采用GaN p—n结制作的可见光—不可见光紫外线光电探测器

报道了在ＧａＮ ｐ－ｎ结上制作的可见光－不可见光紫外线光电探测器。这种探测器约在３７０ｎｍ时有一定变的长波长截止波长，在３６９ｎｍ时的响应度高达０．０９Ａ／Ｗ。在３２５ｎｍ时测得的上升时间和下降时间为３００μｓ。     

GaN/6H-SiC紫外探测器的光电流性质研究

本文研究了以金属有机物化学气相沉积方法生长在６Ｈ－ＳｉＣ衬底上的ＧａＮ外延薄膜制成的光导型紫外探测器的光电流性质．通过对其光电流谱的测量，获得了ＧａＮ探测器在紫外波段从２５０～３６５ｎｍ近于平坦的光电流响应曲线，并且观察到在～３．４ｅＶ带边附近陡峭的截止边，即当光波长在从３６５ｎｍ变到３７５ｎｍ的１０ｎｍ区间内，光电流信号下降了３个数量级．在３６０ｎｍ波长处，我们测得ＧａＮ探测器在５Ｖ偏压下光电流响应度为１３３Ａ／Ｗ，并得到了其响应度与外加偏压的关系．通过拟合光电流信号强度与入射光调制频率的实验数据     

低暗电流InGaAs金属－半导体－金属光电探测器

首次采用双重肖特基势垒增强层技术，制作了ＩｎＧａＡｓ金属－半导体－金属光电探测器。实验结果表明：具有１５ｎｍ的ｐ－ＩｎＰ和１００ｎｍ的ＩｎＰ双重势垒增强层的器件，极大地减小了暗电流，最小达４．７ｎＡ（１０Ｖ），证明这是一种减小金属－半导体－金属光电探测器暗电流的有效途径     

1.55μmSi_(1-x)Ge_x/Si光开关与光探测器集成的分析及设计

对１．５５μｍ波长的Ｓｉ１－ｘＧｅｘ光波导开关和Ｓｉ１－ｘＧｅｘ／Ｓｉ红外探测器的集成结构进行了系统的理论分析和优化设计。设计结果为：（１）对Ｓｉ１－ｘＧｅｘ光开关，Ｇｅ含量ｘ＝０．０５，波导的内脊高、脊宽和腐蚀深度分别为３，８．５和２．６μｍ，分支角为５～６°。要实现对１．５５μｍ波长光的开关作用，ｐｎ＋结上所需加的正向偏压值应为０．９７Ｖ；（２）对Ｓｉ１－ｘＧｅｘ／Ｓｉ探测器，Ｇｅ含量ｘ＝０．５，探测器由２３个周期的６ｎｍＳｉ０．５Ｇｅ０．５和１７ｎｍＳｉ交替组成厚度为５５０ｎｍ，长度约为１．５～２ｍｍ的超晶格，内量子效率达８０％以上。     

1.3μm和1.55μm Si_(1-x)Ge_x波长信号分离器与Si_(1-x)Ge_x/Si应变超晶格探测器的集成

对１．３μｍ和１．５５μｍ波长的Ｓｉ１－ｘＧｅｘ波长信号分离器（ＷＳＤ）和Ｓｉ１－ｘＧｅｘ／Ｓｉ应变超晶格（ＳＬＳ）红外探测器的集成结构进行了系统的分析和优化设计．优化结果为：（１）对Ｓｉ１－ｘＧｅｘＷＳＤ，Ｇｅ含量ｘ＝０．０５．波导的脊高和腐蚀深度分别为３μｍ和２．６μｍ．对应于λ１＝１．３μｍ和λ２＝１．５５μｍ波长的波导脊宽分别为１１μｍ和８．５μｍ．（２）对Ｓｉ１－ｘＧｅｘ／ＳｉＳＬＳ探测器，Ｇｅ含量ｘ＝０．５．探测器的厚度为５５０ｎｍ，由２３个周期的６ｎｍＳｉ０．５Ｇｅ０．５＋１７ｎｍＳｉ组成．     

GaAs/AlGaAs谐振腔增强型光探测器的实现及其特性研究

本文报导ＧａＡｓ／ＡｌＡｇＡｓ谐振腔增强型（ＲＣＥ）光探测器的实验研究结果,并对器件的特性进行了理论分析。通过实验验证了ＲＣＥ器件谐振腔两个镜面的反射率随着波长的变化以及器件分层结构折射率差二者对器件性能的影响,并证明了分析理论的正确性。器件在８１０ｎｍ附近的响应峰的３ｄＢ谱线宽度约为２０ｎｍ,最大量子效率约为１１％。该光探测器具有较好的波长选择特性,将会成为波分复用（ＷＤＭ）光纤通信系统中比较理     

低喑电流InGaAs金属—半导体—金属光电探测器

首次采用双重肖特基势垒增强层技术，制作了ＩｎＧａＡｓ金属－半导体－金属光电探测器。实验结果表明：具有１５ｍｍ的ｐ－ＩｎＰ和１００ｎｍ的ＩｎＰ双重势垒增强层的器件，极大地减少了暗电流，最小达４．７ｎＡ（１０Ｖ），证明这是一种减小金属－半导体－金属８光电探测器暗电流的有效途径。     

硅浅结紫外光探测器的研究

采用低能离子注入法在Ｓｉ材料上制作了浅结结构紫外光（ＵＶ）探测器,介绍了 的结构设计、工艺制作以及主要测量结果。实验证明,这种探讨器能够有效地探测波长为２００ｎｍ和４００ｎｍ的紫外光。     

用绝缘体减弱金属-半导体-金属探测器的电流泄漏

硅作为金属半导体金属(ＭＳＭ)光电探测器的基础材料,可制作低成本可见光传感器。这是金属半导体金属结构本身(在这种结构里,可实现互补金属氧化物半导体(ＣＭＯＳ)单片集成探测器和晶体三极管前置放大器)和硅半导体技术的成熟所决定。但金属半导体金属光电探测器有很大的泄漏电流,使它对光数据存储系统之类应用不够理想。荷兰飞利浦研究公司大大地减轻了这个问题。他们在结构中加入1ｎｍ厚的二氧化硅,形成金属绝缘体半导体绝缘体金属光电探测器。在780ｎｍ处,制得的互补金属氧化物半导体(ＣＭＯＳ)兼容器件在5Ｖ时泄漏电流密度减少52倍,为1…     

高透明Al2O3陶瓷窗口

本文所介绍的高透明Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３窗口兼有以往许多种光电探测器窗口的优点：比如有极好的机械强度和硬度；较宽的光谱透射区域１９０－７０００ｎｍ；较高的总透射率（＞９０％）；优良的散射退偏振特性。并且因其具有适度的散射功能及与晶体Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３相似的透明波段，当它被用作激光探测器窗口时，可使激光较均匀地分布于探测表面，起到大幅度地提高探测器的抗激光损伤能力，同时降低探测元的非线性响应引起的测量误差的作用。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks