this double layer coating was then compared with a single layer coating of HA. The HA layer was used to increase the bioactivity and osteoconductivity of the Ti substrate, and the ZrO(2) layer was intended to improve the bonding strength between the HA layer and Ti substrate, and to prevent the corrosion of the Ti substrate. The electrolytic deposition formed an HA layer with a thicknesses of approximately 20 mum, which adhered tightly to the Ti substrate. The bonding strength of the HA/ZrO(2) double layer coating on Ti was markedly improved when compared to that of the HA single coating on Ti. The improvement in bonding strength with the use of a ZrO(2) base layer was attributed to the resulting increase in chemical affinity of the ZrO(2) to the HA layer and to the Ti substrate. The osteoblast-like cells cultured on the HA/ZrO(2) coating surface, proliferated in a similar manner to those on the HA single coating and on the pure Ti surfaces. At the same time, the corrosion resistance of Ti was improved by the presence of the ZrO(2) coating, as shown by a potentiodynamic polarization test.     

Bilayered calcium phosphate coating to promote osseointegration of a femoral stem prosthesis

A bilayered bioactive-gradient coating, consisting of a superficial layer of biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) and a deep layer of hydroxyapatite (HA), promotes faster osseointegration and higher shear strength in non-loading conditions than do monolayer BCP or HA coatings. This study evaluated the biofunctionality of this coating in weight-bearing conditions at 6 and 12 months. The coating was plasma-sprayed on the metaphyseal portion of a sandblasted Ti6Al4V canine femoral prosthesis implanted using the surgical press-fit technique. An identical uncoated stem served as the control. Metaphyseal bone-to-implant apposition was increased for coated (90% and 80% respectively at 6 and 12 months) as compared to uncoated implant (7% at 6 and 12 months). Limited bone apposition was observed at the diaphyseal level. After 12 months, the uncoated implant interface consisted of well-organized, active fibrous tissue, whereas only inactive fibrous tissue interposition was observed at diaphyseal levels of the coated implant. At 6 months, the mineralization apposition rate (MAR) was similar, regardless of implant or bone structures. At 12 months, a significant decrease of MAR was observed around the uncoated implant. Transmission electron microscopy studies of the interface showed precipitation of biological apatite crystals in close association with mineralized collagenous bone matrix. Our results suggest a direct relationship between bioactivity and enhanced bone formation. The sandwich coating used is effective in promoting massive metaphyseal osseointegration, which ensures mechanical stability for early weight-bearing and should prevent long-term complications.     

Biomimetic coatings on titanium: a crystal growth study of octacalcium phosphate

The biomimetic approach allows the coating of metal implants with different calcium-phosphate (Ca-P) phases. Films elaborated at physiological conditions exhibited structures closely resembling those of bone mineral. For instance, octacalcium phosphate (OCP, Ca₈(HPO₄)₂(PO₄)₄ · 5H₂O) crystals have been deposited on titanium through a two-step procedure. After cleaning and etching, Ti6Al4V plates were immersed for 24 h into a simulated body fluid (SBF1). A thin amorphous carbonated Ca-P layer precipitated on the metal substrate. Secondly, these thinly Ca-P coated titanium substrates were immersed for 48 h into another simulated body fluid (SBF2). The thin amorphous carbonated Ca-P layer induced the fast precipitation of a second Ca-P layer of 55 m in thickness composed of OCP crystals. The measurements of Ca and P concentrations versus soaking time in SBF2 showed that the carbonated Ca-P layer partially dissolved before the deposition of the OCP coating. X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed that OCP crystals grew epitaxially on the substrate. OCP is known to be one of the precursors during the bone mineralization process, thereby, this new generation of biomimetic coatings are promising for orthopedic surgery. © 2001 Kluwer Academic Publishers     

Nanostructured Titanate with Different Metal Ions on the Surface of Metallic Titanium: A Facile Approach for Regulation of rBMSCs Fate on Titanium Implants

