环氧树脂表面化学镀镍层制备及结合力评价

采用化学镀的方法在环氧树脂表面制备镍镀层。观察了镀层表面和横截面形貌,研究了温度对镀层的表面形貌、沉积速率和结合力的影响,以及镀液pH值对镀层质量和沉积速率的影响,并对镀层与基体的结合力进行了评价。结果表明,环氧树脂化学镀镍的沉积速率随温度的升高而增大,但温度不宜太高,温度太高会增大镀层内部应力,降低镀层结合力。最佳施镀温度为35℃,镀液的最佳pH值为10,制备的镀层表面平整、均匀致密,镀层沉积速率为12μm/h,镀层与基体的结合力可达22.06 N。     

泡沫铝表面镀镍及其性能

为提高泡沫铝耐高温及耐蚀性,对其表面电镀镍层。采用扫描电镜观察镀层的表面形貌,进行镀层与基体的结合力测试、常温及650℃以上高温压缩测试及常温下中性电化学腐蚀研究。结果表明:一定范围内,电流密度越大,镀层结晶越致密;但电流密度过大(≥3 A/dm2)时,镀层区域结晶反而粗大;由于走位剂的添加,深镀能力提高;镀层与基体结合良好,在电流密度为1 A/dm2、镀层厚度为28~30μm时,镍层与基体界面结合力达到最大;镀镍后的泡沫铝压缩弹性模量提高了2.3倍,平台应力提高了1.5倍,由于镍层的存在,泡沫铝在650℃以上高温压缩时强度依然存在;镀镍后泡沫铝自腐蚀电位、电蚀电位、致钝电位分别正向移动238、51和220 mV,耐腐蚀性能提高。     

一种碱性电镀锌镍合金镀层的抗腐蚀性能研究

在一种锌镍合金碱性电镀体系中,以四乙烯五胺(TEPA)和三乙烯四胺(TETA)混合物作为镍离子络合剂的碱性电镀锌镍合金体系,在低碳钢基材上电沉积制备锌镍合金镀层.利用电化学工作站测试了镀层在3.5％NaCl溶液中的极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱,考察不同电沉积条件参数(电流密度、镍含量、搅拌等)对锌镍合金镀层的腐蚀电化学行为的影响.结果表明,在3.5％NaCl溶液中的模拟海水溶液中,通过极化曲线测得腐蚀电位和腐蚀电流可知镀液含镍含量一定范围内(Ni2+/Ni2++Zn+=15 mol％～20 mol％,得到的镀层对基体有很好的防护作用;随着电流密度的增大镀层的腐蚀电位变负;腐蚀介质的酸碱性越强对镀层的腐蚀越大.     

SPCC钢碱性无氰直接预镀铜工艺研究

目的提高LED支架的性价比,减少SPCC钢表面镀银预镀铜工艺的镀液污染,简化现有的预镀镍-镀铜施镀工艺,提高预镀层质量。方法采用HEDP碱性无氰直接预镀铜方法来简化工艺,用单因素实验法,系统研究了电流密度、镀液pH、电镀温度、HEDP/Cu~(2+)摩尔比、电镀时间等参数,对镀层镀速、孔隙率及镀层表面质量的影响,并表征镀层的微观组织及镀层结合力。结果在阴极电流密度为1.41 A/dm~2,pH值为9.5,温度为50℃,HEDP/Cu~(2+)摩尔比为3.75:1(Cu~(2+)为10 g/L),时间为11 min的条件下,可获得镀速约为1.7 mg/(cm~2·min)的预镀铜层,且镀层与基体的结合力良好,无孔隙,呈良好的光亮/半光亮状的细晶镀层。结论与钢铁表面氰化镀铜及镀银前预镀铜工艺相比,推荐的HEDP直接预镀铜工艺的镀层质量好,可满足直接镀铜和镀银前预镀铜工艺要求,可有效减少镀液污染和简化施镀工艺,对SPCC钢的镀铜工艺改善具有较好的推广价值。     

电沉积镍-碳钠米管复合镀层的工艺研究

利用电沉积方法制备了镍-碳纳米管复合镀层.分析了镀液中碳纳米管的悬浮量、镀液温度、pH值、阴极电流密度及搅拌速度对镀层中碳纳米管含量的影响.扫描电镜结果表明,碳纳米管能均匀地嵌镶于基体中,并且端头露出,覆盖于基体表面.     

工艺参数及稳定剂抗坏血酸对电沉积NiFeW合金的影响

为获得性能良好的镍铁钨合金镀层,研究了镀液pH 值、温度、电流密度、稳定剂抗坏血酸浓度对镍铁钨合金镀层成分和镀层沉积速率、显微硬度的影响。结果表明: 镀液pH 值对镀层W含量和镀层沉积速率影响较大;镀液温度对镀层沉积速率、镀层成分和镀层硬度影响均较大;随抗坏血酸浓度增加,镀层沉积速率逐渐降低,镀层表面形貌更加粗糙。在镀液pH = 4,温度60 ℃,电流密度4 A/dm2,抗坏血酸浓度3 g /L 时,镀层沉积速率和镀层的显微硬度较高,表面光亮致密,耐蚀性好。     

工艺参数及稳定剂抗坏血酸对电沉积NiFeW合金镀层的影响（英文）

为获得性能良好的镍铁钨合金镀层,研究了镀液pH值、温度、电流密度、稳定剂抗坏血酸浓度对镍铁钨合金镀层成分和镀层沉积速率、显微硬度的影响。结果表明:镀液pH值对镀层W含量和镀层沉积速率影响较大;镀液温度对镀层沉积速率、镀层成分和镀层硬度影响均较大;随抗坏血酸浓度增加,镀层沉积速率逐渐降低,镀层表面形貌更加粗糙。在镀液pH=4,温度60℃,电流密度4A/dm~2,抗坏血酸浓度3 g/L时,镀层沉积速率和镀层的显微硬度较高,表面光亮致密,耐蚀性好。     

负压-温度梯度电沉积镍镀层的耐腐蚀性

在负压-温度梯度环境下制备镍镀层,并研究分析不同电沉积工艺条件和参数(如沉积空间气压、阴极面温度、阴极电流密度、添加剂等)对镍镀层在10%HCl溶液和10%H2SO4溶液中的耐腐蚀性的影响。结果表明:无添加剂镀液中制备而成的镍镀层在两种酸性溶液中的腐蚀率均随沉积空间气压(20～5kPa)的降低及阴极面温度(40～65℃)的升高而减小,随阴极电流密度(3～81A/dm2)的增加而增大;相同操作条件下,镀液中加入适量十二烷基硫酸钠添加剂后所得镍镀层的腐蚀率更低。与常态环境(常压、大气环境)下获得的镍镀层相比,负压-温度梯度环境下电沉积的镍镀层的耐腐蚀性增强。     

柠檬酸对1060铝合金化学镀Ni-W-P镀层性能的影响

为提高1060铝合金的耐腐蚀性能和耐磨性能,采用电化学技术、SEM和XRD等方法,研究了柠檬酸对1060铝合金化学镀Ni-W-P镀液的沉积速率、镀层的孔隙率、腐蚀电位、交流阻抗、维氏硬度、形貌等的影响。结果表明,添加柠檬酸,镀液沉积速率有所降低,但是,Ni-W-P镀层的表面平滑光亮,结合力良好,耐蚀性提高。当柠檬酸含量为25 g/L时,镀层的点滴液变色时间最长,为605 s,镀层的孔隙率为0,腐蚀电流密度最小(2.95μA/cm~2),腐蚀电位最大,为-0.384 V,比1060铝合金的正移0.889 V,腐蚀倾向变小。镀层呈典型的花椰菜包状物结构,添加柠檬酸之后,包状物细化,镀层组织结构更紧密均匀,无孔隙,镀层磷含量提高,使镀层由非晶态和微晶构成的混晶结构向非晶态转变,是其耐蚀性高的重要原因,提高钨含量使镀层硬度增加,为174 HV,是1060铝合金基体的4倍。     

超声电镀锡铋合金研究

研究了超声波对锡铋合金电镀的影响.通过赫尔槽试验优选出最佳镀液配方和工艺条件,用SEM法观测了镀层形貌,并测试了镀层和镀液性能.结果表明:超声波的作用扩大了电流密度范围和温度范围;所得镀层表面光亮、结晶更细致、均匀,镀层结合力、抗氧化性和可焊性改善明显,耐蚀性增强;镀液性能稳定,阴极电流效率和沉积速度得到提高.因此,超声波对电镀工艺条件、镀层质量和镀液性能都有明显的改善作用.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.