Titanium (Ti) is widely used for load‐bearing bio‐implants, however, it is bio‐inert and exhibits poor osteo‐inductive properties. Calcium and magnesium ions are considered to be involved in bone metabolism and play a physiological role in the angiogenesis, growth, and mineralization of bone tissue. In this study, a facile synthesis approach to the in situ construction of a nanostructure enriched with Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ on the surface of titanium foil is proposed by inserting Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ into the interlayers of sodium titanate nanostructures through an ion‐substitution process. The characteriz 0.67, and 0.73 nm ation results validate that cations can be inserted into the interlayer regions of the layered nanostructure without any obvious change of morphology. The cation content is positively correlated to the concentration of the solutions employed. The biological assessments indicate that the type and the amount of cations in the titanate nanostructure can alter the bioactivity of titanium implants. Compared with a Na⁺ filled titanate nanostructure, the incorporation of divalent ions (Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺) can effectively enhance protein adsorption, and thus also enhance the adhesion and differentiation ability of rat bone‐marrow stem cells (rBMSCs). The Mg²⁺/Ca²⁺‐titanate nanostructure is a promising implantable material that will be widely applicable in artificial bones, joints, and dental implants.     

MAO-DCPD composite coating on Mg alloy for degradable implant applications

Magnesium (Mg) is a promising metallic material for use as degradable orthopedic implants. The density and Young's modulus of Mg are close to those of human bone, and it is non-toxic and degradable in body fluids. However, the realization of Mg as an implant material is hampered by its high corrosion rate. The present article aims at improving the corrosion resistance and bioactivity of a Mg alloy AZ80 via surface treatment. AZ80 was coated with a composite coating consisting of an oxide layer formed by micro-arc oxidation (MAO) and a top layer of dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD, CaHPO₄·2H₂O) fabricated by electrodeposition. The corrosion behavior and apatite-forming ability in simulated body fluids (SBFs) were studied using hydrogen evolution measurements and SEM. The results show that the MAO-DCPD composite coating significantly reduces the corrosion rate of AZ80 and at the same time enhances the deposition of apatite on the coating.     

In situ composite coating of titania-hydroxyapatite on titanium substrate by micro-arc oxidation coupled with electrophoretic deposition processing

In situ composite coating of hydroxyapatite (HA)/TiO₂ were produced on titanium (Ti) substrate by micro-arc oxidation coupled with electrophoretic deposition (MAO&EPD) technique with different concentrations of HA particles in the 0.2 M NaOH electrolyte solution. The surface morphology and chemical composition of the hybrid coating were effected by HA concentration. The amount of HA particles incorporated into coating layer increased with increasing HA concentration used in the electrolyte solution. The corrosion behavior of the coating layer in simulated body fluids (SBF) was evaluated using a potentiodynamic polarization test. The corrosion resistance of the coated sample was increased compared to the untreated Ti sample. The in vitro bioactivity assessment showed that the MAO&EPD treated Ti substrate possessed higher apatite-forming ability than the untreated Ti. Moreover, the apatite-forming ability had a positive correlation with HA concentration. In addition, the cell behavior was also examined using cell proliferation assay and alkaline phosphatase ability. The coating formed at HA concentration of 5 g/L exhibited the highest cell ability.     

Influence of octacalcium phosphate coating on osteoinductive properties of biomaterials

In this study, we investigated the influence of octacalcium phosphate (OCP) coating on osteoinductive behaviour of the biomaterials. Porous titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V), hydroxyapatite (HA), biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) and polyethylene glyco terephtalate/polybuthylene terephtalate (PEGT-PBT) copolymer, all uncoated and coated with biomimetically produced OCP, were implanted in back muscles of 10 goats for 6 and 12 weeks. Uncoated Ti6Al4Vand HA did not show any bone formation after intramuscular implantation. All OCP coated implants, except PEGT-PBT, did induce bone in the soft tissue. The reason for the non-inductive behaviour of the copolymer is probably its softness, that makes it impossible to maintain its porous shape after implantation. Both uncoated and OCP coated BCP induced bone. However, the amount of animals in which the bone was induced was higher in the coated BCP implants in comparison to the uncoated ones. Osteoinductive potential of biomaterials is influenced by various material characteristics, such as chemical composition, crystallinity, macro- and microstructure. OCP coating has a positive effect on osteoinductivity of the biomaterials. The combination of the advantages of biomimetic coating method above traditional methods, and a good osteoinductivity of OCP coating that is produced by using this method, opens new possibilities for designing more advanced orthopaedic implants.     

Biosilicate®–gelatine bone scaffolds by the foam replica technique: development and characterization

Abstract

The development of bioactive glass-ceramic materials has been a topic of great interest aiming at enhancing the mechanical strength of traditional bioactive scaffolds. In the present study, we test and demonstrate the use of Biosilicate^® glass-ceramic powder to fabricate bone scaffolds by the foam replica method. Scaffolds possessing the main requirements for use in bone tissue engineering (95% porosity, 200–500 μm pore size) were successfully produced. Gelatine coating was investigated as a simple approach to increase the mechanical competence of the scaffolds. The gelatine coating did not affect the interconnectivity of the pores and did not significantly affect the bioactivity of the Biosilicate^® scaffold. The gelatine coating significantly improved the compressive strength (i.e. 0.80 ± 0.05 MPa of coated versus 0.06 ± 0.01 MPa of uncoated scaffolds) of the Biosilicate^® scaffold. The combination of Biosilicate^® glass-ceramic and gelatine is attractive for producing novel scaffolds for bone tissue engineering.     

2D Layered Graphene Oxide Films Integrated with Micro‐Ring Resonators for Enhanced Nonlinear Optics

Layered 2D graphene oxide (GO) films are integrated with micro‐ring resonators (MRRs) to experimentally demonstrate enhanced nonlinear optics. Both uniformly coated (1?5 layers) and patterned (10?50 layers) GO films are integrated on complementary‐metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS)‐compatible doped silica MRRs using a large‐area, transfer‐free, layer‐by‐layer GO coating method with precise control of the film thickness. The patterned devices further employ photolithography and lift‐off processes to enable precise control of the film placement and coating length. Four‐wave‐mixing (FWM) measurements for different pump powers and resonant wavelengths show a significant improvement in efficiency of ≈7.6 dB for a uniformly coated device with 1 GO layer and ≈10.3 dB for a patterned device with 50 GO layers. The measurements agree well with theory, with the enhancement in FWM efficiency resulting from the high Kerr nonlinearity and low loss of the GO films combined with the strong light–matter interaction within the MRRs. The dependence of GO's third‐order nonlinearity on layer number and pump power is also extracted from the FWM measurements, revealing interesting physical insights about the evolution of the GO films from 2D monolayers to quasi bulk‐like behavior. These results confirm the high nonlinear optical performance of integrated photonic resonators incorporated with 2D layered GO films.     

Fabrication of nano-structured HA/CNT coatings on Ti6Al4V by electrophoretic deposition for biomedical applications

In order to improve the bone bioactivity and osteointegration of metallic implants, hydroxyapatite (HA) is often coated on their surface so that a real bond with the surrounding bone tissue can be formed. In the present study, cathodic electrophoretic deposition (EPD) has been attempted for depositing nanostructured HA coatings on titanium alloy Ti6Al4V followed by sintering at 800 degrees C. Nano-sized HA powder was used in the EPD process to produce dense coatings. Moreover, multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were also used to reinforce the HA coating for enhancing its mechanical strength. The surface morphology, compositions and microstructure of the monolithic coating of HA and nanocomposite coatings of HA with different CNT contents (4 to 25%) on Ti6Al4V were investigated by scanning-electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Xray diffractometry, respectively. Electrochemical corrosion behavior of the various coatings in Hanks' solution at 37 degrees C was investigated by means of open-circuit potential measurement and cyclic potentiodynamic polarization tests. Surface hardness, adhesion strength and bone bioactivity of the coatings were also studied. The HA and HA/CNT coatings had a thickness of about 10 microm, with corrosion resistance higher than that of the substrate and adhesion strength higher than that of plasma sprayed HA coating. The properties of the composite coatings were optimized by varying the CNT contents. The enhanced properties could be attributed to the use of nano-sized HA particles and CNTs. Compared with the monolithic HA coating, the CNT-reinforced HA coating markedly increased the coating hardness without deteriorating the corrosion resistance or adhesion strength.     

Adhesive B-doped DLC films on biomedical alloys used for bone fixation

The long-term failure of the total hip and knee prostheses is attributed to the production of wear particles at the articulating interface between the metals, ceramics and polymers used for surgical implants and bone-fixtures. Therefore, finding an adhesive and inert coating material that has low frictional coefficient should dramatically reduce the production of wear particles and hence, prolong the life time of the surgical implants. The novel properties of the non-toxic diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings have proven to be excellent candidates for biomedical applications. However, they have poor adhesion strength to the alloys and biomaterials. The addition of a thin interfacial layer such as Si, Ti, TiN, Mo and Cu/Cr and/or adding additives such as Si, F, N, O, W, V, Co, Mo, Ti or their combinations to the DLC films has been found to increase the adhesion strength substantially. In our study, grade 316L stainless steel and grade 5 titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) were used as biomaterial substrates. They were coated with DLC films containing boron additives at various levels using various Si interfacial layer thicknesses. The best film adhesion was achieved at 8% and 20% on DLC coated Ti-6Al-4V and grade 316L substrates, respectively. It has been demonstrated that doping the DLC with boron increases their adhesion strength to both substrates even without silicon interfacial layer and increases it substantially with optimum silicon layer thickness. The adhesion strength is also correlated with the hydrogen contents in the B-DLC films. It is found to reach its maximum value of 700 kg/cm² and 390 kg/cm² at 2/7 and 3/6 for CH₄/Ar partial pressures (in mTorr ratio) for Ti-6Al-4V and 316L substrates, respectively.     

Using Graphene Oxide to Enhance the Barrier Properties of Poly(lactic acid) Film

The ultra‐thin (polyethyleneimine/graphene oxide)_n [(PEI/GO)_n]multilayer films on poly(lactic acid) (PLA) were constructed via the layer‐by‐layer assembly. Here, the electrostatic interactions between PEI and GO were used to obtain the nanoscale composite membrane of (PEI/GO)_n on the surface of PLA film. With the number of assembling layers increased, the oxygen permeability (PO₂) of PLA film decreased substantially. As a 0.06 wt% GO solution was used with only four layers, the PO₂ decreased from 53.8 to 0.377 × 10^?4 cm³/m²/d/Pa, only 0.7% of the original PLA film. At the same time, the coated PLA film also presented a good transparency and better mechanical properties. It is a novel way to use GO on biodegradable packaging materials. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Surface Engineering of Biodegradable Magnesium Alloys for Enhanced Orthopedic Implants

Magnesium (Mg) alloys have been promised for biomedical implants in orthopedic field, however, the fast corrosion rate and mode challenge their clinical application. To push Mg alloys materials into practice, a composite coating with biodegradable and high compatible components to improve anticorrosion property of an Mg alloy (i.e., AZ31) is designed and fabricated. The inner layer is micro‐nano structured Mg(OH)₂ through hydrothermal treatment. Then stearic acid (SA) is introduced to modify Mg(OH)₂ for better reducing the gap below a surface‐degradation polymer layer of poly(1,3‐trimethylene carbonate). Benefited by the SA modification effect, this sandwiched coating avoids corrosive medium penetration via enhancing the adhesion strength at the interface between outer and inner layers. Both in vitro and in vivo tests indicate that the composite coating modified AZ31 perform a better anticorrosion behavior and biocompatibility compared to bare AZ31. Strikingly, a 1.7‐fold improvement in volume of newly formed bone is observed surrounding the composite coating modified implant after 12 week implantation. The sandwiched biocompatible coating strategy paves a hopeful way for future translational application of Mg alloys orthopedic materials in clinics.     

S‐layer Coated Emulsomes as Potential Nanocarriers

The present study introduces a novel nanocarrier system comprising lipidic emulsomes and S‐layer (fusion) proteins as functionalizing tools coating the surface. Emulsomes composed of a solid tripalmitin core and a phospholipid shell are created reproducibly with an average diameter of approximately 300 nm using temperature‐controlled extrusion steps. Both wildtype (wt) and recombinant (r) S‐layer protein SbsB of Geobacillus stearothermophilus PV72/p2 are capable of forming coherent crystalline envelope structures with oblique (p1) lattice symmetry, as evidenced by transmission electron microscopy. Upon coating with wtSbsB, positive charge of emulsomes shifts to a highly negative zeta potential, whereas those coated with rSbsB become charge neutral. This observation is attributed to the presence of a negatively charged glycan, the secondary cell wall polymer (SCWP), which is associated only with wtSbsB. The present study shows for the first time the ability of recombinant and wildtype S‐layer proteins to cover the entire surface of emulsomes with its characteristic crystalline lattice. Furthermore, in vitro cell culture studies reveal that S‐layer coated emulsomes can be uptaken by human liver carcinoma cells (HepG2) without showing any significant cytotoxicity over a wide range of concentrations. The utilization of S‐layer fusion proteins equipped in a nanopatterned fashion by identical or diverse functions may lead to further development of emulsomes in nanomedicine, especially for drug delivery and targeting.